CT < ^ cc c ^i^'\l ^S^5^ No. ^370 -i^^JUi 'J V TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY ARTS AND SCIENCES YOLUME TI. NEW HAVEN: PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY. ''1882 TO 1885. TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR. PRINTERS CONTENTS. PAGE List of Additions to thk Libkary, v Art. I. — New England Spiders of the family The- RiDiD^, By J. H. Emerton. Plates 1-24, 1 Art. II. — Dipterous Larvae from the Western Al- kaline Lakes, and their use as Human Food. By S. W. Williston, . 87 Art. III. — North American CoNOPiDiE. By S. W. Williston, 91 Art. IV. — On the Anatomy of Lihinia emarginata Lead), the Spider C.rac. By E. A. An- drews. Plates 25-27, - 99 Art. V. — On an Unsymmetrical Law of Error in THE Position of a Point in Space. By E. L. DkForest, 12.3 Art. VI. — Second Catalogue of Mollusca recently ADDED to the FauNA OF THE NeW EN(i- LAND Coast and the adjacent parts of THE Atlantic, consisting mostly of Deep Sea Species, with Notes on others pre- viously RECORDED. By A. E. Verrill. Plates 28-32, 139 Art. VII. — New England Spiders of the f-amily Epei- RiD.E. By J. H. Emerton. Plates 33-40, 295 Art. VIII. — The Diastatic Action of Saliva, as Modi- fied BY various Conditions Studied Quan- titatively. By K. H. Chittenden and Her- bert E. Smith, 343 Art. IX. — North American Conopid^ : Conclusion. By S. W. Williston. Plate 41, 377 Art. X. — Third Catalogue of Mollusca recently ADDED TO THE FaUNA OF THE NeW ENG- LAND Coast and the Adjacent parts of THE Atlantic, consisting mostly of Deep- Sea Species, with Notes on others pre- viously recorded. By A. E. Verrill. Plates 42-44, 395 Art. XI. — Additions to the Shallow-water Mollusca of Cape Hatteras, N. C, dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Al- batross" IN 1883 AND 1884. By Kathe- rine J. Bush. Plate 45, 453 Art, XII. — New England Lycosid^. By J. H. Emer- ton. Plates 46-49, 48] OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY, 1884-85. President. ADDISON E. VEKRILL. Vice- President. WILLIAM H. BKEWEH. Corresponding Secretary. ADDISON VAN NAME. Recording Secretary. LEONARD WALDO. Librarian. ADDISON VAN NAME. Treasurer. HENltY C. KINGSLEY. Publishing Committee. IIUBEIIT A. NEWTON, ELIAS LOOMIS, GEORGE J. BliUSlI, ADDISON E. VERRILL, EDWIN S. WHEELE1{, WILLIAM D. WHITNEY, ADDISON VAN NAME. jYuditing Committee. ADDISON E. VELMMLL, HI! BERT A. NEWTON, ADDISON VAN NAME. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY OF THE Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, By Gift and Exchange, fkom July 1, 1882, to Aug. 1, 1884. Albany. — New York State Library. Annual report. LXI. LXII, LXIII, 1880-82. 8°. New York State Museum of Natural History. Annual report. XXXI, 1818. 8°. American Association fm' the Advancement of Science. Proceedings. Thirtieth, thirty-first, thirty-second meeting, 1881-83. Salem, 1882-84. 8° Annapolis. — United States Naval Institute. Proceedings. Vol. X. 1-3, 1884. 8°. Baltimore. — Johns Hopkins University. American chemical journal. Vol. IV. 3-6, V. 1, 3-6, VI. 1, 2, 1882-84. 8°. Studies from the biological laboratory. Vol. II. 3, 4, III. 1, 1882-84. 8°. Boston. — Amateur Scientific Society. Science observer. Vol. IV. 1-8, 1882-84. 8°. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Proceedings. Vol. XVII-XIX, 1881-84. 8°. Society of Natural History. Memoirs. Vol. III. 6-9, 1883-84. 4°. Proceedings. Vol. XXI. 4, XXII. 1-3, 1882-83. 8°. Buffalo. — Society of Natural Sciences. Bulletin. Vol. IV. 3, 4, 1882-83. 8°. Cambridge. — Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Annals. Vol. XIII. 1, XIV, 1882-84. 4°. Annual report. XXXVII, XXXVIII, 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Observations on the transit of Venus, Dec. 5 and 6, 1882. 8°. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Memoirs. Vol. VII. 2, pt. 2, 3, VIII, IX. 1, 2, X. 1, 3, 1881-84. 4°. Bulletin. Vol. X, XL 1-9, 1882-83. 8°. Annual report. 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Entomological Club. Psyche. No. 1-102, 105-120, 1874-84. 8°. Chicago. — Astronomical Society. Annual report. 1882, 1883. 8°. The American antiquarian and oriental journal. Vol. IV. 4, V, VI. 1-4 1882-84. 8°. Cincinnati. — Observatory. Publications. No. 7, 1880-82. 8°. vi Additions to the Library. Cincinnati. — Society of Natural History. Journal. Vol. V. 3, 4, VI, VII. 1, 2, 1882-84. 8°. Davenport. — Academy of Natural Sciences. Proceedings. Vol. III. 2, 1882. 8°. Frankfort. — Kentucky Geological Survey. Carr, L. The mounds of the Mississippi valley historically considered. 4°. Madison. — State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Report and collections. Vol. IX, 1880-82. 8°. Washburne Observatory. Publications, Vol. I, 1882. 8°. Middletown. — Museum of Wesley an University. Annual report. XII, 1883. 8°. Milwaukee. — Naturliistorischer Verein von Wisconsin. Jahres-Bericht. 1881-82. 8°. Minneapolis. — Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences. Bulletin. Vol. II. 4, 1882. 8°. New York. — American monthly microscopical Journal. Vol. III. 1-7, 12, IV, 1882-83. 8°. Amejican Museum of Natural Sciences. Bulletin. Vol. I. 1-5, 1881-84. 8°. Annual report. XIV, XV, 1883-84. 8". Linnean Society. Transactions. Vol. I, 1882. 8°. Torrey Botanical Club. Bulletin. Vol. VIII-X, XL 1-6, 1881-84. 8°. Philadelphia. — Franklin Institute. Journal. Vol. CXIA^. 2-6, CXV-CXVII, CXVIIT. 1, 1882-84. 8\ Poughkeepsie. — Vassar Brothers Institute. Transactions. Vol. I, 1881-83. 8". Princeton. — E. M. Museum of Geology and Archieology of Princeton College. Bulletin. No. 3, 1883. 8°. St. Louis. — Missouri Historical Society. Publications. No. 7, 1883. 8°. Salem. — Essex Institute. Bulletin. Vol. XIV, 1882. 8°. San Francisco. — California Academy of Sciences. Bulletin. No. 1, 1884. 8°. Washington. — Bureau of Education. Report of the Commissioner of Education. 1880. 8°. Bureau of Ethnography. Annual report. 1,1879-80. 8°. Chief Signal Officer. Annual report. 1879. 8°. Professional papers. No. 1, 2, 3, G, 7, 13, .1881-84. 4°. Surgeon General, U. S. A, Medical and surgical history of the war of the rebellion. Pt. IH, vol. II, 1883. 4". United States Geographical Surrey West of the One Hundredth Meridian. Report. Vol. Ill, supplement, 1881. 4°. Additions to the Lihrary. vii Washington — United States Geological Survey. Annual report. 1,11,1879-80,1880-81. 8". Tertiary history of the Grand Canon district, with atlas, by Clarence Button. 1882. A° and f°. United States Naval Observatory. Astronomical and meteorological observations for 1878, and appendix T. 4". Instructions for observing the transit of Venus, Dec. G, 1882. 4". Worcester. — American Antiquarian Society. Proceedings. No. 73. New series, vol. I. 2, II, III. 1, 1879-84. 8°. Amiens. — Societe Linneenne du Nord de la France. Memoires. Annee 1883. 8°. Bulletin. No. 99-122, 1880-82. 8°. Amsterdam. — Kon. Ahademie van Wetenschappen. Jaarboek, 1880, 1881. 8°. Verslagen en mededeelingen. Afdeel. natuurkunde. 2de reeks. Deel XVI, XVII, 1881-82. 8°. A UGSBURG. — Naturli istorischer Verein. Bericht. XXVII, 1883. 8". AuxERRE. — Societe des Sciences Historiqiies et Naturelles de V Tonne. Bulletin. Tome XXXV. 2, XXXVI, XXXVII. 1, 1881-83. 8°. Tables analytiques. 2« serie, 1867-78. 8°. Bamberg. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Bericht. XII, 1882. 3°. Basel. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen. Theil A"II. 1, 1882. 8^ Batavia. — Kon. NatuurkundigeVereeniging in Nederlandsch- Indie. Natuurkundige tijdschrift. Deel XLI, 1882. 8°. Bergen. — Museum. Nye Alcyonider, Gorgonider og Pennatulider tilhorende til Norges fauna. Ved Johan Keren og D. C. Dauielssen. 1883. 4°. Berlin. — Kdnigl. Sternwarte. Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch. 1885,1886. 8°. Bologna. — Accademia delle Scienze delV Istituto di Bologna. Rendiconto. 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Congres Geologique International. Compte rendu. 2« sess. 1881. 8°. Bombay. — Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Journal. No. XL, XLI, 1882-83. 8°. Bonn. — Naturhistori^cher Verein der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens. Verhandlungen. Jahrg. XXXVIII. 2, XXXIX, XL. 1, 1881-83. 8". Bordeaux. — Academic Nationale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts. Actes. Annee XLII, XLIII, 1878-81. 8°. Table historique et methodiqne, 1712-1875. Documents historiques, 1711-1713. Catalogue des manuscrits de rancienne Academic, 1712-1793. 1879. 8°. Societe Linneenne. Actes. Tome XXXV, XXXVI, 1881-82. 8°. Societe des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. Memoires. 2« ser. Tome IV. 3, V, 1881-83. 8°. viii Additions to the Lilrrary. Bremen. — Natunvissenschaftlicher Verein. Abhandlungen. Bd. YII. 3, YIII. 1, 1882-83. 8°. Breslau. — Schlesische GeseRschaft fur vaterUlndische Cultur. Jahres-Bericht. LIX, LX, 1881-82. 8". Brighton. — Health Congress. Transactions. 1881. 8°. Brunn. — Naturforscher Verein. Verhandlungen. Bd. XTX-XXI, 18S1-82. 8°. Bericlit der nieteorologischen Commission. 1881. 8°. Bruxelles. — Acadhiiie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux- Arts de Bclgique. Memoires. Tome XLIII. 2, XLIV, 1882. 4°. Memoires couronnes et memoires des savants etrangers. Tome XLIV, 1882. 4°. Memoires couronnes et aiitres memoires. Tome XXXI, XXXIII-XXXV, 1881-83. 8°. Bulletins. 2" se'r. Tome L. 3" ser. Tome T-V, 1880-83. Tables generales, 2" ser., t. 21-50. 8°. Annuaire. 1881, 1882, 1883. 8°. Societe Beige de Geographie. Bulletin. Annee V. 5, 6, VI, VII, 1881-83. 8°. Societe Entomologique de Belgique. Annales. Tome XXV-XXVII, 1881-83. 8°. Societe Malacologique de Belgique. Annales. Tome XIV, XVI, XVII, 1879-82. 8°. Societe Royale de Botanique. Bulletin. Tome XXI, XXII, 1883. 8°. Buenos Aires. — Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Anales. Tome I-V, VI. 3, 6, VII. 1-3, 5, 6, VII, TX, X. 1-3, XIII. 4-C, XIV, XV, XVI. 1-3, 5, 6, XVII. 1-5, 1876-84. 8°. Censo general de la proviucia de Buenos Aires. 1883. f.° (2 copies). Sistema de medidas y pesas. 1881. 8°. Rectificacion de medidas de longitud y de superficie de la provincia de Tucuman. 1883. 8°. The Argentine Republic as a field for European emigration. By F. Latzina. 1883. 8°. Caen. — Societe Linneenne de Xorinandie. Bulletin. 3« ser. Tome V, VI, 1880-82. 8°. Calcutta. — Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal. Vol. LT. i, 2-4 and extra no., ii, LII. i, ii, LIII. i, 1, 1882-84. 8°. Proceedings. 1882, no. 3-10 ; 1883; 1884, no. 1. 8". • Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of tlie late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Pt. 2. 1882. 4°. Geological Survey of India. Palieontologia Indica. Series X, vol. ii, iii. 1; XII, vol. iii. 2, 3, iv. 1; XIII, vol. i. 4 (fasc. 1, 2); XIV, vol. i. 3 (fasc. 2); 1881-84. 4°. Memoirs. Vol. XIX, XXII, 1882-83. 8'. Records. Vol. XV, XVI, XVII. 1, 2, 1882-84. 8°, Additions to the Library. ix Calcutta. — Meteorological Department of the Government of India. Indian meteorological memoirs. Vol. I. 6, IL 1, 2, ISSl-S.'). f°. Report on the meteorology of India. 1879, 1880, 1881. f°. ■Report on the administration of the meteorogical department. 1880-81, 1881-82, 1882-83. T. Meteorological observations recorded at six stations in India. 1880 Aiig.- Dec; 1881 Jan., Feb., Oct.-Dec; 1882; 1883. T. CAsrBRiDGE. — Philosophical Society. Transactions. Vol. XIII. 2, 3, 1882-83. 4°. Proceedings. Vol. IV. 2-G, 1881-83. 8°. Cassel. — Verein fiir Natui'kunde. Bericht. XXIX-XXX, 1881-83. 8°. Catania. — Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali. Atti. Ser. III. Tomo XVI, 1882. 4°. Chapultepec. — Observatorio Astronomico. Annuario. 1883. 8°. Chemnitz. — Naturwissenschaftliche Geseltschaft. Bericht. VII, VIII, 1878-82. 8°. Cherbourg. — Societe Nixtionale des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires. Tome XXIII, 1881. 8°. Catalogue la bibliotheque. 1''' partie. 2'' ed. 1881. 8°. Christiania. — Norwegische Commission der Europdischen Gradmessung. Geodatische Arbeiten. Heft I-III, 1880-82. 4°. Vandstands observationer. Heft I, II, 1882. Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 187G-78. Report. VI-X, 1882-83. 4°. Chur. — Naturforschende Geseltschaft Grauhiindens. Jahresbericht. Neue Folge. Jahrg. XXV, XXVI, 1880-81, 1881-82. 8", GovtoOB X. — Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Actas. Tomo V. 1. Buenos Aires, 1884. 4°, Boletin. Tomo VI. 1, 1884. 8°. Danzig. — Naturforschende Geseltschaft. Schriften. Neue Folge. Bd. V. 3, 4, 1882-83. 8°. Dijon. — Academic des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres. Memoires. 3« ser. Tome VII, 1881-82. 8°. DORPAT. — Gelehrte Estnische Geseltschaft. Sitzungsberichte. 1882, 1883. 8°. Verhandlungen. Bd. XI, 1883. 8°. Naturforscher- Geseltschaft. Archiv fiir die Naturkunde Liv-Ehst- und Kurlands. Ser. I. Bd. IX. 1, 2. Ser. II. Bd. VIII. 4, 1882. 8°. Sitzungsberichte. Bd. VI. 1, 1881. 8°. Dresden. — Naturwissenschaftliche Geseltschaft Isis. Sitzungsberichte. 1881 Juli-Dec, 1882, 1883. 8°. Verein fiir Erdkunde. Jahresbericht. XVIII-XX, 1880-83. 8°. Dublin. — Eoyal Geologiccd Society of Ireland. Journal. Vol. XVI. 2, 1881-82. 8°. X Additions to the Lihrary. Dublin. — Boyal Irish Academy. Transactions. Vol. XXVII. 5, XXVIII. 6-13, 1881-83. 4°. Proceedings. Ser. II. Vol. II. 4, III. 9, 10, 1882-83. 8°. Edinburgh. — Geological Society. Transactions. Vol. I, II. 1, IV. 2, 1868-72. 8°. Royal Society. Proceedings. Session 1880-81. 8°. Emden. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Jahresbericlit. LXVIII, 1882-83. 8'. Erfurt. — Konigl. Akademie gemeinnutzvjer Wissenscliaften. Jahrbiicher. Neue Folge. Heft XI, 1882. 8°. Falmouth. — Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. Annual report. XLIX, 1881. 8°. FiRENZE. — R. Istituto di Siudi Siiperiori. Puliblicazioni: Sezione di filosofia e filologia. II commento medio di Averroe alia Retorica di Aristotele, pul). dal Prof. F. Lasinio. Fasc. 2, 3, 1877-78. 8°. Intorno ad alcuni luoghi della Ifigenia in Anlide di Euripide. Osservarioni dlG. Vitelli. 1877. 8°. La ribellione di Masacado e di Sumitomo. Testo Giapponese riprodotto e tradotto da L. Nocentini. 1878. 2 pts. 8°. Del papiro. Memoira del Prof. C. Paoli. 1878. 8°. II mito di Filottete. Studio monografico di L. A. Milani. 1879. 8'. — Sezione di scienze fisiche e naturali. Sulla teoria fisica dell' elettrotono nei nervi. Esperienze del Dott. A. Eccher. 1877. 8°. Sulle forze elettromotrici sviluppate dalle soluzioni saline. Del Dott. A. Eccher. 1878. 8°. II globo celeste Arabico del secolo XI uel gabinetto del E. Istituto, illus- trato da F. Meucci. 1878. 8°. Ricerche sulle formole di costituzione dei composti ferriei. Parte I. Nota del Dott. D. Tommasi. 1879. 8°. Ancora suUa Polimelia nei Batraci anuri. Sopra alcuni visceri del Gallo cedrone. Del Dott. G. Cavanna. 1879. 8". Frankfurt a. M. — Deutsche malakologische Gesellschaft. Nachrichtsblatt. Jahrg. XIV. 8-12, XV, XVI. 1-5, 1882-84. 8". Senckenhergische naturforschende Gesellschaft. Abhandlungen. Bd. XII. 3, 4, XIII. 1-3, 1881-84. 4°. Bericht. 1880-81, 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Frauenfeld. — Thurgauische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Mittheilungen. Heft V, VI, 1882-84. 8°. Freiburg i. Br. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Berichte. Bd. VIII. 1, 1882. 8". Festschrift der sechs und fiinfzigsten Vorsamnilung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte gewidmet. 1883. 8°. GENifeVE. — Institut National Genevois. Bulletin. Tome XXIV, 1882. 8°. Societe de Physique et d'llistoire Naturelle. M^moires. Tome XXVII. 2, XXVIII. 1, 1881-83. 4°. Additions to the Library. xi GiESSEN. — Oberhessische Gesellscliaft fur Natur- und Heilkunde. Bericht. XXI, XXII, 1882-83. 8°. Glasgow. — Natural History Society. Proceedings. Vol. I, 11, III. 1, 3, IV. 1, V. 1, 2, 1859-82. 8°. Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Vol. XIII. 2, XIV, 1881-83. 8°. GoTEBORG. — Kongl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhdlle. Handlingar. Ny tidsf. Haft. XVII, XVIII, 1882. 8°. GoTTiNGEN. — Konigl. Gesellscliaft der Wissenschaften. Nachrichten. 1882, 1883. 8°. Koniglkhe Sternwarte. Kliukerfues'sche Constanten zur Reduction auf den scheinbaren Ort fiir die mittleren Tage 1884, berechnet von H. Kobold. 1883. 8°. Greifswald. — Geographische Gesellschaft. Jahresbericht. I, 1882-83. 8°. Halifax. — Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science. Proceedings and transactions. Vol. VI. 1, 1882-83. 8°. Halle. — Kais. Leopoldinisch- Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Natiirforscher. Leopoldina. Heft XVII, 1881. 4°. Na turforschende Gesellschaft. Abhandlungen. Bd. XV. 2-4, XVI. 1, 1881-83. 4°. Bericht, 1880, 1881, 1882. 4°. Naiurwissenschaftlicher Verein filr Sachsen und Thilringen. Zeitschrift fiir die gesammten Natvn-wissenscliaften. Bd. LIV, LV, LVI. 1-5, 1881-83. 8°. Hamburg. — Deutsche Seewarte. Monatliche Uebersicht der Witterung. 1882 Jan.-Juni, Sept.-Dez.; 1883. 8°. Hamburg-Altoxa. — Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. Verhandlungen. Neue Folge. No. I, II, 1875-77. 8°. Abhandlungen. Bd. V. 1, VII. 2, 1866-73. 4°. Hannover. — Naturhistorische Gesellschaft. Jahresbericht. XXXI, XXXII, 1877-80, 1880-82. 8°. Harlem. — Musee Teykr. Archives. Vol. III. 1-3, V. 1 ; serie II, pt. 1, 2 ; 1874-82. 8°. Societe Neerlandaise des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles. Archives. Tome XVII, XVIII. 1-3, 5, XIX. 1, 1882-84. 8°. Heidelberg. — Naturh istorisch-medicinischer Verein. Verhandlungen. Neue Folge. Bd. III. 2, 1882. 8°. Helsingfors. — Societas Scientiarum Fennica. Acta. Tom. XII, 1883. 4°. Ofversigt af forhandlingar. XXIII, XXIV, 1880-82. 8=. Bidrag till karmedom af Finlands natur och folk. Haft. XXXV-XXXVIII, 1881-82. 8°. Observations meteorologiques. Vol. VIII, 1880. 8°. Katalog ofver societetens bibliothek. 1881. 8°. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Notiser. Haft. VIII, 1882. 8°. Hermannstadt. — Siebenburgischer Verein fiir Naturiuissenschaften. Verhandlungen und MittheUungen. Jahrg. XXXII-XXXIV, 1882-84. 8°. xii Additions to the Lihixiry. HOBART Town. — Royal Society of Tasmania.. Papers and proceedings and report. 1880,1881. 8°. Jena. — Medicin isch-naturwissenschaftliche Gesellsch o/t. Jenaische Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaft. Bd. XY. i, XVI, XVII. 1, 2, 1881-84. 8°. Sizungsberichte. 1881, 1882. 8°. Kiel. — Natunuissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schleswig-Uolstein. Schriften. Bd. IV. 2, V. i, 1882-83. 8". Universitdt. Schriften. Bd. XXVIII, 1881-82. 4°. Dissertationen (40). 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Kjobenhavn. — Kon. Banske Videnskabernes Selskab. Oversigt over forhandlinger. 1881, iii, 1882, 1883, i. 8°. KoNiGSBERG. — Konigl. pfiysikalisch-okonomische Gesellschaft. Schriften. Jahrg. XXI. 2, XXII, XXIII, 1880-82. 4°. Krakow. — K. k. Sterniuarte. Materyaly do klimatografii Galicyi. Rok 1881, 1882. 8°. Lausanne. — Sociele Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin. 2'' ser. No. 85-89, 1881-83. 8°. Leeds. — Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yoi-kshire. Proceedings. New series. Vol. VIIL 1, 2, 1882-84. 8°. Leiden. — Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging. Tijdschrift. Deel VI. 1, supplement I. 1, 1882-83. 8°. Leipzig. — Astronomische Gesellschaft. Vierteljahrsschrift. Jahrg. XVII. 1, 3, 4, XVIII, XIX. 1, 1882-84. 8". Publication. XVII, 1883. 4°. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Sitzungsberichte. Jahrg. VIII, IX, 1881-82. 8°. Zoologischer Anzeiger. No. 115-171, 1882-84. 8°. Ll^GE. — Societe Oeologique de Belgique. Annales. Tome VII, VIII, 1879-81. 8'. Societe Royale des Sciences. Memoires. 2" ser. Tome X and supplement, 1883. 8° and 4°. LiNZ. — Museum Frajicisco- Carolinum. Bericht. XLI, 1882. 8°. LiSBOA. — Academia Real das Sciencias. Classe de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturacs. Memorias. N. S. Tomo V. 2, VL 1, 1878-81. 4°. Classe de sciencias raoraes, politicas e bellas-lettras. Ilistoria e mcuiorias. N. S. Tomo V. 1, 1879. 4°. Sessao publica. 9 Jimho, 1880. 8°. Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas o naturaes. No. 24-32, 1877-82. 8". Shakespeare, W. Hamlet ; Mercado de Veneza. Traduc^lo de Bulhao Pato. 1879-81. 8°. Ribeiro, J. S. Don Pedro Caldcron de la Barca. 1881. 8^. Barros Arana, D. de. Vida e viagens de Fernao de Magalhaes. 1881. 8°. Fiealho, Conde de. Flora dos Lusiadas. 1880. 8°. Motta, E. A. Elemeutos de liistologia geral e histophysiologia. 1880. 8°. Additions to the Lihrary. xiii LiSBOA. — Sociedade de Geographia. Boletin. Serie II. 11, 12, III. 1-10, 12, IV. 1-5, 1882-84. 8°. Expedigao scientifica a serra da Estrella. Secgao de Archeologia. Relatbrio do Sr. Dr. F. M. Sarmento. 1883. 4°. Secgao de Botanica. Relatorio do Sr. Dr. J. A. Henriques. 1883. 4". Sec^ao de Meteorologia. Relatorio do Sr. A. C. da Silva. 1883. 4°. Sec9ao de Medicina (Hjdrologia Minera-Medicina). Relatorios dos Srs. Drs. L. Torres e J. A. Medina. 1883. 4°. (Ophthalmologia). Relatorio do Sr. Dr. F. L. da Fonseea, Jr. 1883. 4°. A questao do meridiaao universal. 1883. 8'. La question du Zaire. Le Portugal et la traite des noirs. 1883. 8°. La question d'u Zaire. Lettre a M. Behagel par M. L. Cordeiro. 1 883. 8°. La question du Zaire. Droits de Portugal. 1883. 8°. Stanley's first opinions. Portugal and the slave trade. 1883. 8°. Direitos de padroado de Portugal em Africa. 1883. 8°. Terrenes adjacentes aos rios Zambeze e Chire. Mappa coordenado por A. de Moraes Sarmento. 2 sheets. Liverpool. — Literary and Philoso]}liical Society. Proceedings. No. XXXV-XXXVII, 1880-83. 8°. London. — Geological Society. Quarterly journal. Vol. XXXVIII. 3, 4, XXXIX, XL. 1, 2, 1882-84. 8°. List. 1883. 8". Linnean Society. Journal. Zoology, no. 8G-100 ; Botany, no. 114-129. 1881-83. 8°. List, 1882. 8°. Mathematical Society. Proceedings. No. 184-188, 191-218, 1881-83. 8°. Royal Meteorological Society. Quarterly journaL New series. No. 41-50, 1882-84. 8°. Meteorological record. 1881, no. 1, 2. 8°. List of fellows. 1882. 8". Royal Historical Society. Transactions. Vol X. New series. Vol. I. 1, 4, II. 1, 1882-84. 8°. Royal Microscopical Society. JournaL Ser. II. Vol. 11. 4-6, III. 1-4, 6, IV. 1-3, 1882-84. 8". Royal Society. Philosophical transactions. Vol. CLXXII. 3, CLXXIII, CLXXIV. 1, 1881-83. 4". Proceedings. No. 214-226, 1881-83. 8°. List of council and members. 1881, 1882. 4°. LtJNEBURG. — NaturwissenschaftliclierVerein. Jahreshefte. Vni, 1879-82. 8°. Lund. — Universitet. Ars-Skriit. Tom. XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII. 2, 1878-82. 4°. Universitets-biblioteks accessions-katalog. 1879, 1880, 1881. 8°. Lyon. — Academic des Scieiices, Belles- Lettres et Arts. Memoires. Classe des sciences. Tome XXV, 1881-82. 8°. Classe des lettres. Tome XX, 1881-82. 8°. B xiv Additions to the Lilnxiry. Lyon. — Musee Gtdmet. Annales. Tome IV, Y, YI, 1882-84. 4°. Revue de I'histoire des religions. Annee II. 5, G, III, lY. 1-5, 1881-83. 8°. Catalogue du musee. 1"' parlie. 1883. 16°. Madrid. — Comision del Mapa Geologico de Espana. Boletin. Tomo IX, X, 1882-83. 8^ Memorias. Descripcion fisica, geologica y miuera de la proviucia de Barce- lona. Por D. Jose Maureta y D. Silvino Thos y Codina. 1881. 8°. Descripcion fisica geologica y agrologica de la provincia de Yalen- cia. Por Daniel de Cortazar y Manuel Pato. 1882. 8°. Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural. Anales. Tomo XII, XIII. 1, 1883-84. 8°. Marburg. — Gesellschaft zur Beforderung der gesammten Naturwissenschofien. Sitzuugsbericlite. Jahrg. 1880-83. 8". Metz. — Academie. Memoires. Annee LX, LXI, 1878-79, 1870-80. 8°. Mexico. — Museo Nacional. Anales. Tomo II. 7, III. 1-5, 1882-83. T. Revista cientifica Mexicana. Tomo I. 20-25, II. 1, 1882-83. 4°. Ministerio de Fomento. Anales. Tomo YII, 1882. 8°. Boletin. Tomo YII. 23-124, YIII, IX. 1-64, 1882-84. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica. Boletin. Epoca III. Tomo I, II. 1-4, 7, 1873-75. 8°. Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Naturael. La naturaleza. Tomo V. 9, 10, 19, YI. 1-16, 18-20, 1881-83. 4°. MiDDELBURG. — Zeeuwscli Genootschap der Wetenschappen. Arcliief. Deel Y. 2, 1881. 8°. Catalogus der bibliotheek. 2''" druk. L 1882. 8°. MiLANO. — Real Istituto Lomhardo di Scienze e Lettere. Rendiconto. Serie IL Yol. XIY, XY, 1882. 8°. Real Osservatorio di Brera. Pubblicazioni. No. YII. 1, XY, XX, XXI, XXIII, 1880-83. 4°. Schiaparelli, G. Y. Misure di alcune stelle doppie. 1882. 8°. Societd Italiana di Scienze Naturali. Atti. Yol. XXIL 3, 4, XXIII, 1880-81. 8°. MODENA. — Regia Accademia delle Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Memorie. Tomo XX. Serie II. Tomo I. 1880-83. 4°. Societd dei Naturalisti. Annuario. Anno XY, 1882. 8°. Atti. Anno XYI, 1883. 8°. MONTPELLIER. — Academie des Sciences et Lettres. Memoires. Section des lettres. Tome YII. 1, 1882. 4°. Section des sciences. Tome X. 2, 1881. 4°. Montreal. — Geological Survey of Canada. Report of progress, 1880-81-82, with maps. 8°. Natural History Society. The Canadian record of natural history and geology. Yol. I. 1, 1884. 8°. Additions to the Library. xv Moscou. — Societe Imperiale des Kaiui-alistes. Nouveaux memoires. Tome XIV. 2, 1881. 4°. Bulletin. 1881 ii-iv, 1882, 1883 i, ii. 8". Table generale et systematique des matieres. 1829-1881. 8°. Meteorologische Beobachtungen am Observatorium der landwirth. Akademie zn Moskaii. Jahrg. 1882. 4°. MuNCHEN. — Kon. hayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte. Philosoph.-philolog. und liistor. Classe. 1881 Bd. II. 4, 5; 1882; 1883. 8°. Mathemat.-physikal. Classe. 1882 Heft 2-5 ; 1883. 8°. Churfurst Maximilian I von Bayern. Festrede von F. Stieve. 1882. 4°. Gedaclitnissrede auf Otto Hesse, von Gustav Bauer. 1882. 4°. Ueber die Methoden in der botanischen Systematik. Festrede von L. Radlkofer. 1883. 4°. Ueber Herkunft uud Sprache der transgangetischen Volker. Festrede von E. Kuhn. 1883. 4°. Gedachtnissrede auf Karl von Halm, von E. Wolfflin. 1883. 4°. Kmigliche Sternwarte. Annalen. Bd. I-VI; Supplbd. I-IV, 1848-G9. 8°. Meteorologische und magnetische Beobachtungen. Jahrg. 1881, 1882. 8°. MuxSTER. — Westfalischer Provincial - Verein. Jahresbericht. XI, 1882. 8°. Napoli. — R. Accademia delle Scienze Fisiclie e Matematiche. Atti. Vol. VII-IX, 1878-82. 4°. Rendiconto. Anno XV-XXII, 1876-82. 4°. Societd Africana d^ Italia. BoUetino. Anno I. 3, 5, 6, 1882. 8°. Zoologische Station. Mittheilungen. Bd. I, III. 3, 4, IV. 1-3, 1878-83. 8°. Neu Brandenburg. — Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg. Archiv. Jahrg. XXXIV-XXXVII, 1881-83. 8°. Neuchatel. — Societe des Sciences Naturelles. BuUetin. Tome XII. 3, XIII, 1882-83. 8°. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. — North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers. Transactions. Vol. I, II, VIII-XVII, XIX, XX, XXII-XXXII, XXXIII. 1-5, 1852-84. 8°. Illustrations of fossil plants, being an autotype reproduction of selected drawings prepared under the direction of the late Dr. Lindley and Mr. W. Hutton. Edited by G. A. Lebour. 1877. 8°. Catalogue of the Hutton collection of fossil plants. By G. A. Lebour. 1878. An account of the strata of Northumberland and Durham, as proved by borings and sinkings. A-E. 1878-81. 2v. 8°. Ottawa. — Royal Society of Canada. Proceedings and transactions. Vol. I, 1882-83. 4°. Paris. — ^cote Poly technique. Journal. Cahier 50-53, 1881-83. 4°. Societe cV Acclimatation. Bulletin. 3« ser. Tome IX. 5-12, X. 2-9, 12, XI. 1-4, 1882-84. 8°. xvi Additions to the Lihrary. Paris. — Societe GSologique de France. Bulletin. 3« ser. Tome VII. 11, X. 1-G. XI. 1-7, XII. 1-3, 1879-84. 8°. Societe Matlmnatique de France. Bulletin. Tome X. 4r-7, XL 1, 2, 4, XII. 1, 1882-84. 8°. Penzance. — Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Transactions. Vol. X. 4-6, 1882-84. 8°. Catalogue of the library. Plymouth, 1882. 8°. Pisa. — Societd Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Memorie. Vol. V. 2, VI. 1, 1883-84. 8°. Processi verbali. Vol. HI. pp. 137-196, 273-290, IV. pp. 1-70, 1882-84. 8°. Potsdam. — Astrophysikalisches Observatorium. Publicationen. Bd. Ill, 1883. 4°. Prag. — Kon. bohmische Gesellschaft der Wissenscha/ten. Abhandlungen. 6te Folge. Bd. XI, 1882. 4°. Sitzungsberichte. 1881. 8°. Jahresbericht. 1881. 8°. K. k. Siermuarte. Astronomische, magnetische uud meteorologische Beobachtuiigen. Jalirg. XLIII, XLIV, 1882-83. 4". Pulkova. — Nicolai-Hauptsiernwarte. Jahresbericht. 1882. 8°. Quebec. — Literary and Historical Society. Transactions. Session 1882-83. 8°. Regensburg. — Zoologisch-mineralogisclierVerein. Correspondenz-Blatt. Jahrg. XXXV, XXXVI, 1881-82. 8°. Historischer Verein von Oberj)falz und Regensburg. Verhandluugen. Bd. XXXVI, XXXVII, 1882-83. 8°. Riga. — Katur f or scher Verein. Correspondenzblatt. Jahrg. XXV, 1882. 8^ Rio de Janeiro. — Instituto Historico, Geographico e Ethnographico do Brasil. Revista trimensal. Tomo XLIV, XL V, 1882. 8°. Museu Nacional. Archivos. Vol. III. 3, 4, IV, V, 1878-80. 4°. Roma. — Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Atti. Serie II. Vol. V-VIII, 1875-77. 4°. Serie III. Memorie della classe di scienze niorali, storiche e filologichc. Vol. VI, VII, IX, 1880-81. 4°. Memorie della classe di scienze lisiche, matematiche e naturali. Vol. IX-XIIT, 1880-82. 4°. Transunti. Vol. VI. 13, 14, VII, VIII. 1-6, 9-12, 1882-84. 4°. Reale Comitato Geologico d^Italia. Bolletino. Vol. I, II, IX-XIII, 1871-81. 8°. Societd Raliana delle Scienze. Memorie di matematica e di lisica. Ser. 111. Tomo III, 1879. 4°. RoTTKRDAM. — Bataavscli Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte. Nieuwe Verhandehngen. 2de reeks. Doel III. 1, 1882. 4°. St. Gallen. — Naturwissenschaflliche Gesellschaft. Bcricht. 1880-81, 1881-82. 8°. Additions to the Lihrary. xvii St. Petersburg. — Uwtus Petropolitanvs. Acta. Tom. VIII, 1883. 8°. Imp. Buss. Geograf. Obshtchestvo. Izviestiya. Tom. XVII. 3, 4, XVIII. 1-4, 1881-82. 8°. Otchet. God 1881, 1882. 8°. Kais. Akademie der Wissenschafkn. Repertorium der Meteorologie. Bd. V^III, 1883. 4°. Fhysikalisches Centralohservatorium. Annalen. Jahrg. 1881, 1882, i. 4°. Schweizerische naturforschende Gesellschaft. VerhandluDgen. Jahresversammlung LXIV, LXV, 1881-82. 8°. Stockholm — Enlomologisk Forening. Entomologisk tidskrift. Arg. II-IV, 1881-83. 8°. Kong. SvenskaVeteiiskaps Akademien. Handlingar. Ny foljd. Bd. XIV. 2, XV-XVII, 1876-79. 4°. Bihang. Bd. IV, V, 1876-80. 8°. Ofversigt. Arg. XXXIV-XXXVII, 1877-80. 8°. Meteorologiska iagttagelser. Bd. XVII-XIX, 1875-77. 4°. Lefnadsteckningar. Bd. II. 1, 1878. 8°. Minnesteckning ofver Carlander, Bjerken, Hallenberg, Linne, Sundevall. 8°. Stuttgart. — Verein filr vaterldndische Nhturkunde in Wiirttemberg. Jahreshefte. Jahrg. XXXVIII, XXXIX, 1882-83. 8". Sydney. — Observatory. Results of double star measures, 1871-81. 8°. Results of rain and river observations, 1882. 8°. The spectrum and appearance of the recent comet. By H. C. Russell. 1881. 8". Anniversary address before the Royal Society of New South Wales, 3 May, 1882. By H. C. Russell. 8°. Royal Society of Neiu South Wales. Journal and proceedings. Vol. XV, 1881. 8°. Annual report of the department of mines, New South Wales. 1881. 4°. The minerals of New South Wales. By A. Liversidge. 2d ed. 8°. New South Wales in 1881. 2d issue. 8". Throndhjem. — Kon. Nmske Videnskabers Selskab. Skrifter. 1881. 8°. TOKIO. — University. Calendar. 1881-82. 8°. Memoirs of the science department. No. 9, 1883. 8°. Toronto. — Canadian Institute. Canadian journal of industry, science and art. New series. Vol. IV-XV, 1859-78. Proceedings. Vol. I, II. 1, 2, 1879-84. Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada. Report. 1881. Ottawa, 1883. 8°. Toulouse. — Academic des Sciences, Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres. Memoires. 8« ser. Tome IV, V, 1882-83. 8°. Societe d'Histoire Naturelle. Bulletin. Annee XV, XVI, 1881-82. 8°. xviii Additions to the Lihi'ary. Upsala. — Regia Societas Scientiarum. Nova acta. Ser. III. Vol. XI, 1881-83. 4°. Utrecht. — Kon. Nederlandsch Meteorologisch Instituut. Nederlandsch meteorologish jaarboek. 1881, 1882. 4°. Provincial Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. Verslag van het verhandelde in de algemeene vergadering. 1881. 8°. Aanteekeuingen van het verliandelde in de seetie-vergaderingen. 1880-81. 8°. Venezia. — Istituto Ventto di Scienze, Leltere ed Arti. Atti. Ser. V. Vol. VI. 10, VII. 10 and appendice, VIII. Ser. VI. Vol. I. 1-3. 1880-83. 8°. Vicenza. — Accademia Olimpica. Atti. 1879, 1880. 8°. Terzo centenario di Andrea Palladio. Discorso di C. Boito, 29 Agosto. 1880. 8°. WiEN. — Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte. Mathemat.-naturwiss. Classe. Abth I. Bd. LXXXIII. 5, LXXXIV-LXXXVII, 1881-83. 8°. K. k. Central- Anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus. Jahrbiieher. Neue Folge. Bd. XV. 2, XVI. 2, XVII, XVIII. 1, 1878-81. 4°. A', k. geologische Reichsanstalt. Abliandlungen. Bd. VII. 6, X, XII. 3, 1882. 4°. Jahrbuch. Bd. XXXII, XXXIII, XXXIV. 1, 1882-84. 8°. Verhandlungen. Jahrg. 1882, 1883, 1884, No. 1-3. 8°. K. k. zoologisch-botanische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen. Bd. XXXI, XXXII, 1881-82. 8°. Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fiir Meteorologie. Zeitschrift. Bd. XVII. 7-12, XVIII. 2-12, XIX. 1-7, 1882-84. 8°. Wiesbaden. — Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde. Jahrbiieher. Jahrg. XXXIII-XXXVI, 1881-83. 8°. WURZBURG. — Physikalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft. Sitzungsberichte. Jahrg. 1881, 1882. 8". Annual addresses before the American Academy of Medicine, 1879, 1881-83. 8°. Fro7n R. J. Dunglison, M.D. Ballard, R. The solution of the pyramid problem. Nev;' York, 1882, 8°. From the Author. Barraude, J. Acephales. fitudes locales et comparatives. Prague, 1881. 8°. From the Author. Carvill, L. H. The great terminal moraine across Pennsylvania. Salem, 1882. 8°. From the Authw. Clapp, H. C. Is consumption contagious, and can it be transmitted by means of food? 2d ed. Boston, 1882. 12°. From Mr. R. J. Everett. Dimmock, G. The anatomy of the mouth-parts and sucking apparatus of some diptera. Boston, 1881. 8". Special bibliography. Nos. 1-3. 8°. Seven entomological papers. Cambridge, 1877-79. 8". fVom the Author. Additions to the LihTary. xix Bibliotheca historico-naturalia et mathematica. Lager-Catalog von R. Friedlander & Sohn. Berlin, 1883. 8". Fi-om Messrs. E. F)-iedlander & Sohn. Gauchez, V. Conference sur rapplication dii raonvement de la roer. Bruxelles, 1881. 8°. From the Author. Gilpin, E., Jr. The gold fields of Nova Scotia. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1882. 8°. Report of the department of mines, Nova Scotia, for 188.3. Halifax, 1884. From Mr. E. Gilpin, Jr. Mason, J. J., M.D. Minute structure of the central nervous system of certain reptiles and batrachians of North America. Illustrated by permanent photo-micrographs. Series A. Newport, 1879-82. 4°. From the Author. The palaeontologist. No. 6. Cincinnati, 1882. 8°. F-om Mr. U. P. James, the Editor. Newberry, J. S. The origin of carbonaceous matter in bituminous shales. 1883. 8°. Physical conditions under which coal was formed. 1883. 8°. Fro77i the Authm: Newlands, J. A. R. On the discovery of the periodic law and on relations among the atomic weights. London, 1884. 8°. From the Author. Saussure, H. de. Coup d'oeil sur I'hydrologie du Mexique. 1'^ partie. Geneve, 1862. 8°. From the Author. Smyth, C. Piazzi. Madeira spectroscopic. Edinburgh, 1882. 4°. Madeira meieorologic. Edinburgh, 1882. 4°. From the Author. Watson, S. Contributions to American botany. XL Boston, 1883. 8°. Froyn the Author. Zincken, C. F. Die Fortschritte der Geologie der Tertiarkohle, Kreidekohle, Jurakohle und Triaskohle. Leipzig, 1878. 8°. , From the Author. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY OK TllK Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, By Gift and Exchange, fkom Aug. 1, 1884, to July 1, 1885. Albany. — New York State Library. Aunual report. LXIV, LXV, 1882-83. 8°. New York State Museum of Natural History. Annual report. XXVIII, XXXIlI-XXXVll, 1879-84. 8". Annapolis. — United States Naval Institute. Proceedings. Vol. X. 4, XI. 1, 2, 1884-85. 8". Baltimore. — Johns Hopkins Unicersity. American chemical journal. Vol. VI. 3-6, VII. 1, 1884-85. 8°. Studies from the biological lal. oratory. Vol. III. 2, 3, 1884-85. 8°. Boston. — Amateur Scientific Society. Science observer. Vol. IV. 9-11, 1884-85. 8°. Society of Natural History. Memoirs. Vol. III. 10, 11, 1884-85. 4°. Proceedings. Vol. XXII. 4, 1883. 8°. Brooklyn. — Entomological Society. Bulletin. Vol. I-VII, 1878-84. 8". Entomologica Americana. Vol. I. 1, 2, 1885. 8 . Papilio. Vol. I-III. New York, 1881-83. 8°. Cambridge. — Harvard College. Annual report of the president and treasurer. 1883-84. 8°. Astronomical Observatory of Harvaj-d College. Annals. Vol. XIV. 2. 1885. 4°. — '■ Museum of Comparative Zoology. Memoirs. Vol. IX. 3, XI. 1, XII, XIII, 1884.. 4'. Bulletin. Vol. VII. 2-11, XL 10, 1881-84. 8". Annual report. 1883-84. 8°. Entomological Club. Psyche. No. 121-129, 1884. 8°. Champaign. — Illinois State Labm-atory of Natural History. Bulletin. Vol. II. 1, 1884. 8°. Chic A go. — Dearborn Observatory. Annual report. ' 1884. 8". The American antiquarian and oriental journal. Vol. VI. 5, 0, VII. 1-3, 1884- 85. 8°. Cincinnati. — Society'jof Natural History. Journal. Vol. VII. 3, 4, VIII. L 1884-85. 8°. c xxii Addition.^ to the Library. DAVENPOiiT. — Academy of Natural Sciences. A vindication of the elephant pipes and iuscrilied tat»lets in the museum of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences from the accusations of the Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles E. Put- nam. 1885. 8°. Denver. — Colorado Scientific Society. The artesian wells of Denver. 1884. 8°. Dks Moines. — Academy of Science. 15ulletin. Vol. I. 1, I88r,. 8". Madison. — Washhunie Ohsenxitory. I'uhlications. Vol. II, 1884. 8". Meh IDEN. — Scientific Association. Transactions. Vol. I, 1884. 8°. MiNNEAi'OLis. — Geokxjical and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. Annual report. I (2d ed.), X, XII, 1872-83. 8°. New York. — American Geographical Society. Journal. Vol. I, II. 1, III-XIII, 1859-81. 8°. Bulletin. Vol. I (1852), II (1856), 1882, 1883, 1884 i-iv. 8°. American Museum of Natural History. Annual report. XVI, 1884-85. Linnean Society. Transactions. Vol. II, 1884. 8". Torrey Botanical Club. Bulletin Vol. XI. 7-12, XII. 1-5, 1884-85. 8°. Pawtucket.— The Ornithologist and Oologist. Vol. X. 1-G, 1885. %\ Philadelphia. — Franklin Institute. Journal. Vol. CXVIII. 2-G, CXIX, CXX. 1, 1884-85. 8°. PouGHKEEPSiE. — Vassar Brothers Institute. Transactions. Vol. II, 1883-84. 8". St. Louis. — Academy of Science. Transactions. Vol. IV. 3, 1884. 8". Salem. — Essex Institute. Bulletin. Vol. XV. 1-6, 10-12, XVI. 1-3, 7-12, 1883-84. 8°. San Francisco. — California Academy of Sciences. Bulletin. No. 2, 3, 1885. 8°. Springfield. — Illinois Department of Ayricidture. Transactions. Vol. XVII, 1880. 8. Circular 118, 120, 122, 1885. 8°. Washington. — Bureau of Education. Report of the Commissioner of Education. 1881, 1882-83. ^". Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution Annual report. 11,1880-81. 8". Chief Signal Officer. Annual report. 1883. 8°. Professional papers. No. XV, XVI, 1884-85. 4°. U. S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. Contributions to North American ethnology. Vol. V, 1882. k". United States Geological Survey. Annual report. Ill, 18H1-82. 8°. Additions to the Library. xxiii Washington. — United States Geological Survey. Monographs. Vol. III-VII, 1882-84. 4°. Bulletin. No. 1-6, 1883-84. 8°. Mineral resources of the United States. By Albert Willinnis, Jr. 188:!. 8°. United States Naval Observatory. Astronomical and meteorological oljservations lor 1880. 4°. Worcester. — American Antiquarian Society. Proceedings. New series, vol. III. 2, 3, 1884. 8'\ Amsterdam. — Kon. Akademie van Wetenschappen. Jaarboek, 1882. 8". Verslagen en mededeelingen. Afdeel. natuurkunde. 2de reeks. Deal XTIIT, 1883. 8°. AuXERRE. — Societe des Sciences Historiqaes et Naturelles de I'Yonne. Bulletin. Tome XXXVII. 2, XXXVIII, 1883-84. 8". Bamberg. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Bericht. XIII, 1883. 8". Basel. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen. Theil VII. 2 and Anhang, 1884. 8°. Batavia. — Kon. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch- Indie. Natuurkundige tijdschrift. Deel XLII, 1883. 8". Berlin. — Konigl. Sternwarte. Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch. 1887. 8°. Bern. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Mittheilungen. No. 1064-1082, 1883-84. 8". Bologna. — Accademia delle Scienze delV fstituto di Bologna. Rendiconto. 1884-85. 8". Bombay. — Bombay Branch of the Royal A.siatic Society. Journal. No. XLII, XLIV, 1883. 8^ Government Observatory. Magnetical and meteorological observations. 1879-82 and appendix, 1883. 4°. Bonn. — Natnrhistorischer Verein der preusswchen Rhcinlande und Westphalens. Verhandlungen. Jahrg. XL. 2, XLI, 188.3-84. 8°. Bremen. — NaturwiAsenschaftlicher Verein. Abhandlungen. Bd. VIIL 2, IX. 1, 1884-85. 8 . Bresi.au. — Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir vater Hindis che OuUur. Jahres-Bericht. LXI, 1883. 8°. B RiJNN. — Naturforscher Verein. Verhandlungen. Bd. XXII, 1883. 8". Bericht der meteorologischen Commission. 1882. 8°. Bruxelles. — Observatoire Royal. Annales. Nouv. ser. Annales astronomiques. Tome III, IV, V. 1. 2, 1880- 84. 4°. Annales meteorologiqnes. Tome I, 1881. 4°. Observations meteorologiques faites aux stations internationales do la Be!- giqne et des Pays-Bas. Annee TT-IV, 1878-80. 4". Diagrammes du meteorographe Van Rysselberghe. Annee, 1879-83. f°. Annuaire. Annee XLVII-LI, 1880-84. 16°. xxiv Additions to the Library. P.RtTXELT.ES — Ohservatoire Royal. Ribliographie gonerale de rastronomio. Par J. (!. ITouzeau et A. Lancaster. Tome II, 1882. 8". Vade-mocum do rastroiiomie. Par J. C. flotizcau. 1882. 8°. Exposition critique de la mothodc de Wroiiski pour la rc'solntion dos proh- lemes de mecanique c61este. 1" partie. 1882. 4. Musee d'Hisioire Naturelle. Bulletin. Tome III. 1-3, 1884. 8". Societe Boy ale Beige de Geograjihie. Bulletin. Annee VIIT, 1884. 8'. Societe Malacologique de Belgique. Annales. Tome XVIII, 1883. 8°. Societe Roy ale de Botanique. Bulletin. Tome XXIII, 1884. 8°. Universite. L'Univor.site de BrnxolleH, 1834-1884. Notice historicjue. Par. L. Vander- kindere. 1884. 8°. Buenos Aires. — Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Anales. Tome VI. 2, VII. 4, XIV. 4, XIX. 1-3, 1878-85. 8°. Calcutta. — Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal. Vol. LIII, pt. i, no. 2 and special no.; pt. ii, no. 1, 2, 1884. 8°. Proceedings. 1884, no. 2-11. 8°. Geological Survey of India. Pala3ontologia Indica. Series IV. i. 4 ; X. iii. 2-5; XIII. i. 4 (fasc. 3, 4); XIV. i. 3 (fasc. 3, 4); 1884. 4°. Memoirs. Vol. XX, XXI. 1, 2, 1883-84. Records. Vol. XVII. 3, 4, XVIII. 1, 2, 1883-84. 8\ Meteorological Department of the Government of India. Report on the meteorology of India. 1882. f. Meteorological observations recorded at six stations in India. 1884. f°. Cambridge. — Philosophical Society. Transactions. Vol. XIV. 1, 1885. 4°. Proceedings. Vol. V. 1-3, 188.3-84. 8°. Catania. — Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali. Atti. Ser. III. Tomo XVII, 1883. 4°. CiiRiSTiANiA. — Norwegian North- Atlantic Expedition, 187(5-78. Report. XI-XIII, 1884-85. 4°. Chur. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft Grauhundens. .Tahresbericht. Neue Folgo. Jahrg. XXVIl, 1882-83. 8°. CoiMBRA. — Jornal de sciencias mathematicas e astronomicas. Vol. \\l, 1881. 8°. Cordoba. — Academia Nacional de Giencias. Bolotin. Tomo VI. 4, VII, A^ITI. 1, 1884-85. 8°. Danzig. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Schriften. Neue Folgo. Hd. Vi. I, 1884. 8°. Dorpat. — Gelehrte Estni^che Gesellschaft. Ritzungs1)enchte. 1884. 8°. Verhandlungen. Bd. XII, 1884. x. AdditionH to the TJhraf]/. x\\ DoRi'AT. — Nniurforscher-Gesellschaft. Areliiv fiir die Naturkiinde liiv-P'-hst- niid Kuiinnds. Ser. II. Bd. IX. 5, X. 1, 1884. 8°. Sitzungsberichte. Bd. VI. 2. :!, VFI. 1, ISSi. s . Schrifton. I, 1884. 8°. Dresden. — Naturwissenschaflliche Gesellschnft Isis. Sitzungsberichte. 1884. 8°. Festschrift zur Feier ihres r)Ojalirigen Besteliens. 1885. 8°. Dublin. — Royal Irish Academy. Transactions. Vol. XXVIII. 14-1 C, 1883-84. 4°. Proceedings. Ser. II. Science, vol. IV. i, 2: Polite Literature and Antiijui- ties, vol. II. 5; 1884. 8". l^^riiNnu RGIT. — Royal Society. Proceedings. Session 1881-82, 1882-83. 8°. Royal Physical Society. Proceedings. Vol. I. 2, II- VII, VIII. 1, 185C-84. 8°. Rmden. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Jahresbericht. LXIX, 1883-84. 8". Frpurt. — KiJnigl. Akademie gemeinniitziger Wissmschnflen. Jahrbiicher. Neiie Folge. Ileft XII, XITI, 1884-85. 8". Fr.vxkfurt a. M. — Deutsche malakologische Gesellschaft. Nachrichtsblatt. Jahrg. XVI. G-12, XVTI. l-C, 1884-85. 8'. SencJcenbergische Tiaturforschende Gesellschaft. Abhandlungen. Bd. XIII. 4. 4°. Bericht. 1884. 8°. Freiburg i. Br. — Nabirforschende Gesellschaft. Berichte. Bd. VIII. 2, 1884. 8°. GENi;vE. — Institut National Genevois. Bulletin. Tome XXV, 1883. 8°. Societe de Physique et d^Histoire Naturelle. Memoires. Tome XXVIII. 2, 1883-84. 4". GiESSEN. — Oherhessische Gesellschaft filr Natur- und Tleilkunde. Bericht. XXIII, 1884. 8°. Glasgow. — Natural History Society. Proceedings. Vol. V. 3, 1884. 8°. Proceedings and Transactions. New Series. Vol.1. 1, 1885. 8 -Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Vol. XV, 1883-84. 8°. GuRLiTZ. — Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Abhandlungen. Bd. XVIII, 1884. 8' . GoTEBORG. — Kongl. Vetenskajis- och Vitterhets Samhdlle. Handlingar. Ny tidsf. Haft. XIX, 1884. 8". GoTTiNGEN. — Kmigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Nachrichten. 1884. 8°. GuSTROW. — Verein der Fr-eunde der Natur geschichte in Mecklenlmrg. Archiv. Jahrg. XXXVIIT, 1884. 8\ TlAP.Atf A. —Real Colegio de Belen. 01«ervacioncs magneticas y meteorologicas. Afio. 1875, 187(> i. 4". D xxvi Additions to the Lihrarif. Ha I, I.E. — Kais. Leopoldivisch- Cdroiinische deut.^die Akadcinie. der Niaturftn\schpi\ Lec.poldina. Heft XVIIf-XX, 1882-84. 4°. Ndturforschende GeseLlschnJt. A.bhandliinp;en. Bd. XVI. 2, 1884. 4". Bericht. 1883. 4". Nnfurwissc7ischn/ilrc}ier V(rnn Jur HarJisen and Thurmgen. Zeitsclirift fiir Naturwissensehaften. Bd. LVI. (J, LVll, J.VIIl. I, lK8:i- 85. 8°. IlAMiiURCJ. — Deutsche Seeivarie. Archiv. Jalirg. IV, V, 1881-82. 8°. Meteorologische Beobachtiingen in Deutscliland. Jahrg. Il-V, 1879-82. 4' Monatliche Uebersiclit der Wittornng. 1884 Jan.-Okt. 8". Na turwissenschitftliche?- Verein. Abliandhmgen. Bd. VIII. 1-3, 1884. 4°. Wissenschaftliche Anstalten. Jahrbuch. Jahrg. I, 1 884. 8". [ I A R LEM . — Musee Teyler. Archives. Ser. II, pt. 3, 4, 1882-83. 8°. Snciete Neerlandaise des Sciences Exactes et Natnrelles. Archives. Tome XVUI. 4, XIX. 2, 4, ;'), 1883-84. 8'. Hei.singfors. — Societns Scientiarium Fennica. Acta. Tom. XIII, 1HS4. 4". Ofversigt af forhaudlingar. XXV, 1 882-83. 8". Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. . Meddelanden. Haft. IX— XI, 1883-85. 8". 1 1 OB ART Town. — Royal Society of Tasmania. Papers and proceedings and report. 1882, 1883, 1884. 8°. .1 ENA . — Mediciniscli-naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Jenaische Zeitschrifl ftir Nntnrwissenschaft i^d. XVII. 3, 4. XVIII. l-.'l 1884-85. 8". Sitzungsberichte. 1883. 8°. Kiel. — Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fur Scldeswiij-Holsieiti.. Schriften. Bd. V 2, 1884. 8 . UniversitiU. Schriften. 43 Dissertalionen etc., 1883-84. 8° and 4". Kjobenhavn. — Kon. Danske Videnskabernes Selskn.li. Oversigt over forhandlinger. 1883 ii, iii, 1884 i, ii. 8". KoNiGSBERG. — Konigl. physikalisch-dkonomische Gesellschaft. Schriften. Jahrg. XXIV, 1883. 4'. KraK()\v. — K. k. Sternwarte. Matcrj'aly do klimatogralii Galicyi, Rok 1883. 8°. Lausanne. — Societe Vaudoise des Sciences NatureUes. Bidletin. 2'- ser. No. 90, 91, 1884-85. 8°. Leiden. — NcderUviHlsche Dierkundige Vereeniginij. Tijdschrift. Deel VI. 2-4, Supplement I. 2, 1882-85. 8 . Leipzig. — Astronomische Gesellschaft. Vierteljahrsschrift. Jahrg. XIX. 2-4, 1884. 4°. Nairn forschende Gesellschaft. Sitzungsberichte. Jahrg. X, 1883. 8". Additions to the Lihrari/. xxvii Leipzig. — Zoologibcher Aazeiger. No. 172-11)7, 1884-85. 8 . Liege. — Societe Geologique de Belgiquc. Annales. Tome IX, XI, 1881-82, 1883-84. 8°, LiSBOA. — Socitdade de Geographia. Boletin. Serie IV. 7-11. 8°. Le Zaire et les contrats de I'association iuternatiouale. Par C. Magalliaes. 1884. 8°. Resposta a sociedade anti-esclavista de Loudres. Per .J. A. Cortu Real. 1884. 8°. London. — Geologiod Society. Quarterly journal. Vol. XL. 3, 4, XLI. 1, 2, 1884-85. 8". List. 1884. 8°. Limiean Society. Journal. Zoology, no. 101-2; Botany, no. 130-33; 1883-84. 8°. Proceedings. Nov. 1882-June 1883. 8". List. 1883. 8°. Mathematical Society. Proceedings. No. 189-90, 219-39. 8". Royal Meteorological Society. Quarterly journal. New series. No. 51-54, 1884-85. 8". List of fellows. 1885. 8". Royal Historical Society. Transactions. New series. Vol. II. 2-4, 1884-85. 8". Royal Microscopical Society. Journal. Ser. II. Vol. IV. 4-6, V. 1, 2, 1884-85. 8 . Royal Society. Philosopliical transactions. Vol. CXXXVI. 4, CLXII. 2. CLXXXIV. 2, 3, 1846-83. 4°. Alphabetical Index to vol. CXI-CXX. 1823. 8". Proceedings. No. 227-231, 1883-84. 8\ List of council and members. 1883. 4°. Lund. — Universitet. Ars-Skrift. Tom. XX, 1883-84. 4°. Universitels-biblioteks accessions-katalog. 1884. 8". Luxembourg. — Institut Royal Grand-Ducal. Publications. Section des sciences uaturcUes et luathematiques Tome XIX. 1883. 8". Lyon. — Academic des Sciences, Belles -Lettrts et Arts. Meinoires. Classe des sciences. Tome XXVI, 1883-84. 8". Musee Guimet. Annales. Tome VII, 1884. 4°. Revue de I'liistoire des religions. Tome VIII. 6, IX, X, XL I, 1883-85. 8 . Maduas. — Administration report of the meteorological reporter fo)- 1883-84. 8". Madrid. — Ateneo Cientijico, Literario y Artistico. Discursos academicos del Senor D. Jose Moreno Nielo. 1882. .s . Obras de D. Manuel de la Revilla. 1883. 8.° El Ateneo de Madriil en el centcnario de Calderou. 1881. 8°. Discurso pronunciado por el Senor Marques do Molins el 18 Nov. 1874. 8°. Curso de historia universal. Conferencias diu-aute el curso de 1882, 8". xxviii .idditioiis to t/ic, Llhrari/. Ma]juii). — Ateiteo Citntijico, Literariv y Artistico. (Jiirso lie ciencias natiiralcs. Couferoucias diiiauto ol ciirso ile 1882. S'^. Disc'iirsns leidos en el Ateiieo con motivo de la apertura del ciiiso de 1 884. 8 . Volada en honor del Seflor I). Jose Moreno Nieto celelirada d 4 Marzo 18S2. s^ Oatalogo de las obras cxistentes en la hihlioteca. 1873. s . Cominio'ii-dal Mapa Gtologico de EspaTta. I'.oletin. Tomo XI. 1. 1885. 8'. Terreniotos de Andalucia. InCortne de la coniision noinlirada j)ara sn estudio. 18S5. 8°. Observutorio. Anuario. Afio XVIII, 1880. 8°. Observacioues nieteorologicas. 187G-I881. 8°. Resumen de las obaervacioues nieteorologicas efectuadas en la Peuinsniai 1876-80, 1882. 8°. Sociedad Espanola de Ilistoria Natural. Anales. Tomo XIII. 2, 3, XIV. i, 1884-85. 8°. Manciiesteu. — Literary and Philosophical Society. Memoirs. Series III. Vol. VII, IX, 1881-83. 8". Proceedings. Vol. XX-XXII. 1880-83. 8". M ETZ. — A cademie. Memoires. Seconde periode. Annee LXII, 1880-Hl. S . Mexico. — Museo Nacional. Anales. Tomo III. G, 1884. 4°. Ministerio de Fomenio. Boletin. Tomo IX. G5-S0, X. 1-42, 1884-85. f". Sociedad Mexicana de Ilistoria Natural. La naturaleza. Tomo VI. 21-24, VII. 1, 1883-84. 4 . MiDDELBURG. — Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetetischappen. Archief. Deel V. 3, 1883. 8°. MiLANO. — Reale Istituto Lorribardo di Scienze e Lettere. Rendiconti. Serie II. Vol. XVI, 1883. 8°. Reale Osservatorio di Brera. Pubblicazioni. No. XVII, XVIII, XXII, XXIV-XXVI, 1882-85. 4°. MoDENA. — Kegia Accademia delle Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Memoric. Serie II. Tomo II, 1884. 4°. MONTPELLIER. — Academie des Sciences et Lettres. Memoires. Section de medecine. Tome V. 3, 1884. 4'. MoN'TiJEAL. — Natural History Society. The Canadian record of science. Vol. 1. 1. 2, 1884. 8°. Moscou. — Sociele Imperkde des Natwalistes. Nouveanx memoires. Tome XIV. 4, 188?. 4'". Bnlletin. 1883 ii, iv, 1884 i. 8°. Meteorologischc IJeobachtungen am Ubservalonum ilci lauduirtli Akadrniic zu Moskau. Jahrg. 1883. 4°. MiiN<'iiKN. — Kon. ba.ycrische likademie der Wissenscha/lcu. Sil/.ungsbcrichie. Pliil()so])h.-philolog. nnd liistor. (^lasse. 1884. 8'. —^-r- Matlu'mat.-pliysikal. Oljisse. 1884. 8 '. Atfditioihs to the Libranj. xxxix MuNCHEN. — Kbti. hayerische Akadtinie tier Wis.sent>chafku. Gedaclituissrode auf Tbuodor L. W. vou Uiscbott'. Von Carl Ivupfler. 1884. 4". Franz von Kobell. Kine Denksohrift, vou E. llaushofer. 1884. \ . Rudolf Agricola ein deutsclier Vertreter der ilalicuisclieu Renaissance. Feslrede vou F. von Bezold. 18,S4. 4°. Kunifjliclie Siernwarte. Annalen. Supplbd. X, XIV, 1871-84. 8°. .MuNSTER. — WtstfaUscher Verem/iir Wissenschaft mid Kunst. Jabrosbericht. XII, 1883. 8°. Nai'OLI. — Gircolo degli Asjm'anli Naturalisti. Rivista Italiana di scienze natural!. Aunt). T. 1, 1885. 8 . Zoologische Station. Mittheilungen. Bd. IV. 4, V, VI. 1, 1883-85. 8'. Neuchatel. — Societe des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin. Tome XIV, 1884. 8". Newcastleupon-Tyne. — TVori/i of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers. Transactions. Vol. XXXIII. 6, XXXIV. 1, 2, 3, 1884-85. 8°. An account of the strata of Northumberland and Durham, as proved l)y borings and sinkings. F-K. 1885. 8'^. Odess.v. — Societe des Naturalistes de la Noiivelle Russie. Zapiski. T. VIII, IX. 1, 1882-84. 8°. (JSNA liRUCK. — NatunvissenscJwftlicher Verein. Jahresbericht. VI, 1883-84. 8". Ottawa. — Geological and Natural History Survey of Ca/na.da. Report of progress, 1882-83-84, with maps. Catalogue of Canadian plants. Pc. ii. G-amopotalae. By John Mat'ouu. Montreal, 1884. 8°. Map of the Dominion of Canada geologically colored from surveys 1842 to 1882, with descriptive sketch of the physical geography and geology by A. R. C. Selwyn and G. M. Dawson. Montreal, 1884. Comparative vocabularies of the Indian triljes of British Columbia, with a map illustrating distribution. By W. Fraser Tolmie and G. M. Dawsou. Montreal, 1884. 8°. Palermo. — Reale Osservatorio Meteorologico Valverde. Osservazioni meteorologiche. Anno I, V. 1, 1880-84. 8°. Paris. — Ecole Polytechnique. Journal. Cahier LIV, 1884. 4°. ' Societe Na.tionale rf' Acclimatation de France. Bulletin. 4-^ ser. Tome I. 2-12, II. 1-5, 1884-85. 8^ Societe Geologique de France. Bulletin. 3'^ ser. Tome IX. 7, X. T, XI. 8, XII. 4-8, XIII. 1-4, 1882-85. 8" Societe Mathematique de France. Bulletin. Tome XII. 2-6, XIII. 1-4, 1884-85. 8". Penzance. — Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Transactions. Vol. X. 7, 1885. 8". Pisa. — Societd Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Processi verbali. Vol. IV. pp. 73-14G, l(;7-23(), 1884-85. 8 . XXX Additiu/i.s to the Llbrarij. I'll \(i. — Kon. holi'nii.sr.lic G tsdbichaft der Wisstiischiifttn. Abhandlungoii. (Ue Folgo. Bd. XII, 1883-84. 4". Sitzunjj:.sbericlitc. 1882, 1883, 1884. 8". Jahresboriclil. 1882, 1883, 1884 8'. (ieiieralrogister zu den Scliriften, 1784-1884. 8". Vcrzeichniss der Mitglieder, 1784-1884. 8". Geschiiihte der kon. bohin. Gesellschafl der Wissenseiiarteii. .saniuit einer kritischen Uborsieht ilirer Publicatiouon aus deni IJureiohe der l'iiiloso|iliie. Geschichte uud Philologie. Heft I. 1884. 8°. Bericht iiber die mathematisclien mid iialurwissensclial'tliehen i'iililik:itii>nen Heft I. 1884. 8". Regensuuru. — NaturwissenscliafUicher Vercin. Correspondenz-Blatt. Jahrg. XXXVII, XXXVIll. 1883-84. 8°. Riga.— Naiurforscher Verein. ■ Correspondenzblatt. Jahrg. XXVI, 1883. 8". RoM.\. — Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Transunti. Vol. VIII. 13-16, 1884. 4". Reudiconu. Vol. I. 1-12, 1884-85. 8°. Reale Comitato Geologico d'Ikolia. BoUetino. Vol. XIV, 1883. 8°. St. Gallen. — Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Bericht. 1882-83. 8". St. Petersburg. — Hortus Petrojiolitanus. Acta. Tom. VIII. 3, IX. 1, 1884. S". Jmj). Buss. Geograf. Ohsktchestvo. Otchet. God 1883, 1884. 8°. Physikalisches Centralobservatorium. Annalen. Jahrg. 1882, ii, 1883. 4°. Schwelzerische naturforschende Gesdlscluifl. Verhandlungen. Jahresversammhiug L.W I, in Zuiich, 1883. 8 . Stockholm. — Entomologisk Foreni/ng. Bntomologisk tidskrift. Arg. V, 1884. 8°. Stuttgart. — Verein filr vaierliindische Naiurkuude in Wiirlkiiiherg. Jahreshefte. Jahrg. XL, 1884. 8". Sydney. — Observatory. Results of rain and river observations, 1883, 1884. 8". Physical geograpliy and climate of New South Wales. By H. C. Russell. 1884. 8". New double stars. By II. 0. Russell. 8°. Royal Society of New South Wales. Journal and pj-oceedings. Vol. XVI, XVII, IS82-S3. 8. 'r.xcuiiA V A. — Obseruatorio Astronomico Nacioiud. Annario. Afio V, 1885. 8". 'I'liHONDiUKM. — Kon. Norske Videtiskahers Selskab. Skrifter. 1882. 8. 'I'oKlO. — Unicersity. Abhandlungeii. No. !(», IHS.'!. 8". Toronto. — Canadian Institule. Proceedings. Third series. Vol. 11. ,;, III. 1, 1884-85. 8". Additions to the Lihrari/. xxxi Toronto. — Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Cmuuhi.. Report. 1882. Ottawa, 1884. 8". Toulouse. — Societe iVHistoire NatureUe. Bulletin. Annee XVIII. 3, 4, 1884. 8". TTpsala. — Regia Societas Scientiarum. Nova acta. Ser. III. Vol. XII. J, 1884. 4". Utrecht. — Ko7i. Nederlandsch Meteorologisch Jnstituut. Nederlandsch meteoroloo'isch jaarboek. 1883. 4'. Provincial Utrechtsch Genootschajt van Kvnsten en Wetenscha.ppen. Verslag van het verhandeldo in do algemeene vergadering. 1882, 1883, 1884. 8°. Aanteekeningen van Let veihnndclde in dc sectie-vergaderingen. 1882, 1883. 8°. Venezia. — TsfMuto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere e.d Arti. Atti. Ser VI. Vol. I. 4-10, II. 1, 2, 1882-84. 8". ViCENZ A . —A ccademia Olimpica. Atti. Vol. XVI, XVII, 1881-82. 8. II Dottor Beggiato. Commemorazione da Paolo Lioy. 1SS:5. 8 . WiEN. — Kais. Akademie der Wissenschafien. Sitzungsberichte. Mathemat.-naturwiss. Classe. Abth. I. fid LXVIII, LXIX, 1883-84. 8°. K. k. Central-Anstalt fiir Meteorologie mid Erdmagnetismus. Jahrbucher. Neue Folge. Bd. XVIII. 2, XIX, 1881-^82. 4". K. k. geologische Eeichsanstalt. Abhandlungen. Bd. XL 1, 1885. 4". Jahrbuch. Bd. XXXIV. 2-4, 1884. 8°. Verhaudlungen. Jahrg. 1884, No. 4-18. 8'. K. k. zoologisch-botanische Gesellschafl. Verhaudlungen. Bd. XXXIII and Beiheft, 1883. 8^ Oesterreichische Gesellschafl fUr Meteorologie. ■ Zeitschrift. Bd. XIX. 8-12, XX. 1-G, 1884-8r). 8". Wiesbaden. — Nassauischer Vereinfiir Naturkunde. Jahrbiicher. Jahrg. XXXVII, 1884. 8". W iJRZHURG. — Physikalisch-medicinische Gesellschafl. Sitzungsberichte. Jahrg. 1883, 1884. 8°. Bredichin, Th. Sur les tetes des cometes. Moscon, 1885. 8°. From the Author. Brinton, D. G. The lineal measures of the semi-civilized nations of Mexico and Central America. Philad., 1885. 8". From the Atithm\ Collin, Jonas. Om Limfjordens tidligere og nuviereude marine fauna med saerligt hensyn tel Bloddyrfaunen. Kjobenhavn, 1884. 8°. Fro7}i tfie Autlior. Guthrie, Malcolm. On Mr. Spencer's Data of Ethics. Lond., 1884. 8". From the Author. Report of the department of mines of Nova Scotia for 1884. Halifax, 1885. 8°. From Mr. Edwin Gilpin, Jr. Smellie, T. D. Ocean and air currents. Glasgow, 1885. 8*'. Fro7n the Author. I. — New England Spiders of the family Theridid.e. By J. H. Emerton. Of the 134 species here clescriberl, 89 species are from Eastern Massachusetts, collected in Boston and the towns west and soutli of it, in Lynn, Salem, Beverly and the adjoining towns. In this neigh- borhood I collected for several j^ears at all seasons, so that this num- ber probably includes nearly all the common and larger species, but of the smaller spiders, Ceratinella, Lophocaremini, Tmetlcas and 3IiGroneta, new kinds are found in almost every new locality ex- plored, and it is probable that twice as many species of this family will sooner or later be found here. Farther east I have spiders from Portland and Eastport, Maine, and farther west from Mt. Tom in Ilolyoke, Mass., and Albany, N. Y., nearly all of them the same species as found in Eastern Massachusetts. Farther north I have a few from Montreal, Canada, and 43 s|)ecies from the White Moun- tains, N. H., where I made large collections in the summers of 1874 and 1877. Of these, 23 species have not been found elsewhere in New England. They nearly all belong to the smaller genera and live in the damp moss on the slopes of the higher mountains. The spiders found in the valleys of the White Mountains differ but little from those of Massachusetts. I have hardly any spiders from the other parts of New Hampshire, Vermont, or the north of Maine. From the southern part of New England I have a few from Wood's Holl and Martha's Vineyard, Mass., and Newport and Providence, R. I., and 68 species from New Haven, Conn., of which 13 species have not been found elsewhere. I have seen but few spiders of this family from other parts of the country, most collections containing very few species of them, so that I am not sure of the range of a single species. Many New England species were found by Hentz in the Southern States, and other localities are mentioned under the various species, as far as I know them. The principal descriptive work on North American spiders is that of Hentz in the Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, vols, iv, V and vi, reprinted in occasional papers of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., No. 2, 1875. In these papers a considerable number of Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 1 Sept., 1882. ./ H. Emerton — Neio England Therididcu. species of lliis family are described, of whicli I have found tlie follow iiiil in New Enfflfnid : Theridion vulyare Hentz : Theridlon serpentinum Hentz IVieridioii niarinoratum, Hentz Theridion horeale Hentz Theridion frondeitun Hentz Theridion fiDiebre Hentz Theridion leoninum Hentz Theridion cancellatxmi Hentz Theridion sphcerida Hentz Theridion glohosurn Hentz Theridion trigonnm Pleiitz Theridion fict ilium Hentz Linyphia communis Hentz Linyphia costata Hentz Linyphia scripta Hentz Linyphia marmorata Hentz Mi7netus interfector Hentz Spintharus Jlavidus Hen tz Phohus atlanticus Hentz Upermophora ^neridionalis Hentz jScytodes cameratus Hentz Theridium tepidariornrn. Steatoda triangxdosa. Steatoda marmorata. Steatoda borealis. Theridiu7n frondeun i . Etiryopis ftviehris. Ero thoracica. Lasaiola eancellata. Theridula spha'rula. Theridhirn glohoswn. Argyrodes trigonum. Argyrodes Jictilium. Linyphia communis. Linyphia phrygiana. ■■ Linyphia margin ata. Linyphia marginata. Mimetus interfector. Sjm I tliarus •flu v idus. Pholcus pjhalangioides. Sperniophora meridionalis. ■■ Scytodes thoracica. The following New England species are also found in Europe and have been described there. The names used for tliese species are in most cases those adopted by Thorell in " Synonyms of Euro[)ean Spiders," Upsala, 1873, in which a full account of their synonyms is given. Theridium tepidariorum C. Koch. Theridium lineatwn (Clerck.) Ero thoracica (Reuss.) Mimetus interfector Hentz. Steatoda guttata (Reuss.) Steatoda corollata (Linn.) Steatoda triangtdosa (Wlk.) Pholctfs phalangioides (Fucssl.) Scytodes thoracica (Latr.) Lophomma cristata (Blk.) J. 11. Einerton — New England Therididoe. 3 DiploHtyla con color (Reuss.) Diplosti/la nigrina (Westr.) Linyphia marginata (C. Koch.) Linyphia chithrata (Sund.) Linyphia phrygiana (C. Koch.) Stenwnyphantes huccuUntus (Clerck.) JiCithypJiantes nebulosa (Suiid.) Bathyphantes minuta (Blk.) Helophora insignis (Blk.) Drapetisca socialis (Sund.) Microneta viaria (Blk.) Erigone longipalpis. In 1874 and 1875, Mr. O. P. Cambridge described in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, untler the name of Erigone, a number of small spiders, from my collection, which were returned to me and are nearly all redescribed here under the same specific names. The following is a list of these species with the names here used : Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone Erigone E/rigone Erigone^ EJrigone Erigone atra dentigera inter 2:)res pjrohata spill if era keta loitahiiis ernertoni atricep)s cristata fissiceps directa indirecta Erigone persimilis Erigone dentigera Erigone ornata Erigone pictilis Erigone provida Erigone pertinens 1874. = Erigone longipalpis. = Eri,gone longipalpis. = Ceratinopsis interpres. = Tmeticus probatus. = Eophocarenuni spiniferuin. = Ceratinella la^ta. = Ceratinella latabilis. = Ceratinella ernertoni. = Ceratinella atriceps. = Lophomma cristata. ^ Ceratinella fissiceps. = Cornicularia directa. = Cornicularia indirecta. 1875. = Erigone longipalpis. ^ Erigone longipalpiis. = Grammonota ornata. = Grammonota pictilis. = Cornicularia directa $ . = Tmeticus pertinens. J. IL Emerton — iSfeic England Therididm. Erigone persoluta Erlgone cormipalpis Erigone nndtissima. Erigone viaria Erigone florens = Microneta persoluta. = Microneta cornupcdpis. =■ 3ficroneta viaria. =1 Lophocarenum florens. Lately, Keyserling lias described several American spiders of this family from tlie Museum of Comp. Zool., at Cambridge, but, as far as I know, these descriptions have not been published. I have, how- ever, seen the types which have been returned to Cambridge, and have used Keyserling's names for those species which seem to me to be new. The following sijecies of this family are named by Keyser- lino; in the Cambridge collection: Steatoda horealis Theridiuni tepidariorxim. Steatoda riiralis Steatoda triangulosa Theridiuyn punctis-sparsiim . Asagena americana. Theridium zelotypum. TJnypJi ia neJ} iilosa. Phgllonethis placens Phgllonethis lineata Mhiietiis interfector Hentz. = Tlierldion, horeale Hentz. =r Tlierldion marnioratuni Hentz. =. Theridion serpentiinim Hentz. Tlierldion frondeum Hentz. Theridion frondeuin Hentz, young. THERIDIDM. The Therldidce are small, slender spiders, spinning webs, often of large size, and living in them, hanging by their claws back down- ward, and catching and eating the insects which become entangled among the threads. Their markings are under the skin, and do not depend to any great extent on colored hairs or scales. Fine hairs are, however, usually present, thinly scattered all over the body, and the coloi's are st)metimes modified by them. In many species the colors arc plain, without any markings on the legs or abdomen. This is usually the case in Tinetlcus^ Lophocaroinni and the smaller LinyphinoB, in which nearly all the species have the cephaU)thorax and legs dull yellow brown and the abdomen gray. The amount of color varies greatly in individuals of the same species, some being nearly white and others nearly black. In other genera the colors are bright and distinct, and se\ ei-al of the larger sjtecies of Thcridliun J. H. Emerton — jSFeio England Therididoe. 5 and Linypliia have distinct colored patterns on the abdomen, and dark and light rings on the legs. In some species there is great variation in the markings, as Theridima frondeum and Stcatoda marmorata. The legs of the Therldidm are usually slender. Their relative length 1, 2, 4, 3, or 1, 4, 2, 3, though there are exceptions to this proportion. In Theridium and the neighboring genera the spines on the legs are small and resemble the other hairs except in Mhnetus and Ero, where they are usually large, especially on the two front pairs of legs. The feet have three claws, the lateral ones with five or six teeth, and the middle, one or two. The spines under the claws are some- times toothed as in Epeiridm. The female palpus has usually a single claw, but this is sometimes wanting. The maxillte are usually as short as wide, not rounded at the end as in Epemi^ but either ending in a straight edge, or a point at the inner corner. The eyes are in two rows, slightly curved together at the ends so that the lateral pairs Nearly or quite touch each other. The varia- tions in size and position of the eyes are mostly in the middle pairs. In most species there is considerable difference between the sexes. The males have the abdomen smaller, the legs longer, and the head hig*lier than the females. The colors of the males are usually darker and the light markings less distinct than in the females, and some- times the colors of the two sexes are very different, but usually the maikings and shape of the body are so much alike that the males and females of the same species can be readily recognized. The palpal organs of the males and the epigynum of the females are usually large and comjjlicated in this family, and aie the most convenient means of distinguishing many species, especially in Liny- phinm and the smaller Erigoninm. The epigynum consists of two round spermatheca^ near the genital opening of the female, from each of which run two tubes, one, usu- ally the larger and longei", to a hole outside the body, the other, usu- ally small and short, into the oviduct near its mouth. The sperma- thecae can sometimes be seen through the skin, but they vary but little, while the hard parts, by which their outer openings are sur- rounded, differ greatly, according to the species. The internal struc- ture of the ejjigynum is shown in the figures on PI. 1. The oviduct openS'in the middle of a transverse fold under the front part of the abdomen, and the openings of tlie e[)igynuni are near the edge of this fold, usually on the outer side and just in front of it. Sometimes 6 J. H. Emerton — Nev^ Encfland TJierididm. they are simple round lioles or are united into a single hole, ' Grooves or notches often extend from the holes to the edge of the fold, divid- ing it into three lobes, the outer of which usually overlap the middle one and partly conceal the grooves and openings. Various modifica- tions of the shape of these lobes give the peculiar forms of the epigy- num in many species, see figures of Tmeticus^ PI. XV. In some spe cies a long flexible process extends backward from the middle of the epigynum along the under side of the abdomen, and in Bathyphantes and Microneta the whole epigynum is lengthened out nearly as long as the abdomen, and folded up in two folds, so that the tip is nearly covered. PI. XXI, XXII, XXIII. The palpal organ is a smooth bulb on the end of the male palpus, from which projects a fine tube that fits into the epigynum of the female. Inside the bulb is a sac, from which a fine duct extends to the end of the tube, through which the spermatozoa are discharged into the epigynum. In this family the palpal organ is usually i)arlly con- cealed in a hollow in the tarsus. The tube, even when short, is almost always accompanied by two processes, one hard and the other soft and flexible, and most of the complications of the palpal organs are produced by modifications of these three parts. The tube itself varies greatly in length, in some species being long enough to wind two or tliree times around the palpal organ, and is then supported at the end by some of the ai)pendages of the bulb. In Bathypliantes the tube is short aiul thick, and surrounded by long and comi)licated appendages. Besides the i)ali)al organ itself, the terminal joints of the pnlpus are modified in various ways. The tarsus is hollowed out on one side, and the edges of this hollow are of various shajies to support the parts within. At the base of the tarsus is an appendage, which I call the tarsal hook, jointed to the tarsus at one end, and extending sidewise around the base of the palpal organ. This part varies greatly in shape, and is one of the most useful in the identifica- tion of the smaller species. In the ThevUlhioi the tarsal hook is absent. The tibia of the male palpus is usually more or less modified in sha])e, having often a spine or hook on the upper part, extending over the tarsus. Sometimes the jiatella is also modified. The webs of the TherkUda} consist usually of a flat or curved sheet under which the spider stands, and which is supported by threads running in all directions to the neighboring objects. In some sjtecies these threads form a large mass over the web, and serve to stop insects flying between them and make them drop to the flat web below, where they are caught, by the spider. The webs of J. II. Enwrton — New Englajid Therididm. 7 Theridiwn have, in place of tlie flat sheet, only a small tent or thick- ened part of the web, under which the spider stands and near which she hangs her cocoons of eggs. I include in this family the Tlieridioidm of Thorell, leaving out PachygnatJia, which belongs with TetragnatJui in another family, but including the Seytodoidm. It is very diflicult to divide this family into smaller groups, but the division of the larger species into Theridiidm and Linyphiidm^ as has been done by Blackwall and Menge, seems to me a natural one, and Pholcus and Scytodes evi- dently form a natural group by themselves. The other small spiders, usually included in Erigone, or by Blackwall and Cambridge in. Neriene and WidclceMCcra, I include in another group, though the limits between it and the other sub-families are very uncertain. This divides the family into the following four sub-families: 1. Theridinse. The maxillae in this group are pointed at the inner corner, and turned inward toward the lip. The palpi of the male do not have the tarsal hook. The thorax is usually short and wide and the abdo- men large. The following genera are in this group: Tlieridmm^ Argyrodes, Spinthams, Ero^ ■ l/lesanis, Steatoda, Mimetus, Eiiryopis, Asagena, Theridula, Easceola, Pholcotmna. 2. Scytodinae. These are pale, long-legged spiders, with short round thorax, and six eyes, or eight with the front pair very small. The palpal oi'gan is not enclosed in a hollow of the tarsus, and in Scytodes is very simple, as in the 3Iygalidie, while in Pholcus it has several large appendages from the base. The maxillai are turned inward over the lip. The genera are Pholcus, Spermophora, Scytodes. 3. Erigoninae. This group includes most of the old genus, Erigone. All the species are small, 1""" or 2'""^ long. The abdomen is usually long and oval, not thick or rounded as in Theridiuce, and the cephalothorax is usually longer and the legs shorter, as in Drassidm. The maxilla are short and straight on the ends, not pointed inward. The males of 8 J. II. Emerton — New England Therididoe. many species have liorns or humps on the head, but otherwise differ little from the females. The palj)! of the males are large and com- ))lieated. The tarsal liook is present but usually small and smooth. The tube is of various lengths, but tlie supporting appendages are usually small and not so complicated as in Linyphinm. The tibial hook is iisvxally large and of a great vaiiety of s]ia])es. Most of these spiders live under leaves or near the ground. The webs of most are unknown, but some species make a flat ^veb under leaves like Linyphinm. This group connects with Tlieridinai through Ceratinella and Pholcomma, and with LinytJhincB through Tmeticus and Micro- neta. The following are the genera of this sub-family : Ceratinella, SpirojHdpus, Lophocarenxim., Ceratiiiopsis, Lophonmia., Gonatiitm, Grammonota, Cornicularia, Erigone. 4. Linyphinse. The smaller species of this group, forming the genus 3Iicroneta, resemble closely Tmeticus of the last sub-family, in the shape of tbe body, and size and colors. The palpal organs show their relations to Bathyphantes. In the larger Linyphhue the legs are long and have long and conspicuous spines. The abdomen is thick and flattened above, or high in front and pointed behind. The male palpi are large and complicated. The tibia is usually short but otherwise not much modified. The tarsal hook is large and varies greatly in shape according to the species. The epigynum is large and in many species folded. The w^ebs consist of a flat sheet supported by irregular threads. The following genera belong to this sub-family : Linyphia, Ilelophora, Bolyphantes, Dijdostyla, Drapetisca, Microneta. Stemonypha^ites, Bathyphantes., Theridium Waick. Steatoda Monge, Preussisclic spinnen. The cephalothorax is broad oval, usually with a dark line along the middle. The abdomen is either nearly spherical or else high in the middle and flattened behind. PI. XVII. The usual markings of tlie abdomen are a scalloped or herring-bone stripe in the middle and dark oblique marks at the sides, but in several species tliese are partly or entirely absent and replaced by othei- markings. The legs are usually 1, 4, 2, ;3, but in hmg-legged males are often 1, '1, 4, 3. J. II. Emerton — Weio England Tlierididm. 9 The legs are long and slender and the spines are small. The eyes are nearly of the same size and at nearly equal distances from each other, except the lateral pairs which are close together. The maxillfe are longer than wide and pointed at the inner corners. The mandibles are small and differ in the sexes in several species, those of the males being much longer, with a long claw and large teeth on the inner side. The males are usually darker colored and more slender than the females, and in some species differ greatly from them. The webs of this genus consist of a small, closely woven portion, sometimes forming a tent and covered with dirt and pieces of plants, and a large loose part composed of threads radiating irregularly from the first in all directions. The spider usually stands back downward under the tent or close portion of the web. The eggs are laid in round cocoons, which hang in the web or are concealed under the thickest part of it. Theridium differens, new. Plate I, figures 1 to Id Length of female, about 3"""; male 2'""'; a little smaller than mnra- rhirn. The herring-bone stripe on the abdomen of females is often very brightly colored, white at the edges and red in the middle. The rest of the abdomen is reddish brown, darkest next the white edges of the stripe; there are no distinct spots on the under side. In males the stripe on the abdomen is obscure and the whole abdomen dark red- dish brown. These colors vary greatly, and especially with young individuals, the abdomen is often entirely yellow with indistinct brown markings. The cephalothorax is orange brown without dark stripes. The legs and palpi yellow in females and orange brown in males, slightly darker at the ends of the joints. Sternum orange without markings. The difference in size and color between the sexes is greater than in the other species of this genus. The epigynum has no opening on the outside. Fig. \c. The palpal organ is large, the end of the tube supported by a soft appendage, opposite to which the bulb has a conical process covered with short scale-like teeth. Fig. \h. This spider lives on grass and low bushes where it is taken abund- antly throughout the suramei'. In winter tlie young are found under leaves. The webs are seen to the best advantage on the horizontal branches of spruce trees. The spider spins a small tent under the twigs from which the web spreads irregularly according to the shape of the branch. From Mt. Washington, N. H.; Portland, Me.; Eastern Massachu- setts ; Mt. Tom, Mass.; New Haven, Conn. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 2 Sept., 1882. 10 J. II. Emerton — IVeio England Therididm. Theridium spirale, new. Plate I, figures 2 to 2d. Length of female 3""" ; male 2^'"™. Cephalothorax of female brown- ish orange above and below, with an indistinct dark stripe above as wide as the eyes at the forward end. In tlie male this stripe is much more distinct. Legs of female yellow, with dark rings at the ends of the joints. In the male the legs are yellow at the base, and become darker toward the tip. The abdomen has less red color than in differens. The middle stripe is distinctly marked, especially in the male, and is sometimes slightly reddish in the middle, but oftener gray with a dark spot near the front end. The rest of tlie abdomen is yellowish gray, almost black near the middle stripe, in well marked specimens. The females are much like those of differens.^ but the males of these two species are very distinct in color and markings. Fig. 3, 3a. The epigy- num has two openings outside the edge. Fig. 2c. The palpal organ lias a very long tube which goes twice round the top of the bulb. Fig. 2b. The inner tubes of the epigynum correspond in length with those of the palpal organs. Fig. 2d. This does not seem to be as common as fusca. I have it from sev- eral localities near Boston and Salem, Mass.; from Williamstown, Mass., J. S. Kingley ; and New Haven, Conn. Theridium montanum, new. Plate I, figures 3 to 3c. This species I have found on various parts of Mt. Washington, N. IL, in the summers of 1874 and 1877, in webs in spruce trees. It is a little larger than spirale and resembles it in color, though the markings are different. The legs in both sexes are yellow, browner toward the tips, and with indistinct dark rings at the ends and middle of the joints. The thorax orange, with a plain dark stripe as wide as the eyes in front, and black edges. Tlie light stripe on the abdomen is yellowish gray. It is narrowed in front and the usual dark color outside of it forms at this part two indistinct black spots. Farther back where the middle stripe narrows again, there are two other black spots in the dark color, of various degrees of distinctness in different individuals, so that some specimens have four plain black spots on the abdomen. Toward the tail the middle slripe is narrow, and in some individuals crossed by transverse black marks, like Liny- phia. The black and gray markings on the sides of the abdomen, which are irregular in most species, in this sometimes form distinct black spots. The sexes are much alike in color and size. The epigynum J. H. Emerto7i — New England Therklldce. 11 has a small oval opening outside tlie fold. A short distance from the edge at the sides of the o[)ening are two pits with thickened edges behind. The palpal organ, has the tube very short and out of sight. On the inner side of the bulb is a long horny piece, with two short teeth on it opposite the tube. White Mountains. Theridinm Zelotypum, new. Specimen named by Keyserling iu Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. Plate I, figdrks 4, 4a. Of this large species I have only females. They measure 4'"™ or more in length. The cephalothorax is orange with a distinct dark stripe in the middle, and dark edges. The legs are orange, with brown rings at the ends and indistinct rings in the middle of each joint. The light stripe on the abdomen is distinctly herring-bone shaped, with the corners running down the sides of the body dividing the black stripes into several separate squarish spots. The middle of the abdomen is bright red. Underneath there is a black spot under the spinnerets, and the epigynum is brown. The epigynum has a single opening outside, some distance from the edge. These spiders were found at Eastport and Portland, Me., Aug., 1872 and 1873, in spruce trees. The webs were large, supported be- tween the branches by threads running upward to the branches above and furnishing lodging for numerous specimens of Arygrodes trigomini. The spider had usually a tent covered with dry spruce leaves, under which it hung with cocoons and young. Theridinm mnrarmm, new. Plate I, figures 5 to 5?*. Length of female 3 to 4"'"\ Legs of first j^air neai'ly twice the length of the body. General color gray. An undulated stripe on the abdomen, white at the edges and reddish in the middle. On both sides of this stripe the abdomen is nearly black and becomes lighter toward the sides. Underneath the abdomen is light gray with a darker spot in the middle and over the epigynum. The cej^halothorax is gray with a narrow black line in the middle and on each side. The sternum is light gray with a black edge and a black stripe in the mid- dle. The legs are gray with blackish bands at the ends and middle of each joint. There is little diiference in color or size between the sexes. This species lives usually under stones and fences, where it is well concealed by its color. It is also found on the dried tops of wild Spircp.a. 12 J. n. Emerton — New Enrjland Therididcp.. The cpigymim has two holes wide apart on the outside near tlie thickened edge. The jjalpal organ is small, with a short tube supported by a blunt spine at the tip. The palpal organ differs from that of T. varlans chiefly in the shape of the spine at the side of the bulb. Salem, Beverly and Danvers, Mass.; New Haven, Conn.; and Providence, R. I. Adults of both sexes found from June to August. Theridium puncto-sparsum, new. Specimen named by Keyserling in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. Plate I, figures 0, 6a. Females about 3'"'" long. Abdomen dark gray, with white spots. The usual stripe is indicated by a large white spot in front and irreg- ular lines of small white spots where the edge of the stripe is in other species. Under the abdomen and on the sides are larger white spots. The cephalothorax is dark yellow-brown, with a darker stripe iu the middle and on each side. Sternum dark brown. Legs and palpi yel- lowish with wide dark brown rings at the ends and middle of each joint. The epigynum has a large oval opening outside near the edge. The male resembles the female very closely. • Common in the neighborhood of Salem and Boston, under stones in stone-walls and like shady places, with a small web. New Haven, C'onn., under stones. Theridmm sexpunctatum, new. Plate II, figure 5. Length 2""". Cephalothoi-ax light yellow, with a gray and black stripe nearly as wide as the eyes, along the middle, and a narrow one on each side. The abdomen is light yellow and has six irregular black patches, in each of which is a round light spot. Fig. 5. There are other black markings on the sides and beneath. The ster- tnini has a dark line on the edges. These markings are probably va- riable in shape and size. The legs are light yellow, with a dark ling at the end of each joint. The epigynuni has a laige oval opening on the outside, within which are two smaller ones apparently leading to the spermatheca'. Fig. oc. The male has the ce])halotliorax and legs deeper yellow and with dark markings less distinct. Legs longer and abdomen smaller, as usual, the latter with markings similar to the female. "^Plie mandibles of the male are twice as long as those of the ftMuale, with a lai'ge tooth on the middle of the innci" side. Tlu' claw of the mandible is J. H. Emerton — N'eio England Therididce. 13 nearly as long as the basal joint, slendei- and straight in the middle and slightly curved inward at the tip. The palpal organ has a large two-toothed process at the tip, and a tube about half the length of the tarsus, supported by a stiff black spine inside and a thin appendage outside. One female from English Head, Anticosti L, July 22, 1881, S. Henshaw. Seveial females and one male from Mt. Washington, N. H., June 11, 18*77, in the highest trees. Theridmm tepidariorum C. Koch, Die Aracliniden, 1841. Theridion vulgare Hentz. Plate II, figure 1. This is one of the most common house spiders, but is seldom found on plants or far from houses. The female measures about 6""" in length. The legs of 1st pair are nearly three times as long. The male is shorter and has proportionally longer legs. The legs ai-e 1, 4, 2, 3 in females and 1, 2, 4, 3 in males. The color varies from dirty white with a few blackish spots, to almost black. The thorax is yellowish brown. The legs are light yellow with brownish or dusky rings at the ends and middle of the joints. In the males the legs are orange-brown, darker at the ends of the joints. The abdomen, in dark and well marked specimens, has on the hinder part six trans- verse black marks curved upward and thicker in the middle, and more or less connected together by black spots at the ends. These marks are most sharply defined on the hinder edge, where they are bordered by silvery white lines. Tbe upper mark is the largest and forms a cons})icuous black and white spot in the center of the abdo- men. Just in front of this and at the sides are two large black spots much obscured by small black spots and lines. In lighter individu- als these markings are smallei- and less definite. The palpal organ has a short and stout tube supported by a grooved process rough- ened outside at the tip. These project beyond the end of the tarsus and are easily seen. The epigynum has a large oval oi)ening outside. This common spider makes a large web, usually in a corner of a room, under furniture, behind the posts of fences, or in some such dry and shady place. It sometimes stands in the web in a thin tent toward which the web is closer than on the outside, but oftener makes its nest in a neighboring crack or corner. A male and female often occupy the same web. The eggs are laid in brownish, pear- shaped cocoons, several of which are made tiie same season by one 14 J. H. Emerton — ITeio En(jland Therididce. spider and hang in the web near the nest. It is found in Europe in plant-honses, and in South America and Australia. Its native coun- try is unknown. Theridium rupicola, new. Plate II, figures 2 to 2c. This little species closely resembles T. tepidarioritm, the females being easily mistaken for the young of that species. The females are 2'5""" long and tne males 2'"'". The colors are as in tepUlario- rum, though I have never seen such light individuals as in that spe- cies, nor do the colors of the male diifer so much from the female, the legs being only slightly more orange and showing the brown rings distinctly. The abdomen has a pointed hump in the middle, partly covered by the middle black spot and partly bright white. The large lateral black spots have also white spots beliind them, and sometimes the whole back part of the abdomen beliind the hump is nearly white. The palpal organ differs plaiidy from tepidariorum. The epigynum has a narrower opening on a ridge just in front of the fold. This spicier lives under stones and among rocks where it builds weT)s like those of tepidariorum, often containing grains of sand, which look as though placed there [)urposely by the S[)ider. Eastern Massachusetts, and New Haven, Conn. Theridium globosum Hentz, Boston .Journal of Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate TI, figure 3. This little spider is about 2"'"' in length. The abdomen is some- what flattened behind and 1 -5'"™ high, pointed toward the spinner- ets. The hinder portion is white with a large spot in the middle, below which, in my specimen, is a smaller black spot. The front up- per part of the abdomen is yellowish gray and the under part brown. The cephalothorax is orange brown, except the space between the eyes, which is l)lack. The legs are also orange brown. The epigynum is dark brown and very prominent. The opening appears to be in front near the pedicel of the abdomen. One female from tent in web. lieadville, near Boston, Aug. 13, 1874. Ilentz's description and figure in Boston Journal of Nat. His., vol. vi. Another specimen, from New Haven, Conn., had the front part of the abdomen brown with a bright white line behind it over the back and down both sides. J, H. Emerton — Weuo England Therididce. 15 Theridium unimaculatum, new. Plate II, figures 4, 4a. This species diifers much in colors and markings from the otliers and may almost always be distinguished by the white abdomen with a black spot in the center of the back. The females are 2'""' long, the males a little smaller. The cephalothorax is orange with a blackish spot around the eyes and extending backward in a point as far as the dorsal groove ; there is also a narrow black line along th.e edges. The legs are yellow or light orange in the female and orange brown in the male, the first and second pairs are also much stouter in the male. The sternum is orange with black edges. The abdomen is white with a black spot above and another around the spinnerets. The hinder edge of the epigyniim is turned outward in the middle where it has a single small opening. Fig. 4i. The palpal organ has a short tube about half the length of the tarsus, supported by two flex- ible appendages. There is also a large two-pointed black tooth at the end of the palpal organ. Fig. 4a. This spider is common in Eastern Massachusetts and Connecticut, on bushes in summer and mider leaves in winter. I have not seen the web. Theridium frondeum Hentz. Phyllonethis j)lacens Keys., type in Miis. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. Plate III, figures 1 to \h. Length of female 3 or 4"'"^; length of first leg, 8 to 10'""\ The color is light yellow with markings which are very variable. Usu- ally the thorax has two tine black lines from the eyes backward, unit- ing behind the dorsal groove, and black edges. The legs are usually darker at the ends of the joints. The abdomen has the undulated light band in the middle, as in other species of the genus, usually bordered by brownish transparent spaces with two black spots just over the spin- nerets. Sometimes there are black spots in these transparent bands, especially toward the hinder end, and these may be united into two long black patches. Figs. \b, \c. In some individuals of both sexes the black on the cephalothorax forms a wide band in the middle almost covering the back, and a black stripe of similar width extends backward on the abdomen for half its length. Fig. Ye, If. These black striped individuals have all the other variations of color and markings. The males have all the colors and spots brighter and the legs longer than females. The mandibles of the males are longei*and curved inward on the front and outer sides, and have at the base in front a low con- 16 J. H. Emerton — Neic England TherididtB. ical point. The epigyiiuin has the sins^le opening ot) tlie outside and turned forward. This is a very common spider on i)buiLs, from which it may be shaken at all times in the summer. White Mountains to Connecticut. Theridium. lineatum (Clerek), Thor., Synonyms of Kiiropeiin Spiders. Plate III, figures 2, 2a. I have several times found at Beverly, Mass., spiders which appear to be the European lineatum. The colors are similar to T. frondeuin, but the markings are different. The thorax lias a fine black line in the middle and one on each side near the edge. The sternum has also black edges and a black line in the middle. The abdomen has six pairs of black spots, under which in some specimens were bright crimson bands. There are four black spots around the spinnerets and a black stripe under the abdomen. All my specimens are young females from Beverly, Mass., and an island in Salem harbor. Mimetus Hentz. Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Simon, Arachnides de France, vol. v. This genus is much like Ero, but the cephalothorax is lower and long. The head is narrow and prolonged forward. The mandibles are long. The abdomen is high and wide in front and resembles Epeira in shape and markings. The logs are long and spiny as in jEVo, but the rest of the body is less hairy. Tiu; palpi of the male have a long tube and a })roccss at the base of the tarsus much as in Era. Mimetus interfector Hentz. Plate IIT, figuhes H to 'M>. Length about 5""", front legs IV'"'". Length of legs 1, 2, 4, 3. The cephalothorax is one and a half times as long as wide and widest near the hiiul end. TIk; head is long and the front middle eyes extend slightly beyond the front edge. Fig. 8«. The mandibles are long and dark colored except a spot near the base. The cephalo- thorax is whitish with a broken strij)e of brown on the head ex- tending baciv to the dorsal groove. The abdomen is shaped like that of Epeira arif/id((ta,w\(\i'fit in front with two prominent corners. The markings are also E/)eira-\ikv, a central stripe with dark spots or points along the edges. The color is gray and brown in the darker portions. The legs are light yellow with dark brown rings at (lie J. H. Emerton — Nexo En. The tarsus has a large curved process at the hinder corner on the outside, and two small slender processes at the end. The outer edge is finely toothed. The tibia and patella have long hairs. Adult male from Essex, Mass., and young of both sexes from variou^s places in eastern Massachusetts, and Providence, R. I. ErO C. Koch. These spiders have the cephalothorax very short and high in the middle, from which it slopes abruptly back under the abdomen, which is also high in front. The abdomen and legs are covered with long Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 3 Sept., 1882. 18 J. H. Mnxerton — New JEingland Therididoi. hairs and the legs with long stiff spines, as in Linyphia^ espec- ially on the tibia and tarsi of the two front ])airs of legs. Legs 1, 2, i, 3. Ero thoracica (Reuss) Thor., Synonyms of European Spiders. Theridion leormium Hentz. Plate III, figurks 5 to 5(Z. This spider resembles very much IVieridiuin tepidarlorHni and rupL cola, but lias brighter colors and much longer and coarser hairs and spines. It is 3'"'" or 4'"'" long. The cephalothorax is nearly as high in the middle as long, and slopes at a sharj) angle toward the abdo- men. The head is slightly lower than the middle of the thorax and the front middle eyes project beyond its front. The abdomen is as high as long, Fig. 5, and has a pair of humps on the highest part. The cephalothorax is light yellow with a daik irregular stripe each side, and a middle line crossed by a crescent-shaped mark on the highest part. The abdomen is white with brown spots of various shaj)es. The front half of each tubercle is dark brown and a dark line extends I'rum these down the sides. At the back of the abdomen there are usually several transverse stripes which are sometimes reddish, but I have never seen them bright red as figured by Black- wall. Stiff brown hairs are scattered all over the abdomen. The legs are ringed with brown and light yellow, and have coarse brown hairs and long s])ines on the tibia and tarsus. The outside of the epigynum has a wide middle lobe and narrow, dark-colored lateral ones. The male palpi have a long tibia and rounded tarsus, each of which has a strong process near the joint. Figs. 5^>, or. The i)alpal organ has a long tube, the end of which rests between three shoi-t processes. I have found this spider common under leaves in winter, in the neighborhood of Boston and New Haven, but have not seen its web. In Europe it is said to make small loose cocoons hanging by a long stem. I have often foiuid such cocoons, but have not traced them to this or any other spider. Steatoda Sund. Eucharia Mange, Preussische spinnen. Steatoda, Tliorell's Genera of European Spiders. These spiders are among the largest of tlu' family, the common aS'. mannorata measuring (>""" or '7""" long. The legs are shorti-r and stouter than in 'JJwi'ldlutii. 'Vha abdonu-n is oval and usually J. H. Eiiierton — New England Tlierididm. 19 slightly flattened on the back. It is smooth and shining-, the hairs being fine and scattered so as to be hardly visible. The thorax is thick and hard and in some species marked with hard teeth and depressions. The head is generally high and narrowed in front. The front middle eyes are in several species much larger than the others, and farther forward and wider apart. In others all the eyes are nearly of the same size. The webs of this genus consist of a flat sheet supported by threads. The spider stands under one side of the flat portion like Linyphia. This genus is divided by Menge and Simon into several : 8. guttata belongs to Crustidina Menge, S. corollata to Lithyphantes Th., 8. serpentina to Teutana Simon. Steatoda borealis (Fientz). Therklion horeale lientz, Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate IV, figures 1 to \d. This common spider resembles very closely Theridiuni quadrlpunc- tatuni of Europe, from Avhich it differs mainly in the palpal organs, see Menge's figures. The female is 6™"' long. The thorax is orange brown, darker in old than young specimens, and covered thickly with short and stifl" dark brown hairs. The head is about one-third as wide as the thorax and more elevated, the eyes near together and the front pair projecting forward beyond the head. Fig. Ic. The legs are brown with faint darker rings and thickly covered with brown hairs. The abdomen is dark brown, sometimes without any light marks above, but usually there is a light line running round the forward half and another in the middle, extending half way back and sometimes farther and broken in several places. The four depressed spots on the abdomen are usually very distinct. Beneath there is a light band on each side of the abdomen connected together behind the spinnerets. The sternum and mouth parts are dark brown. The sexes are much alike in size and color. The palpi of the male are very large. Figs. ]a,lb. They arc the only palpi which are well figured by Hentz, Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., vol. vi. I have never seen a good web of this spider. It is found in corners and under fence i-ails, usually holding close to the wood with the legs drawn up against the body. In this position, under a fence caj>, I have seen a pair in copulation in May, and again in April at New Haven, Conn. The pair stood head to head, as far apart as possible. The left palpus was kept in, an hour and a quarter after they were first seen. The male contracted his body suddenly and swelled up the base of the palpal organ once every two or three seconds. Two days afterward I saw 20 J. H. Emerton — New England Therididw. the riolit palpus used by the same jtuir for an hour. Tlie adult males and females occur at all seasons. This species is found also under stones and logs, with more or less web, which becomes torn in finding them. Eastport, Me. ; Montreal, Canada ; White Mountains ; Massachu- setts; Rhode Island and Connecticut. Steatoda, guttata (Reuss) Thor., Synonyms of European Spiders. Plate IV, figures 2 to 21. This spider is about 2'"'" long. The cephalothorax and abdomen are about equal in length. The abdomen is nearly spherical and is hard at the forward end, where it has a horny ring around its attach- ment to the thorax. The thorax is high and spotted. Fig. 2, with large dark colored hairs, at the base of each of which is a horny ridge. Similar ridges occur on the sternum. There are tw^o varieties of coloring which run into each other. In one variety the abdomen is yellow or orange, without markings, or only faint indications of them, the legs are yellow, and the thorax dark brown. In the other variety the thorax is dark brown, the legs are yellow, with indistinct rings at the ends of the joints, and the abdomen dark brown, somewhat like horealis, with light spots and several silvery white spots, usually two on each side, one in front, one behind, and one or two in the middle line. There are also light spaces around the four dorsal muscle-spots. Fig. 2. The two color varieties are equally common, but I have not found both in the same place. This species is common under stones at all seasons. Adult males and females found abund- antly in April and May. Steatoda marmorata (iientz). Theridion marmoratwm Hentz. Steatoda ruralis Keys., specimen named in Mus. Comp. Zool., Caml)ridge, Mass. Plate IV, figures 3 to 3/ Both sexes 6'"'" or 7""" long. Tlie cephalothorax and legs yellow- ish brown, dark in old specimens and light yelloAv in young. Legs covered with fine dark hairs. The markings on the abdomen are variable. The two extreme forms are shown in Figs. 3, 3a. In most specimens there is an oblong dark spot that nearly covers the back of the abdomen. Fig. 3a. This is darkest at the edges, especially the hinder edge, and is bordered outside by silvery white. The sides are usually more or less scalloped. The middle is lighter Avith a central dark stripe. In other individuals of either sex tlie dark J. H. Emerton — N'eio England Tlier'ididcp,. 21 markinos ui-e broken u^) into four pairs of black spots more or less connet-tecl with u broken middle line, as in Hentz's figure. These spotted individuals are usually darker colored than the others. The head is wider and the eyes smaller and farther apart than in the other sjx'cies and the front middle eyes are the smallest. The head is wider in males than females and the mandibles larger. There are two teeth under the claw of the mandible, Fig. 3e, which are much larger, especially the inner one, in the males. Fig. 3/. The maxilhe of males are longer and more pointed than in females. The epigynum has a small opening outside and a slight notch in the fold opposite to it. The palpal organ has a stout black tube covered at the end by two short processes. At the outer end the tarsus has a notch under which is a soft appendage of the palpal organ. The various parts are crowded together and not easily made out. The whole male palpus is about the length of the first femur. Eastern Massachusetts; Montreal, Canada; New Haven, Conn. Adults of both sexes in May and June. It is common under stones at all seasons, under leaves, and occasionally on bushes. Steatoda nigra, new. Plate IV, figures 4 to ^b. Female 2-5""" long. Male I "S""". Abdomen black. Cephalothorax yellowish, covered with fine black hairs. Legs yellowish at the base and ends, but dark and covered with black hairs in the middle, except tike third pair, which is yellow its whole length, or at least lighter than the other. The cepholathorax is as high as long. The front eyes largest and projecting forward. The males are much smaller than females. The palpal organs are simple. Fig. 45, and the opening of the epigynum very small. I have specimens from Portland, Me.; Beverly, Mass. and Holyoke, Mass. Steatoda COrollata (Linu.) Thor., Synonyms of European Spiders. I have one $ spider from Maiden, Mass., from H. L. Mo)dy, which I believe belongs to this European species. It is rather larger than most females of marrnorata, but the legs are shorter and stouter. The thorax is dark brown and the legs lighter brown with dark rings at the ends of the joints. The two basal joints are also dark brown. The abdomen is yellowish at the sides and has four or five irregular yellowish spots, or pairs of spots, along the middle of a blackish brown oval patch, which nearly covers the middle of the back. In 22 J. IT. Enierton — Nein England Tlierldidm. some European s[)eciiiiens the abdomen is almost black with ])airs of small yellowish spots. The eyes are all nearly the same size, the front middle pair slightly larger and farther forward than the others. The epigynum is very different from the other species. Steatoda triangulosa (Walck) Thor., Syn. European Spiders. Theridion serpentinum Hentz. Teutana triangulosa Simon, Arach. de France, vol. vi, pi. 3, fig. 6. Female 4'"™ long. Legs longer and more slender than in H. boreale. First pair twice as long as the body. Thora.x; orange-brown, slightly rough in females and with short ridges at the base of the haii'S in males, as in otlier species. The front middle eyes are black and not larger than the others. The legs are light yellow with slightly darker rings at the ends of the joints. There are thickened brown spots at the base of the hairs all over the body. The abdomen is light grayish yellow with two irregular brown stripes nearly broken up into spots, sometimes connected witli each other, and with brown markings on the sides. In the engraving of Ilentz's figure these markings are much more serpentine than in the original paint- ing, where they have a much more natural shape. The epigynum has a triangular opening behind which is a thick ridge. The palpi of the male are as long as the femur of the second legs. The tarsus is pointed at the tip and the palpal organ is shaped much as in the other species. I have found this species at New Haven, Conn., in the museum, where it even lives in the glass cases. Mr. Marx has found it in Washington. Hentz had it from Georgia. Asagena Sund. This is much like ISteatoda, but the body is more flattened, like Drassidce. The abdomen is flat and widest behind the middle. The cephalothorax is long and narrowed in front. The eyes are small and near together, the hind middle pair larger than the others. The usual pattern of marking in Steatoda is entirely wanting in this genus ; the colors are dark with bright white or yellow spots on the abdomen. The feet of the male are armed with strong teeth on tlie under side. Fig. Qb. These spiders are said to make a noise by rub- bing the abdomen and 'thorax together near the stem, but I have never heard it in this or any other species. J. H. Kmerton — New Enyland Therididce. 23 Asagena Americana Keys. Plate IV, figures G to 6c. 4mm long. Cephalothorax dark reddish brown, sliglitly rongli in females and with sharp elevations along the sides and edge in males. Abdomen dark brown with two white spots across the middle. Legs yellow-brown, in the males, Avith two rows of teeth under each femur, largest on the hinder pair and near the end of the femur of the sec- ond pair. Sternum dark brown, rough, and covered with short hairs. The eyes are about equal in size and separated by their diam- eter from each other. The males difler from females in having the cephalothorax lai-ger and legs stouter, and both rougher and more spiny than in females. The epigynum has a wide opening over the fold under a hard convex plate between the air sacs. The male palpus is large and the palpal organ has a long black tube supported by a hard process on the inside and a soft one near the tip. Eastern Mass.; Williamstown, Mass., J. S. Kingsley. Schoharie, N. Y.; New Haven, Conn.; Washington, D. C'., Geo. Marx. Usually under stones with some web. Females with round, loose cocoons, July 10, Salem. Males, May lU, in the Boston public garden, and Schoharie, N. Y., May 28. Young of both sexes are found under stones in winter. Argyrodes Simon, Hist. Nat. ties Araignees. In t+iis genus the abdomen is triangular or prolonged backward to a point far beyond the spinnerets. The cephalothorax is long and narrow. The head slopes forward in front of the eyes and the man- dibles point obliquely forward. The legs are long and slender. The middle eyes of both rows are farther from each other than from the side eyes, and are somewhat larger. In xi. Jictilium, which belongs in Ariamnes Th,, the middle eyes are close to the lateral, forming two groups of four eyes each, which appears to be the only reason for separating this from Argyrodes. Argyrodes trigonum. Theridion trvjonuin Hentz, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate V, figures 1 to le. This I suppose to be the Theridion trigonum of Hentz. It agrees in size and color with his description and figures, and in the arrange- ment of the eyes. It has also the peculiar cocoon described by Hentz. Large females measure 3""" from head to spinnerets. The upper part 24 J. H. Emerton — New England Therididae. of the abdomen varies in length and shape, and is usually shorter in the young; seen from above the tip is tvvo-lobed. The back of the abdomen is usually nearly straight, hut it can be turned down- ward, as in Fig. 1, This is done when the spider is alarmed. The abdomen is light yellow, sometimes with a metallic luster. There is often a black spot each side and behind over the spinnerets, and some- times the sides are reddish brown. The legs are yellow, covered with fine hairs. The thoi-ax is yellow, sometimes with three brown bands that nearly cover it. The head of the female is high ; the part bearing the eyes slightly raised and separated by a notch Irom the ])art over the mandible, which is somewhat farther advanced than the eyes. Fig. 1. In males each of these divisions of the front of the head gives rise to a horn. Fig. Ic. The males are darker colored and have the abdomen smaller and less angular than females. The mid" die eyes in both sexes are far apart. Fig. IJ, as is usual in spiders where the males have middle horns. The e})igynum is dark brown and much raised. The palpal organs are sinn)le and Tlier'ulion-\(k^^ Fig. \d. These spiders live amoug the the upper threads of the webs of Aguleua^ TAnyplda and Theridium, and are most common in woods of ]nnes and spruce. They look, in the web, like straws, or still more like the scales from pine buds, which are often caught in the same webs. I have seen them, however, in small webs, apparently made by themselves. When alarmed they draw the feet up close to the body and curl the abdomen under. The cocoons are of a peculiar bottle-shape, Fig. le, as described by Hentz, and are found in the borrowed webs in August. I have not seen them disturbed or noticed by the makers of the webs. I have them from Eastport, Me.; New Haven, Conn.; and from Albany, N. Y., and they seem to be common wherever I have col- lecled in summer. Tiie young are found in winter under leaves. Argyrodes fictiliuin, Iheridmi ficlilium Hentz, Boston Jonrn. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate V, figures 2, 2a. This is a much more slender species than trigonum. The cei)halo- thorax is 1""" long, the abdomen 4""", in the largest specimen. The fourth legs are as long as the body, the first i)air longer. The general color is light yellow. The abdomen is silvery and lias a dark stripe on the back, wide at the forward end and tapering behind to a fine line. Tlie thoi'nx has three ii-regular blackish lines, the middle J. H. Emerton — Ncxi^ England Therididm. 25 one forked in fi-ont. The eyes are larger and closer than in tr/t/OHitrn, and are in two groups widely separated in the middle. The front of the head extends forward beyond the eyes, and the mandibles point forward at an angle of forty-five degrees with the edge of the thorax. The maxilhv, lip and sternum are also much lengthened forward. I have not seen the male, and have only two females from Essex and Danvers, Mass. They were shaken from bushes, and I have not seen the web. Hentz had it from Ahibama. He says that the long hump can be bent nearly double, as in trigonum. Theridula, new genus. This genus includes 7! snhmrula (Hentz) and T. gonygaster Simon, from southern Europe. The cephalothorax is more narrowed in front than in Tlieridhun. The legs are very short and slender. The abdomen is as wide or wider than long in the females. The color in both species is greenish gray, with bright black and white markings. The male palpi are very simple and diiFer gi'eatly from any species of Therid- miii. The tibia laps over the tarsus half its length. The palpal organ projects very slightly from the bowl of the tarsus and appears to have no appendages except the short tube. Theridula sphserula. Theriaion splicerula Hentz, Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate V, figures 3 to ?>h. About 1-5""" long and about the same in width. The abdomen is wider than long, yellowish gray, with a bright, greenish yellow spot in the middle and a black spot on a slight elevation each side. There is also a black spot around the spinnerets. The cephalothorax is yellow and has a wide black stripe in the middle. The legs are light yellow. In the male the legs and cephalothorax are more orange and the abdomen is less gray and the markings indistinct. The palpal organ is one of the simplest in this family and the shape of the palpus very peculiar, the tibia lapping over the tarsus half its length. This spider is found from the White Mountains to Connecticut, on bushes in summer. Adult males and females in Danvers, Mass., June 30th. I have not seen its web. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 4 Sept., 1882. 26 J. II. Emerton — Neio England Theridkloe. LaSSeola Simon. Arachnides de France, vol. v. Cephalothorax short, wide and high, nearly straight in front and inclined behind. Upper eyes large, equidistant or the middle pair farthest apart. Antei'ior eyes in a line curved strongly backward, the middle much the largest, wide apart, but almost toucliing the lateral eyes and raised on a slight ridge which projects forward. The lateral eyes are united in pairs. Abdomen high, rounded or oval, sometimes pointed behind beyond the spinnerets. Feet 1, 4, 2, 3, or 4, 1, 2, 3. Lasseola cancellata. Jheridion cancellatum Hentz. Plate V, figures 4, 4a. The whole length is 1*5""". The cephalothorax is oval, about two- thirds as wide as long. The front middle eyes are the largest and are neai'ly twice as far apart as the hind middle eyes. The abdomen is rounded in front and widens backward for two-thirds of its length, where it abruptly narrows into a short hump that extends back- ward beyond the spinnerets. The cephalothorax is dark gray or black. The abdomen has several transverse white marks across the back and various whitish marks each side, the rest being black and gray in small spots of irregular shapes. The front legs are twice as long as the second or fourth and tlie patella, tibia and end of femur are gray, darker at the joints. The other legs are white with black rings. The palpi are colored in the same way and thickened at the ends. I have only one specimen, from New Haven, Conn., under a stone, April 3, 1881. Hentz describes it from Alabama. Euryopis Menge. These are short and stout s})iders, marked with black and silvery white. The cephalothorax is short and wide. Head narrow and high. Upper eyes nearly the same size and equidistant. Front row curved with the middle eyes larger than the others and farther apart. Abdomen short and wide, pointed toward the spinnerets. Mandibles small. Feet slender, 4, 1, 2, 3. Palpi of female slightly thickened at the end. J. H. Emerton — JSTew England ThericUdce. 27 Euryopis funebris (Hentz). Theridion fimebre Hentz. Plate V, figures 6 to 66. Length about 3™"\ Cephalothorax as wide as long. Front middle eyes larger, farther apart and fartlier forward than the others. Fig. 6rt. Mandibles and maxillne small. Abdomen flat and in the mid die nearly as wide as long, truncated in front and tapering to a point behind. The legs are 4, I, 'J, 3. The general color is black or dark gray. The cephalotliorax is yellowish gray, black about the eyes. The legs and palpi are light yellow with black rings on the tarsi and black stripes along the sides of the other joints connected here and there by grayish rings. The abdomen has a bright silver white stri{)e around the hinder half. Inside this the color is black, broken by light S[)Ots in the middle of the forward part. The sternum and middle of the abdomen are black. The male is slightly smaller and has a smaller abdomen and longer legs. The pal])i of the males have the tarsus rounded and the tibia wider than long. The palj)al organ has a short tube at the end sup[)orted by a process of about the same length, both resting in a groove at the end of the tarsus. Fig. OJ. Mt. Washington, N. H. ; Swatnpscott, Mass. ; Mt. Tom, Ilolyoke, Mass. ; New Haven, Conn. Hentz had it from Alabama. Euryopis argentea, new. Plate V, figure 5. Of this I have only young specimens. They are about 2'""' long. Tlie abdomen is shaped much as in funebre^ pointed behind and trun- cated in front, black with five or six pairs of white spots along the middle and others at tlie sides. The cephalothorax is not so much widened as in funebris. The forward half is black, while the rest, which is nearly covered by the abdomen, is light yellow, almost white. The legs are light yellow. The eyes are more nearly equal than in the other species, though the front middle pair ai-e larger than the others. Beverly and Milton, Mass., and New Haven, Conn. Tiie largest were found in May, the others in winter, so that it probably matures in summer. 28 ,/. // Emerlon — Nev^ England TherididcM. Spintharus Ilentz, Boston Journal of Nat. Hisfc., vol. vi, 1850. Cephalotliora.Y short and round. Eyes nearly equal, the hind middle pair twice as far apart as the front middle. Abdomen long, narrowed behind and widest a little in front of the middle. Legs of 1st and 4t]i pairs equal and twice as long as the second pair. Spintharus flavidus Hentz, Boston .Tounial Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate V, figure 7. About 4'""' long. Cephalotliorax nearly circular, hind middle eyes twice as far apart as the front middle pair. Abdomen widest one- third its length from the front, taj)ering behind. The cephalotlio- rax and legs are light yellow. Abdomen yellow below and at the sides. On the back it has two lateral white stripes and between these on each side a bright red band which becomes lighter toward the middle. Fig. 7. The middle of the abdomen is gray with two or three pairs of white spots, between which the red bands nearly meet. The first and fourth ])airs of legs are twice as long as the second pair. The tibia3 of the first and fourth legs are bright orange. I have this from Mew Haven; and from Boston, S. Henshaw. Hentz found it in Alabama. Ulesanis L. Koch. Arachniden Australiens, pp. 242, 245. Stegamma Cambridge, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, IS?."? and 1879. Oroodes Simon, Mem. Soc. Roj. Liege, 2d series, vol. v, p. 127; and Arachnides de France, vol. v. These are small spiders ivlated to Argyrodes and Euryopis. The head is narrow and much elevated in both sexes. The abdomen is higher than long and extends forward over the thorax to the head. It is raised into a series of humps which are colored so as to resemble a seed or grain of dirt. A species is found in Europe and described by Simon under the name Oroodes paradoxus. Ulesanis americana, new. Plate VI, pighuks 1 to \g. This little spider resembles a seed or Iumj» of diit. It measures 1-5""" in length and about the same in breadth and height. The abdomen cov<'rs the cephalotliorax nearly to the eyes. It has a jdominent hump in the middle of the back and four or five others ))ehin(l. Figs. 1, 1^^ The ground-color of the abdomen is light yellow. It has a transvei-se brown slri]>e each sidi' of the middle hum|) ;ind J. H. Hmerton — Neio England Therididm. 29 various other brown spots in front and at the sides. The abdomen is nearly covered by circuhar brown spots around the bases of the hairs, and among them are rows of larger and darker spots which mark the ends of muscles running through the abdomen. Tlie thorax is as wide as long, but the head is narrow and twice as high as the thorax. The cephalothorax is dark brown above and below^ The sternum is as wide as long and the fourth pair of legs are wide ajjavt. Fig. If?, "^'he palpal organ has a long tube which starts at the middle of one side, passes round the base and to the outer end, where it is supported l)y a large tooth and several smaller aj)pend- ages. Beverly and Danvers, Mass., and New Haven, Conn., swept from bushes. Pholcomma Thorell, Genera of luiropean Spiders. This genus was separated from llieridiiiin by Thorell, tor P. glh- hum of Europe. This species has the hard skin on the back of the abdomen and aixmnd tlie spinnerets and respiratory openings as in Ceratmella. The body is short and round and the abdomen hairy. The eyes have an arrangement much like Pholcus, the fi'ont middle l)air being very small. In the species which I here refer to this genus tlie eyes are all nearly of the same size. The abdomen has the hai-d pieces on the back and under side, at least in the males. The back is covered with scattered stiif hairs. The sternum is short and wide behind. The palpal organs of the males are Tiierid ion-like, as in the European P. gibbuni, and not like Veratinelhi. Pholcomma hirsutum, new. Plate VI, figure 6. About the size of Ceratinella Iwtah'dis. The cephalothorax is yel- lowish brown, alike in both sexes. The sternum is the same color, and unusually wide at the hind end. The legs are yellow-brown, somewhat lighter than the thorax. Tlie abdomen is whitish, covered with scattered long brown hairs. The males only have a hard spot on the l)ack of the abdomen, as in Ceratinella. In some specimens the abdomen has some gray spots on the under side. The epigynum is slightly raised and shows the spermathecje through the skin. The jialpal organs resemble those of Theridmm. Figs. Qe,/,c/. The tarsal hook is wanting. The tube is slender and is supported at the end l)y a short grooved appendage, which rests in a notch in the edge of the tarsus. 30 J. H. Einerton — New England Therididce. Common on Mt. Carmel, Ilamden, Conn.; and found in tlie neigh- liorl)ood of New Haven. Pholcomma rostratum, new. Plate VI, figure 5. About 1""" long. Ccplialotliorax almost as wide as long. Abdo- men oval, extending over the thorax to the dorsal groove. The upper half of the abdomen is hard, as in Ceratinella, and covered with coarse stift' hairs, and there are also hard places around the stem of the abdomen and the spinnerets. The cephalothorax is very dark brown ; the abdomen reddish })rown above and darker on the thin skin at the sides. The legs are dirty brown, lightest toward the end. The cephalothorax is flat, but the head of the male is twice as high as the thorax behind it, and has a horn extending forwaid beyond the base of the mandibles, and having on its tip a bunch of hairs with flat, fan-shaped ends. The pal])al organs have no resemblance to Ceratinella. The tibia is widened at the end and has two stout bristles on the under side. Fig. ba. The tube of the palpal organ is stout, and coils around the end of the tarsus to a large soft append- age which supports it at the end. A few specimens of both sexes under leaves at Waltham and Wa- tertown, INIass. PholcUS Walek. Pholcus phaiangioides Fuessi. Plate VI, figures 2, 2(/. This species is common in cellars and dark corners in rooms, but I have never seen it away fiom houses. It is readily distinguished by its long leo;s and large size from other cellar spiders. The body, in full-grown females, may be 7""" or 8""" long, and the front legs 4-r)'^'" to 6'"' long, though both sexes often mature much smaller. The color is j)ale, almost white, with pale gray spots on the middle of the thorax, the ends of the leg joints, and sometimes in pairs on the abdomen. On the back of the abdomen there is usually a dark transparent band over the dorsal vessel. The hairs are small and thinly scattered and light brown in color. The cephalothorax is nearly circular. The part of the head bearing the eyes is raised, and in the males separated by a deep constriction from the rest of the head. The abdomen is cylindiical excejjt when swelled out in the middle ])y food or eggs. The front middle eyes ai'e small and close too-ether. The other eyes are in two clusti'rs on each side of the J. n. Emerton — Nexo England Therididm. 31 head. The maxillte are iiiclined inward toward the lip. The mandi- bles are short, about two-thirds the height of the head, and have a prominent tooth on the inner corner. The male palpi are large and com))licated. The tibia is swelled out almost spherical. The tarsus is round, with a long process on one side extending beyond the palpal organ. The bulb is round, and has beside the thin transparent tube a small stocking-shaped process and a larger blunt one roughened on the convex surface. Fig. 2a. The second joint of the palpus next the maxillfe has a tooth on the outer side about as long as the joint. The femur has also a blunt tooth near the middle on the under side. This is a common European house spider, and is pi'obably imported here. I have it from eastern Massachusetts; Albany, N. Y.; and New Haven, Conn. It builds a large web, consisting of a small, loose, flat sheet, from which irregular threads lead in all directions. When disturbed it hangs down by the legs as far as possible, and SAvings its body round in a small circle so rapidly that it cannot be seen distinctly. In the early part of summer the females lay their eggs in a very thin cocoon, through which they are plainly seen, and carry them about in their mandibles until the young hatch. Spermophora Heatz. Sphermophora meridionalis Hentz. Plate VI, figure 3. This resembles a young Pholcus. It is about 1'"'" long, with the front legs 5 •5""". Color white, with pale gray spots on the thorax, and in two or three pairs on the abdomen. The six eyes are in two clusters like the lateral eyes of Pholcus. The cephalothorax is round as in Pholcus, but the abdomen is shorter and round, nearly as in Theridiuni, and covered with long tine hairs. All my specimens are females found in closets and under furniture. I have not seen the web. Salem and Boston, Mass., and New Haven, Conn. Scytod.es. Scytodes thoracica (Latr.) Thorell, Synonyms of European Spiders. Scytodes camer-atus Hentz, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate VI, figures 4, \a. Length of female 5™™ to 6"^"'. Abdomen round. Cephalothorax very high behind and sloping forward to the mandibles. Cephalo- thorax light yellow with black markings of irregular shape in pairs. 32 J. II. Emerton — Ntxo Eiujland Therididm. Fig. 4. Legs liglit yellow wkli Mack rings, three on the femur, and three on the tibia. The abdomen is white with five or six ])jiirs of black S[)ots along the middle, from which lines of irregular spots extend obliquely down the sides. Beneath the abdomen is spotted and there are black spots on the sternum in the middle and at the bases of the legs. The mandibles and maxilhe are very small. Tliere are only six eyes. The middle pair are close together near the front edge of the head over the mandibles. The lateral eyes are higher and farther back. The male differs but little from the female. The male's palpi are stouter than the female's. The tarsus has a long process on the upper side. The bulb is round with a narrow por- tion extending as far as the tarsal i)rocess and there narrowing into a fine long tube. The whole palpal organ is as long as the rest of the palpus. This is another house spider, perhaps imported from Europe. It is found in cellars and shaded corners in rooms. Ceratlnella. Geratina Menge, Preussisclie Spinnen. This genus, like Pholcoinma, has tlie upper part of the abdomen thick and hard, and hard spots around the pedicel and the spinnerets, but this sometimes is only found in one sex. The cephalothorax and abdomen are both short and round. The heads of the males are usually higher than those of the females and in some species very large and raised into humps. The ])alpal organs are much alike throughout the genus. Tlie tube is divided into two parts, appearing as if liroken near the middle, and the corners near the bi-eak are sometimes lengthened into teeth of ^ arious shapes. At the base of the bulb is a long hard )»rocess, pointing backward. The tarsal hook is small and simple. The til)ial hook is large aiul extends outward from the palpus, varying in shape according to the species. The length of the patella varies greatly in different species. All the species are very small, 1 to Ji""", and are found either under leaves or in summer on low plants. Ceratlnella emertoni. Erigone emertoni Oaiiib., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874. Plate VTI, figure 1. This is of the same size and color as C. ^/issice/is, usually a little lighter orange with a smaller black mark on the head which seldom extends backward on the middle of the thorax as in ^A\s.s?'cf7)s. The J. H. Emerton — Neio England TlierididcK. 3.3 Iicad of tl)e male is higli and rounded and witliout liuni))s, and the eyes are near each other on the npper part. Fig. I. The palpal organ is very distinct from the allied species. The tube is like that o{ jissice.ps ^ but the tooth at its base is much stouter and blacker and the uppper portion of the bulb is stouter and blacker and has a long- black tooth that extends nearly to the base of the slender tube. The tarsal hook is short and stout. Plate 7, figs. Ic/, Ic. The epigynum is darker and wider than mfissiceps. Fig. \d. JCastern Massacliusetts ; Mount Tom, Mass.; New Haven, Conn., under leaves in winter and on low plants in summer. Ceratinella fissiceps. E)-igoneJlssiceps Canib., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874. Plate VII, figure 2. Length, 1-5""". Color light orange, the thickened circle on the abdomen very distincl, and more deeply colored than the parts around it. The head is black and a black line extends backward half the length of the thorax. The latter mark is found in both sexes and distinguishes the females of this species from eniertoni, in which the black color is confined to the neighborhood of the eyes. The head of the male is extended forward over the mandibles, carrying the front middle eyes, and has a hump above it with the hind middle eyes. Figs. 2a, 2b. The female has slight humps on the head. The epigynum is narrow and easily distinguished from that of emertoni which it resembles in size and color. The palpal organ is shown in fig. 2c. The slender spiral tube, with a black tooth at the base, resembles that of C. alticej^s. The tibial hook is slender and has usually a short tooth near the base. Fig. 2. The tarsal hook is nearly straight and lies against the tarsus as in the two nearest species. Eastern Massachusetts; Mt. Tom, Mass.; New Haven, Conn., in low bushes. May to August, and under leaves in winter. Ceratinella bulbosa, new. Plate VII, figure 3. This species resembles fissiceps so closely that for a long time I thought it a variety of that species. The colors are the same and it is of the same size or slightly larger. The two humps of the head are swelled at the top and black. The lateral pairs of eyes are also raised on smaller humps on each side of the head. Figs. 3, 3«. The Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 5 Oct., 1882. 34 J. TI. Emerton — New Euglcaid Tlierididce. male palpi rcsoinble closely those oi' fixsiceps, but the tibial hook is twice as wicl(% darker colored and has longer and sharper teeth at the end. Fig. 3r'. I have not yet separated the females from those of Jisslceps. I have two males taken at different times in Pine Swamp, New Haven, Conn., under leaves in winter. Ceratiiiella pygmsea, new. Plate YII, figure 4. The only specimen is little over 1""" long. The colors are very light. Cephalothorax orange-yellow with a dark spot around the , eyes from which a dark line tapers backward to the dorsal groove. The hard ])art of the abdomen is orange-yellow, the rest white. The head of the male is narrow and projects forward over the mandibles, but is not much elevated. Though the spider is smaller than /fs.s?*c^jo,s, the male palpi are as large as those of that species and resemble them very closely. The tibia, hoAvever, is larger and has the terminal tooth longer aiu1 sharper. The tube of the palpal organ is stouter than m fisHceps. The patella is nearly as long as the femur. One male under leaves in Pine Swamp, New Haven, Conn., in Octobei'. Ceratinella atriceps (Gamb.). Erigone atriceps Cambridge, Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1874. Plate VII, figures 5 to 5t?. Length of male 1 -G""". Cephalothorax orange, darker toward the humps, which are nearly black, the dark color sometimes extending backward on the middle line nearly to the dorsal groove. Abdomen dark gray, in alcohol greenish. The thick- ened spot on the back is often indistinct and sometimes absent, but when present is orange colored, darkened by the black hairs over it. The legs are colored like the abdomen, darker toward the tip. The e^ palpi are lighter than the legs, except the tij) which is almost black. The head of the male is exteiuled forward beyond the mandibles and has a hump above, bearing the posterior middle eyes. Fig. 5. The icmale has slight projections of the head at the same points. Fig. 5'^ The S copulating organs resemble closely those of Jissiceps. Fig. 5h. The tibial hook is shorter and more curved. J. a. Emerton — Nexo England Titer Ididoi. 35 May, June, July, on low bushes. Winter, in leaves on the ground. Mt. Washington, N. H., 4000 ieet up; Eastern Massachusetts, common; New Haven, Connecticut. Ceratinella laeta (Camb.) Erigona Iceta Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874. Plate YIII, figure 1. Length 1*6'"'", sliglitly larger than ketabiUs ; both these species are found under leaves and probably live near the ground all the year, not spinning high like ^fissice^js. Color dark brown. The tJiickened spot only on the abdomen of the male. The abdomen of the female is sometimes almost black. Other individuals have a light stripe along the middle of the back with three or four cross stripes. The head is high behind the eyes, especially in the males. The tibia is short and the tibial and tarsal hooks both long. The tube is stout ami black, broken in the middle, where each half has a short tooth. Eastern Massachusetts; Mt. Tom, Mass. Ceratinella laetabilis. Erigone latahilis Cambridge, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874. Plate VIIT, figure 2. Length, r.5'""', a little smaller than 6'. IcBta. Cephalothorax and sternum dark brown, legs dark orange. Thickeneil parts of the abdomen dark orange, brown, thinner parts gray, broken by lighter irregular spots. In the females, where the tliickened circle on the abdoaieu is wanting, the whole back is dai-k gray with lighter patches and thickened spots at the ends of the vertical muscles. The head is slightly elevated behind the eyes, a little more in the male than female. The male has the thickened circle on the abdo- men very hai-d and distinct. The female usually wants it altogetlier. The pal])al organs distinguish this easily from C. la-ta. The tibial hook is short and wide and curved strongly inwai'd. Fig. -lb. The tube is bent sharply at tlie middle as usual, and the outer edge of the basal half projects as a very distinct tooth. Fig. 2a. t The females are less easily distinguished from (J. IcBta. They are a little smaller and lighter colored and the epigynuin. Fig. 2(7, has its opening shortei- than the other species. Mt. Washington, N. H., moss near Halfway House ; Eastern Massa- chusetts; New Haven, Conn. 36 ./. H. Einerton — Nem Enyland Therididm. Ceratinella brunnea, new. Plate Vlll, fiuurk ?,. Size of C. Iwta, but darker colored. Cephalothorax and tliick spot on the abdomen dark brown, the thick spot present in both sexes. Legs lighter but not so bright orange as in other species. Abdomen below and at the sides dark gray. The sexes much alike. The abdomen of <5 slightly smaller and the thickened circle larger than in $ . Head very little elevated in either sex. The tibial hook of the male palpi is long, Fig, 3, with a re- curved tooth at the end. The palpal tube is very large, colored black, and with only a slight break in the middle. Fig. 3a. The epigynum has a wide oval opening. Mt. Washington, from Glen to highest trees. Salem, April 20, under stone. Saugus marsh, Oct, 28. New Haven, Conn., w inter, Ceratinella minuta, new. Plate VIII, figure 4. About 1 "2™"^ long. One of the smallest spiders. Color uniform reddish brown on the cephalothorax aud legs and the thickened spot on the abdomen. The thick spot is common to both sexes. The palpal organs have the tube very long, Fig. 4a, with only slight teeth at the break. The tibial hook is moderately long and sharp, and there is a peculiar blunt spur on the inner side of the tibia. Common at New Haven, Conn., under leaves in winter. One male from West Qumcy, Mass. Ceratinella micropalpis, new. Plate VIIT, figure 5. Tliis species has the same colors as (7. mhmta and is a little larger, but the palpi are smaller. The shape of the tarsus is much like tiiat of C. minnta but the hook is shorter. The tube is not more than half as long as in minuta. PI. 8, figs. 5, 5a, 5h. Only one male from West Quincy, Mass. t Ceratinopsis, new. Excejjt interpret, these spiders resemble Ceratinella^ bnt do not have the thickened spot on the abdomen. Their colors are )):irtly the same orange-red commou in (\')'(it'unt^ antube is very long and slender, and coiled up in three or four spirals. Tlie tibia has a shar]) straight tooth on the outer side uiidci- the tarsal hook. The epigynuni has very long tuljes twisted in a double sj>iral, Fig. 4endage starts near tlic base of (lie tiihc and lies o\er it as far as the end of the tarsus. The tibial hook is lialf as long as the tarsus and is Ijent toward the tarsal hook and a])pears twisted at the end. Danvers, Essex and C\'vnibridge, Mass., and New Haven, Conn. ; in the latter place abundant on city fences in November. Cornicularia Menge. The spiders of this group are placed by Menge in several genera. The species wliieh he refers to Cornicnhiria seems to be very near our C. minata. Most of our species are large and brightly colored. The males and females differ but little. The males have a hump or horn on the front of the head between the eyes, and usually orna- mented by flat stiff hairs. In several species there are two horns, the lower one being small and partly concealed by the upper. The male ])alpi have a stifl" black tube curved once round the end of the bulb and supported by a thin appendage near the tip. The tarsus is round with a small, smooth tarsal hook at the base. The tibial hook is large and extends over the back of the tarsus. In several species it is a smooth pointed hook, but in others it has a smaller point on the inner side, or is modified in various ways according to the species. The epigynum has a wide and short middle lobe with openings at the corners. The cephalothorax is usually long, narrowing gradually toward the head. The eyes are nearly equal in size and close to- gether, except where displaced by the horns of the males. Cornicularia directa. FMyone directa S and Erigone provida 2 Canib., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874 and 1875. Plate XI, figure 1. The males and females of this species were described by Cambridge at different times, without opportunity to compare thenj, and were naturally siipposed to be distinct species. I have since found both sexes together in considerable numbers, and am now sure that they belong together. The length is about 2'""'. Cephalothorax uniform chestnut-brown, from almost black to light yellow in different indi- viduals. Sternum same color. Legs lighter. Abdomen gray with the muscular spots light. Both sexes about the same size and color. The male has two horns between the eyes, the lower slender and about half as long as the uj)per and lying close under it. The tibia of the male palpus has a smooth ])c»inted hook over the tarsus. Eastern Massa(;husetts ; Mt. Tom, Mass.; Providence, 1\. I. In winter under leaves, and on fences in autumn. J. H. Emerton — New England Therididm. 41 Cornicularia tibialis, new. Plate XI, figure 2. This is a little smaller than directa. The colors are the same. The horn is shorter and thicker. The tibia of the male palpus is nearly as large as the tarsus. The hook has a large tooth in the niid- dle, which is roughened on the edge and inside. Fig. 2a. Both sexes are alike in size and color. From Mt. Tom, Hoi yoke, Mass. Cornicularia communis, new. Plate XI, figure 3. Cephalothorax dark orange, darkened with brown toward the head and nearly black around tlie eyes. Legs brighter orange. Palpi same color, except the tibia and tarsus which are dark brown. Abdomen black with the muscular marks light yellow. Under side of abdomen same color. Sternum dark orange like the back of thorax. Horn of male pointing forward, about as long as the distance be- tween the front and back middle eyes, widened at the end where it is covered with stiff hairs directed upward and backward. Although it appears single, the horn really consists of two, pressed closely to- gether, the upper or posterioi- one forming the greater part of it and bearing the terminal hairs. The anterior horn is entirely covered above by the other. Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, and Eastern Massachusetts, under leaves ; New Haven, Conn. Cornicularia indirecta (Camb.) Erigone indirecta, Oamb., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 18*74. Plate XI, figure 4. Cephalothorax and legs bright orange. Head black. Abdomen lighter orange than thorax, both above and below. This species dif- fers from coinmu?iis in the color of the abdomen and in having the dark spot on the head darker and more definite and the palpi and mandibles darker. Both sexes agree closely in size and color. The hinder middle eyes are farther back than in conDminis. Horn of male like that of cotnmunis, Fig. 4, with recurved hairs on the end and along the upper side. The palpi of the males are much alike in these two species, Eastern Massachusetts. Trans, Conn. Acad., Vol. VI, S Oct., 1882. 42 ./. II. Eiaerton — New EKylcDid Therididm. Cornicularia brevicornis uew. Plate XI, figure 5. Length about 2'""\ ('ephalothorux orange, a little darker on the head. Abdomen dark gray. Legs yellow. Palpi yellow with the hard parts near the end dark brown. Tlie horn of the male is double, as in directa and cotyinnaiis, but mucli lower and shorter. The palpal organs differ but little from those of the other species. The plainest differences are the generally dull color and the short horn. Two males from Pine Rock, New Haven, Conn. Cornicularia minuta, new. Plate XI, figure 6. About 1-5""^ long. Color yellowish gray, almost white. One from the White Mountains, apparently of the same species, has the cephalo- thorax and legs brownish yellow and the abdomen almost black, much like directa. The horn is short, hardly longer than thick, and slightly divided on the end, where it has a tuft of short, stiff hairs. The tibia of the male palpus has the usual ))ointed liook, at the base of which is a shorter parallel process, covered at the end with stiff, black bristles. Figs. 6c, 6d. The palpal organ resembles those of the larger species. Males only, from Mt. Carmel, Hamden, Conn., and Mt. Washing- ton, N. H. Cornicnlaria pallida, new. Plate XI, figure 7. 2'""' long. Cephalothorax orange, with black around the eyes, ex- tending backward along the middle line to the dorsal groove. The head is higher in the male and has a short hump about as high as wide between the eyes. Fig. 1, on which are stiff hairs, as in other species. Legs and palpi yellow or light orange. Abdomen white, with light gray hairs. Spinnerets and a ring around them gray or black. The palpal organs and the tibial hooks are much as in the other species. Fig. la. The only species with which this is likely to be confounded is directa, and from this it differs in both sexes in the lighter color, especially of the abdonu'ii and legs, and the closer posi- tion of the eyes and shape of the liead in males. New Haven, Conn. J. H. Emerton — Nev^ England Theridldcv. 43 Cornicularia tricornis, new. Plate XI, figure 8. This resembles Menge's Pholojys fKirilhttns, but. tlie ))eculiar hump is mucli sliorter and tlie upper eyes farther forward. The leiigtli is 1*5""". Cephalothorax dark brown, not much darker toward the liead. Palpi same color. Legs orange. Abdomen dark gray or black. The lower horn is much as in pcdlid a, with a few stiiF bristles. The upper horn is forked at the forward end with bristles on the outer edges. The head behind the horn is abruptly raised, and car- ries the upper middle eyes. There is a sharp groove on each side of this ridge. Figs. 8, 8a. Three males from Mt. Washington, N. H., June, 1811. Cornicularia auranticeps, new. Pl\TE VIII, FIGURE 6. Smaller than the other bright coloied species, about the length of direcfa, but stouter. Cephalothorax uniform bright orange. Legs orange toward the body, blackish toward the tips. Abdomen dark bluish black. The horn of the male is short and points upward, spreading into two sliort lobes at the tip, covered with short, re- curved hairs. The palpal organ is much like that of the other species, but the tibia has two long, blunt teeth, Figs. 6, Qb, very different from the others. Eastern Massachusetts and White Mountains, New Hampshire. Cornicularia clavicornis, new. Plate VIII, figure 1. A small, dark colored species, about 2™™ long. Cephalothorax dark brown. Abdomen dark gray. Legs orange-brown. Head of male with a short horn swelled at the end. The tibial hook is long and has a smaller hook parallel and close to it. Fig. la. One male from Mt. Washington, N. H. Lophomma Menge. The females resemble Eophocarenum and Cornicularia, but the males have the mandibles smaller and the head extended forward beyond them and divided into two humps, one carrying the front middle eyes and the other the hind middle pair. The front middle eyes are close together on the forward end of the hump, and over them are a few stiff hairs directed upward. The hinder hump has a crest of hairs directed forward. The tibia of tlie male })alpus is very 44 J. H. Emerton — NeM^ England Therictidm. long on the ni)per side, nearly covering tlie tarsus. The end has a long hook bent s^idewise. PI. X, figs, li, 2c. Menge includes in this genus several species with two humps on the head, but which have the holes behind the eyes and otherwise appear to belong with Lopliocaremim. Lophomma cristata. Erigone cristata (Blk.) Thor., Synonyms of European Spiders. Lophomma hicorne Menge. Plate X, figure 1. Qinin long. Cephalothorax dark brown. Abdomen dark gray. Legs yellowish brown. Both sexes alike in size and color. The eyes in the female are large and in two rows at about equal distances from each other. The head of the male is much raised and the lower part extended forward, Fig. 1, forming two horns. The eyes are smaller than in the female. The hind middle pair is on the upper horn, the front middle pair on the lower horn, and the side pairs separated far from them, below the hind pair. The male palpi have the tibia expanded as much as the tarsus, and a long hook with a sharp point bent across the end. Fig. \b. The palpal organ is peculiar in having the tube short and not coiled as in niost of the neighboring species. When in use this ajipears to be supported by a strong process near the end of the palpus and perhaps, also, by the tibial hook, which could be brought over it by a slight revolution of the tarsus. I have specimens from Montreal, Canada, under leaves, in winter ; Boston, Mass., on fences, in October; and Cambridge, Mass., under leaves. Lophomma elongata, new. Plate X, figure 2. Same colors as cristata^ but smaller, about r5">'" long. In the female the front middle eyes arc more prominent and farther from the side pairs than in cristata. In the male the lower part of the head carrying the front middle eyes is much as in cristata, but the upper horn or hum)) is larger and lower and the eyes on the top of it are farther a])art. The male palpi haVe the tibia similarly expanded, but the hook is longer and wider. The tubh. The middle of this hump is occupied by four clusters of flat bristles, and the hind eyes are crowded back over the holes in the side ol the head. The side eyes are larger than the others, and the front ])air of these larger than the hind ones. On the male palpi the tibial hook is turned toward the side. Fig. Sc. The palpal organ has a long tube as in Cornicularia. One male, IVom Mt. Washington, above trees. This species is very near Wulckenoira diceras Camb., and may prove to be the saine species. Liophocarenum, longitarsus, new. Plate XIII, figure 4. Length 1'5""", Cephalothorax dark reddish brown. Legs orange- brown. Abdomen gray. The head of the male is wide and not much elevated, and there is hardly a trace of a hump. The holes are just behind the eyes and the dark brown conical cavities extending from them toward the middle of the head can be seen through the skin. The absence of a hump leaves the eyes nearer together than in most species. The mandibles are wide at the tip and have the tooth near the inner angles longer than the others. Fig. 45. The tibia of the male palpus has the front edge hard and finely toothed and a large tooth on the inner corner. The tarsal hook is large and sickle- shaped, with three stiflT hairs in the bend. The tarsus is long, and so is the palpal organ. The tube is slender and long enough to go around the end of the palpus. One male, White Mountains, near Mt. Washington. Lophocarenum pallidum, new. Plate XIII, figure 5. J. 3111111 io,]„_ Cephalothorax yellowish brown, a little darki^'r toward the head. Legs ligiit yellow. Abdomen yellowish gray. The hum}) of the male is farther back than in most species, and has a deep groove on each side. The holes in the head are just back of the lateral eyes. Fig. 5. Seen from in front the head is about as high as wide, and has the shape of a triangle with rounded corners. Tiie tibia of the male palpus is short and has a short hook turned inward. The tube J. H. Emerton — Nev^ England Tlierididce. 49 of the palpus is long enougli to turn one and a half times around the palpal organ, and the supporting appendages are thin and wide. White Mountains, near Mt. Washington. Lophocarenum longitubus, new. Plate XIII, figure 6. Length, r5""", Cephalothorax yellow-brown. Legs yellow. Ab- domen dark gray. The hump is rounded and does not extend far back on the head. The hind middle eyes are on the front of the hump. Each side of the hump is a horizontal groove, in the middle of which are the holes in the head. The tibia of the pali)iis has tw^o prominent black teeth. The tarsus is irregularly shaped and trun- cated at the outer end. The tube is long and stiff", and bends around the flat end of the tarsus. Three males from moss, east side of Mt. Washington. Lophocarenum rostratum, new. Plate XIY, figure 1. Length, 2"'"'. Color light brownish yellow on the cephalothorax and legs, and gray on the abdomen. It varies in different individuals, some having the abdomen almost black and the other parts proportion- ally dark. The hum)) of the male extends forward beyond the front of the head. Fig. \a. The hind middle eyes are on the top of the hump near the middle. The holes are in oval grooves just back of the side eyes. The tibia of the male palpus has a long and slender hook as long as the tarsus. The tube of the palpal organ passes round it once, and is supported at the end by a stout spine. The female is much like the male, but has no trace of the hump on the head. New Haven, Conn., under leaves in woods, common. Lophocarenum scopuliferum, new. Plate XIV, figure 2. This is a small dull-colored species, i-5'""' long. The head is ele- vated about as much as in spinifera, and the holes are in grooves above the side eyes. The male palpi have the tibia as large as the tarsus, which it partly covers. On its outer side is a row of long stiff hairs curved forward toward the end of the joint. The palpal organ is simple, all the parts being very small and short. The female has the head slightly elevated at the back part, and is about the same size and color as the male. Cambridge, Waltham and Roxbury, Mass., under leaves. Trans Conm. Acad., Yol. VI. 7 Oct., 1882. 50 J. II. Emertou — N'ew Emjhnid Therididm. Lophocarenum erigonoides, new. Plate XIV", figure 3. Length, 1*5""". Cephalothorax yellow-broAvn. Legs same color but lighter. Abdomen dark gray. Thorax and abdomen both low, and head but little elevated and slightly narrowed at the sides. Figs. 3, 3a. The holes are close behind the lateral eyes and are not in grooves. The tibia of the male palpus extends over the tarsus, and has an oblique black tooth at the end and a rounded lobe below it. The tarsal hook is short and wide like Erufone. The tube is coiled half round the end of the palpus, along with a slightly longer flexiV)le appendage. Fig. 36. Beverly, j\Lass., E. Burgess, Lophocarenum latum, new. Plate XIV, figure 4. This is a short and wide species. The cephalothorax is nearly as broad as long. The grooves on the sides of the hump extend obliquely backward from the lateral eyes, and have the holes at the lower end. The tibia is widened and has a rounded tooth half its width at the end. Fig. 4J. The tube and its support are both small. Fig. Ac. One male, Watertown, Mass., under leaves in winter. Lophocarenum simplex, new. Plate XIV, figure 5. A small species, l"5""" long. Lighter colored than most species. Legs and cephalothorax light yellow-brown. Abdomen gray. Head slightly elevated. Holes behind and above the lateral eyes in shallow grooves, a slight depression in the front of the head below the upper eyes. The male palpus has the tibia extending half its length over the tarsus, and lias a small hook at the end. The tube and append- ao'cs of the pali»al organ are short. Figs. 5c, bd. One male under leaves in a maple swam}) near the floating bridge, Salem, Mass. Lophocarenum depressum, new. Plate XIV, figure 6. Leno-th, 2'"'". Colors the usual dull brown and gray. The legs in niv specinun are dark brown, but are ]irobably discolored by drying O" dirty alcohol. The ^ cephalotliorax is very low for this genus, and the hump just behind the eyes is lower in the mi«ldle than at the J. H. Emertoa — Ne'io England lliericUdie. 51 sides, where it widens slightly over the lateral grooves, in which are the holes in the head. The male palpus has the tibial hook straight and toothed on the inner side toward the tip. The tube of the jjalpal organ is very small and is supported by a stout smooth spine. One male from Mt. Washington, N. H., in moss. Lophocarenum crenatum, new. Plate XIV, figure 7. Length, 2""". Cephalothorax dark brown. Abdomen black. Legs orange-brown. The cephalothorax is very hard and solid above and below, without the usual soft space between the legs. The head portion is much elevated in both sexes but slightly more in the male, where it is narrowed up behind the eyes, and has the usual holes in shallow oval grooves. The edge of the thorax is scolloped between the legs. P"'ig. 7. The palpi of the female have the two end joints twice as thick as the others. The abdomen of both sexes is short and pointed behind. The male palpi are not much larger than those of the female. The tibial joint is wide and truncated on the upper side, and the tarsus is short and round. Fig. 7c. The palpal organ itself has a very short tube and appendages. This was found twice in Beverly, Mass., under leaves, and abund- antly on fences in New Haven, Conn., during the autumn flights. Lophocarenum vernale, new. Plate XIV, figure 8. About IS""™ long. Legs light yellow. Cephalothorax same color, a little darker. In the male the head is darkened with gray, and in the only specimen I have all the colors are deeper than in the female. The head of the male is but little elevated. The eyes are all below the hump and close together on the front of the head. Fig. 8. The holes in the head are very small and behind and above the lat- eral eyes in a dark brown stripe. The tube of the palpal organ is long and curved round the end of the tai'sus. The tarsal hook is flat and sharply curved and has three stiff" hairs in the l)end. The tibia has a short straight hook where it reaches over the tarsus, and a thicker process farther back on the outer side. Figs. Sa, Sb. The epigynum is wide and the edges curve forward and inward at the sides. In the middle is an indistinct ridge which widens at the end like a middle htbe. I found a male and female of this species under a stone together, in March, on Fine Rock, New Haven, Conn. 5^ -/ H. Emerton — Nein England Therididm. TmetiCUS Menge. These spiders are all small and dull colored, many of them appear- ing like young of larger species. They usually have short legs and a low body like the smaller species of TAnyphia^ between which and this genus it is hard to draw a line. The males do not have any horns or humps, though they sometimes differ in size from the females. The males of several species have a prominent tooth on the front of the mandibles near the inner coi-ner. Plate XV. The male palpi have the tibia? widened at the distal end and furnished with various teeth and hooks, the shape of whicii is characteristic of the various species, and is the plainest ditterence between this genus and the smaller Linyphia. The tarsal hook is smaller than in Linyphla and less variable. Plate XV. They are found under leaves in winter and but seldom on bushes even in summer. This group corresponds tolerably well with Menge's Tinetictis, and I have accordingly adopted that name for it. It also includes many of Blackwall's Neriene. Tmetictis probatus (Camb.) Erigone prolata Camb., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875. Plate XV, figure 1. Leno-th I'S to 1-8°^"'. Cephalothorax yellowish brown. Legs dull yellow. Abdomen gray with five or six pairs of obscure yellowish transverse markings. The amount of color varies in different indi- viduals, some being almost black and others very pale. The mandibles are longer than the head is high and taper slightly toward the tips. Except in the sexual organs, there is but little difference between the sexes. The male palpi are large and dark colored. The tibia is as wide as long with a hollow in the middle surrounded by various processes. Figs. 1, \a. The tarsal hook is short and thick and partly covered by the teeth of the tibia. The tube of the })alpal organ is short and sixrrounded by short and complicated appendages. Fig, la. Theepigynum has a smooth edge just over the fold, and in light colored specimens the external parts show through the skin just in front of it. This is found commonly on fences in autumn in Boston, Mass., and New Haven, Conn., and occurs under leaves in the neighborhood of both these places. ./. IJ. Emerton — Kew England l%ericUdce. 53 Tmeticus tridentatus, new. Plate XY, figure 2. Length, 2""". Legs orange-brown. Cephalothorax dark brown. Abdomen dark gray with five or six pairs of lighter spots. The mandibles of the male have a row of hooked teeth on the outer front edge. The female has slight traces of the same teeth. The male has a strong tooth on the front of the ends of the mandibles, which is wanting in the female. The male palpus has the til)ia as wide at the outer end as long, with a wide tooth projecting over the tarsus. Fig. 2e. The palpal organ has three teeth attached by the base to a semicircular hard portion of the organ. Fig. 2e. The epigynum has the upper edges united in the middle and prolonged backward at the corners, forming a triangular opening over the rounded middle lobe. Providence, R. L, and New Haven, Conn., under leaves ; S and ? on fences in November. Tmeticus plumosus, new. Plate XV, figure 3. Length, 1'5™"\ Abdomen gray. Cephalothorax yellowish brown. Legs yellow, much like many other species. The male palpi have the tibiae widened, and with several lobes and teeth on the edges. Fig. 3a. The tarsal hook is large and stout, with two teeth at the end. The palpal organ is of a complicated shape, but has in plain sight on the unde]' side a peculiar aj^pendage covered with stiff bristles. Fig, ■ih. The mandibles have a small tooth in front. Males only, from Montreal, Canada ; Mt. \A^ashington, N. H. ; and Beverly, Mass. Tmeticus trilobatus, new. Plate XV, figure 4. Length, r6 to 1-8™"', Cephalothorax and legs dull yellow-brown, the legs a little lighter. Abdomen yellowish gray. The mandibles of the male have a tooth on the inner corner of the tip. Tlie palpal or- gan is very similar to that o? tridentatus. The tibial hook is narrower and more twisted. The three teeth on the palpal organ are not so distinctly united at their base to a horny ridge as in tridentatus. The outer edge of the epigynum, Fig. 46, is deeply divided in the middle, showing the pointed middle lobe beneath. The two lobes of the upper edge extend backward half their length beyond the fold of the 54 J. II. Emertot) — New Emjland Therididm. abdomen. The colors and whole appearance of this spider make it resemble the young of larger species. I have found it under leaves near Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Mass., and abundantly on fences at New Haven, Conn., during the autumn flights. Tmeticus contortus, new. Plate XV, figure 5. This is another immature appearing species, slightly wider across the thorax than the last and darker colored. The shape of the palpus is very distinctive. Figs. 5, 5a. The tibia is turned aside at an angle of 45° with the rest of the palpus, and carries the triangular tarsus at the outer end. On the curved part of the tibia is a lai-ge and a small tooth. Fig. 5a. Cambridge and Waltham, Mass. Tmeticus longisetosus, new. Plate XVI, figure 1. About 2""" long, light grayish yellow. The mandibles of the male have a prominent tooth on the inner corner projecting forward. Figs. la. The ]>arts of the palpal organ are small but the tarsal hook is large with two teeth on the end, as in the preceding species. Near the base of the tarsal hook are two stout bristles as long as the tarsus and curved so as to fit against its edge. Figs. 15, <*, d. New Haven, Connecticut, under leaves Oct. 15, 1880. Tmeticus pertinens, Erigone pertinens Camb., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875. Plate XVI, figure 2. Length, 2-5""". Cephalothorax wide and ))alj)i short. Cej)halo- thorax vdlow-brown, legs same color but lighter. Abdomen dark gray. The sexes are much alike. The male has the usual tooth on the front of the mandibles. The male palpi have the tibia expanded, with the two large teeth tui'ued o\it\vard on the upper side. The tarsal hook is flat with two teeth. Fig. 2. The appendages of the palpal organ are large and C()ns[)icuous. The e[»igynum lias the two upper lobes about as wide as the middle one and sei)arated more than their width from each other. Fig. 2^'. J. II. Emerton — New ErKjland Therldidw. 55 Tmeticus montanus, new. Plate XVI, figure 3. About 1-5""" long and dull colored. Abdomen dark gray. Ceph- alothorax yellow-brown. Legs same color, but paler. The cephalo- tliorax has an indistinct dark stripi; each side near the edge. Males a little smaller than females. Mandibles of male without teeth in froiU. Tibia of male palpus as wide as long with a short curved tooth on the upper side. Tarsal hook wide, like Erigone^ with a tooth at the outer corner. The tube of the palpal organ is moderately long and supported only at the tij) by a thin appendage. Fig. 36. The epigynum is slightly raised and dark brown, the middle lobe very narrow and separated from the side lobes by shallow grooves ending in slight notches at the edge. From moss on various parts of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, from Hermit T^ake to the highest trees. Tmeticus pallidus, new. Plate XVI, figure 4. This spider is little over 1""" long and very pale colored. I^egs and ce)>ha]othorax light yellow. Abdomen pale gray, almost white. Eyes with black rings. Epigynum without any distinct grooves or notches and showing the dark brown spermathecte through the skin. The males are of the same size and color as the females. The mandi- bles have no prominent teeth in front. The tibia has a very long hook which extends nearly to the end of the tarsus. It has a wide tooth near the middle and a very narrow and slightly curved tip. The palpal organ has the tube and its appendages very narrow and simple. Fig. 4a. New Haven, Conn., and neighborhood. Tmeticus maximus, new. t Plate XVI, figure 5. This is a large species nearly 3""" long. The colors are dark. Cephalothorax yellowish brown, darker and reddish toward the head. Legs lighter yellowish brown. Abdomen gray. The mandibles have a prominent tooth on the front inner side. The tibia of the male palpus is small and has a short j^rocess i-oughened at the tip on the upper side. The tarsus is long. The tarsal hook is large and dark colored, with two teeth on the curved end. The palpal organ is large and dark brown, l)ut the tube and its supporting appendages are small. 56 fJ. IT. Eniertou — Nevi Enxjlmid TherididcB. One male only, from Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, in moss, half way up. Tmeticus tibialis, new. PlATK XVI, FIGURK 6. The c-ephalothorax, legs and paljii aie of a nearly uniforni light hrownish yellow and the abchirnen is nearly the same color. The male palpi are short. The tibial joint is short and wide and has a long curved process on the outer side nearly as long as the tarsus. The tarsus is short and truncated at the tip. The tarsal hook is wide nt the base and turned abruptly backward at the end. The palpal organ is small. The tube is curved ami su))ported by two short appendages. The female supposed to be of this species is about the same size and color. The epigynum is short and wide. The middle lobe covers over half the width and is slightly narrowed toward the edge. The side lobes are darker colored and thickened and separated by a shalloAV notch from the middle lobe. A male and a female from the up])er part of Mt. Washington, between it and Mt. Clay, in June. Tmeticus bostoniensis. new. Plate XVII, figure 1. A large species, about 2".5'"'" long. Cephalothorax yellowish brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen dark gray. Legs slender. Mandibles with- out the front tooth. Tibia of male palpus short with a large double process on the outside, half as long as the tarsus. The tarsal hook has a very peculiar shape, it is curved outward at the end as usual, but the end is nearly as wide as the hook is long and has two spread, ing teeth. The tube of the palpal organ is long and curves across the truncateri end of the tarsus. One male from a fence in Boston, in October. Tmeticus bidentatus, new. Plate XVI F, figure 2. Length, ••5""". C\'))halothorax yellowish gray. Legs sanu' color, but lighter. Abdomen gray, darkest beneath, in some specimens dark, in others almost white. Cephalothorax oval. The small size and dull coloi's make the lemMles look like young of some larger species. The tibia of the male pal[)us is wide and extends slightly over the tarsus, where it has two short rounded teetlv. The outer J. H. Etnerton — New England Therididm. 51 half of the tibia is dark colored. The tarsal hook is small and lies partly in a holloAV in the edge of the tarsus. Several places on Mt. Washington, N. H. Tmeticus concavus, new., Plate XVII, figure 3. Length, I'.j""". Abdomen gray. Cephalothorax l)rownish yellow with black edges. Legs dull yellow. Male palpi small. Tarsal hook half as long as the tarsus, with a hollow in the middle bounded by two ridges, one near the base of the hook and the other parallel to it just beyond the notch. The palpal organ has two sharp black points and a curved soft appendage at the end. The tarsus is much longer and thicker than the tibia. Maple swamp at Clarendon Hills, near Boston, in large numbers. Pine swamp. New Haven, Tmeticus microtarsus, new. Plate XVII, figure 4. Length, 1-5""". Cephalothorax and legs dull grayish yellow. Ab- domen gray. IMale palpi very small, the tarsus oval and the palpal organ small and without any large projecting processes. The tarsal hook is flat and fits close against the palpal organ. It has a short hook at the end. The tibia is about half as long as tlie tarsus and at the outer end nearly as wide as the tarsus. Its edge has no teeth or large notches. Mt. Washington, IST. H., in moss, under the highest trees. Tmeticus truncatus, new. Plate XVII, figure 5. Length, about 2""". Cephalothorax and legs brownish yellow. Abdomen light gray. Head wide just behind the eyes. Eyes small, surrounded by black rings. The tibia of the male palpus is nearly as long as the tarsus. It is widened at the distal end, and as seen from above has a nearly straight front edge. On the outer side is a deep notch. The tarsus is short and blunt at the end. Mt. Washington, in moss, under tJie highest trees. Tmeticus terrestris, new. Plate XVII, figure 6. Length, about l-5"'"\ Cephalothorax dark yellow-brown. Legs and palpi same color but lighter. Abdomen gray. The mnle palpi Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 8 Oct., 1882. 58 J. 11. Einerton-New Eiujland Therididm. are sliort luul small. The tibia is widened at the end but does not extend much over the tarsus. The tarsal hook is Hat and curved backward at the end, under whi(;h is a blunt tooth. The palpal organ is small. ]\[t. Tom, Holyoke, Mass., and Salem, Mass., under leaves. Tnieticus brunneus, now. Plate XVII, figure 7. Cephalothorax, i-2"'"" k>ng and dark brown. The head is wide and round, and the eyes small. The mandibles are long and without a large tooth in front. The legs are stout and brownish yellow. The palpi are short, a little longer than the femur of the tirst legs. The tibia of the male palpus is short except on the upper side, where it extends over the tarsus. The tarsal hook is large and wide at the base, curving outward at the tip, which is slightly widened. The tarsus and palpal organ are dark brown and about as wide as long. The tube appears to be partly hidden under the edge of the tarsus and supported at the end by various short processes. One male only, from Mt. Washington, N. H. Erigone (Menge.) In this genus I include only those spiders of wliich the males have long palpi with a tooth under the end of the patella. The maxillaa and the mandibles are much thickened at the base. The tarsus and palpal organ are small. The females diifer but little from those of the related genera. Erigone anttimnalis, new. Plate XYII, figure 8. This is smaller than the other species, being little over a millimeter long. The colors are lighter than usual. The abdomen is yellowish gray, the legs orange-yellow, and the cephalothorax bright orange, especially on the head and mandibles. The eyes are surrounded with black. The bright color of the head makes this spider easy to recognize among the species which fly in autumn. The males and females are of the same size and color, though the latter are slightly paler. The mandibles of the male are large* and have two rows of strong teeth inside the tip. The palpi have a long and pointed spur on the patella. Fig. 8J. The tibia is short but expanded as iisual at the end. The palpal organ is much like the other species. This species is common on fences in October and November, in J. IT. Enierton — New England TherkUdce. 59 Boston, Mass., and New Haven, Conn. 1 have also found a few specimens under leaves in woods. Erigone longipalpis? Plate XVII, figures 9 and 10. Of this group, whatever it may be called, I have a large number of specimens, which I am unable to separate into distinct species, though there are great differences among them. The size varies from i'5™°^ to 2'5'""\ The color of the cephalothorax and legs varies from dark gray to bright orange-brown. The maxillae are thickened at the base more in the males than in the females. The mandibles of the males are long and thick in the middle but narrowed toward the base. The male palpi are very long but the length and shape of the different joints varies greatly in different individuals. The most common form, an average specimen of which is drawn in Fig. 9, has the patella and tibia of nearly equal length and both together about as long as the femur. This, however, varies in different individuals. The palpal organ has the tube short with a curved tooth on the end beyond the opening. Near the tube are two soft appendages and various teeth and processes as in other varieties. I have found these abundant in Boston and New Haven on fences in November and October. They have been named Erigone dentigera by Cambridge, in Proc. Zool. Sec. London, 1874. With the above occurred another variety, Fig. 10, which Cambridge identiiied with the European longi- palpis. It is somewhat larger and brighter colored on the cephalo- thorax and legs. The head is more abruptly elevated, the palpi are longer, and the teeth on the femur and around the edge of the thorax are larger. The palpal organ is longer and the tube has a longer and straight point, Fig. 10a, beyond its opening. A male from Essex, Mass., has the head higher and the palpi nearly as long, but the tibia is shorter and much widened at the end. Another male from Danvers, Mass., has the same flaring tibia and similar palpal organ, but is smaller and has much shorter palpi than most of the others. The epigynum in the most common form has a large opening covered by a projecting hood, around the edge of which is a thickened rim that may be mistaken for the tubes of the spermatheca3. I have numer- ous females which I am unable to classify or to connect Avit-h the varieties of males. Bo J. H. Emerton — New England TJiericticM. Gonatium Menge. Gonatium rubens (Meuge.) Neriene rubens Blk., Spiders of Great Britain. Gonatium cheliferum Menge, Preiiss. Spinn. Plate XXIII, figuee 6 to 6c. The males of tliis species are distinguished by the large femoral joints of the palpi. Fig. 6. Both sexes are 2-5""" long. The cephalothorax is bright orange with a little black between the eyes, from which two or three indistinct lines run back to the dorsal groove. The head is slightly elevated in females and the front middle eyes project beyond the others. In males the part of the head about the eyes is narrowed and much higher. The legs and palpi are light yellow or orange, and the abdomen is gray, usually light, bi;t in some specimens almost black. The epigynuni is dark brown and raised slightly beyond the surface of the abdomen. Fig. 6c. The palpi of males are very stout. Figs. 6, Q>h. The femora are thick and extend upward to a point opposite the eyes, and this point is covered with short black teeth. The patella and tibia are short ; the latter has a long hook which bends over the tarsus. Fig. 6. The palj)al organ, Fig. 6a, has a long slender tube supported by an equally slender process about half its length. Between these is a thin flat aj^pendage, and near the tip several soft appendages with finely-cut edges. The front legs of the male are also modified. Fig. 6. The femur has a row of long hairs on the front or under side. The tibia is bent and has a line of long hairs on the under side. The metatarsus has a row of 'still stronger hairs on the under side and is slightly bent at the upper end. I have not found this spider common anywhere but have specimens from Beverly, Sal-em, Lynn and Qnincy, Mass., and Meriden, Conn. Some were sifted from leaves, others taken on fences in autumn. Linyphia (Latr.) Menge. These are the largest s[)iders in this sub-family. They live in comparatively open situations and are brightly colored. The cephalo- thoi'ax is long and the legs long and slender with distiiu-t spines. The abdomen is slightly flattened on the back except in L. phrygiana,, and in iiiarinoratd and convti/uiifi it is widest behind the middle. The ei)igynutn has two large openings without any complicated parts over them. The tarsal hook of the male i)alj>us is very small and sickle-shaped. The tube of the i)al})al organ is short and supported by a thick spirally-grooved i)rocoss, except in Dumdibulata, which J. H. Emerton — New England Therictidoe. 61 has the tube extremely long. The males of several species differ greatly from the females. Linyphia marginata C. Koch. Linyphia scrijjta Hentz, and probably L. marmoraia ITentz. Plate XVIII, figure 1. Length of either sex about 4'"'". Cephalothorax of female yellowish brown with a light stripe on the edges each side. The abdomen is egg-shaped, thickest behind and somewhat flattened at both ends. In the middle of the back of the abdomen, Fig. 1, is a dark stripe consisting of several partly separate patches in which are two or three pairs of light spots. Each side of this strij^e the back is yel- lowish vvliite, and whitish and brown stripes extend irregularly down the sides. The under side of the abdomen is dark brown, with two rows of whitish spots along the sides. The sternum is also dark brown. The legs are light yellow with long, dark colored spines. The claws are slender with sharp teeth. They become stiff and brittle in alcohol. The front legs are 9™™ or 10™™ long. The males are about as long as the females, but have the thorax larger and abdomen smaller. The cephalothorax is redder and the lighter margins less distinct. The abdomen is dark brown or gray with the light markings almost covered up, except one spot on each side which is usually distinct. The eyes of the male are smaller than those of the female, but the head has nearly the same shape and height. The mandibles of the male are wider at the tip, with two prominent teeth, one at the inner corner and the other in the middle. Those of the female have three teeth near the inner corner. The male palpi have a slender sickle-shaped tarsal hook. Fig. 1/. The tube of the palpal organ is short and thick and it is accompanied by a thin forked appendage and a softer rough one, all of which i-est against a large, ■ dark brown, twisted process. Figs. Ig, \h. Another process of the palpal organ has an irregular toothed edge where it approaches the spiral process and tapers backward to a point near the base of the tarsus. Fig. \g. The epigynum has a very large opening directed backward, covered by a dark brown skin. The male and female may be seen pairing in the web in June^for hours at a time, the male taking out his palpus and putting it in again every minute or two. The web consists of a large irregular net of threads in which is a smooth and finer sheet, concave below and held by threads running in all directions. The spider stands under the middle of the concave part of the web and catches what falls down from the irregular 62 J. H. Emerton — ISTeto England IVierididce. tlireads above. There is often an imperfect sheet of web below, which I suppose to be an abandoned web and not a necessary part of the one in use. The threads of this web often look purple in the sun- light. This is one of the most common spiders in the woods, making its webs among the underbrush, a foot or two from the ground. It also spins among rocks and in stone walls. Common all over New England. Hentz found both marmorata and scripta in Alabama. It is also common in Europe. Linyphia communis Hentz, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. Plate XVIIl, figure 2. The sexes of this spider dilFer greatly in size and color. The female is 3 '5™"' to 4'"'" long. Longest legs, 6""". The cephalothorav, mandibles, and sternum are yellowish brown. Legs and palpi dull yellow. Abdomen chocolate-brown above and below, with five pairs of white markings on the sides. The cephalothorax is high in front. The abdomen is proportionally larger than in marmorata and similarly truncated behind. The male is 2*5""" long with legs as long as those of the female but more slender. The cephalothorax, mandibles and palpi are bright orange-brown, but the sternum is darker, like the female, as is the under side of the abdomen. The back of the abdomen is light yellow-brown, with indistinct markings on the sides similar to those of the female. The web of this species consists of a net of irregular threads one foot or more high, under which is a closer flat- sheet 4 to 5 inches wide, and convex below, where the spider stands. Below this, at a distance of 1 inch, is another similar sheet of web held in place by threads running in all dii-ections. Small insects flying into the upper part of the web strike their wings against the threads and fall gradu- ally down to the close web at the bottom, where they are caught and drawn through by the spider, as in the concave web of marginata. What the use of the lower sheet of web is, I have not seen. Males and females are found in the web together in July. The upper part of the web is often occupied by Argyrodes trigomim. This spider is found from Mt. Washington, N. II., to New Haven, Conn. Ilentz says it is common in the South. Linyphia Clathrata 8uud. Tlior. Sjmonyms European Spiders. Plate XVIII, figure 3. This species is 3""" long. The cephalothorax is yellowish brown, with a darker strii)e on llie middle. The legs are yellow or orange J. II. Emertoii — New Unglaiul Theridklm. 63 and shorter and stouter tlian in the other species. The abdomen is long-oval, light yellow above, with dark brown markings which sometimes nearly cover it. The under side of the abdomen and sternum are dark brown. The epigynum has a large opening in the middle. Fig. 3cZ. The palpal organ has a spiral spine at the end crossed by radiating lines. A large triangular appendage near the base shuts over the others. Figs. 3(?>, 3c. The tarsal hook is-very small and slender. I have only a few specimens of this spider. The web is Hat and near the ground. The spider stands at one side like L. Phrygian a. Eastern Massachusetts. I have compared the American specimens with a few European clathrata and believe they are the same. Linyphia phrygiana c. Koch. L. costata Heutz. Plate XIX, figure 1. Length, 5'"™. Cephalothorax light yellow, with a black line in the middle forked at the forward end, and a black line each side on the edge of the thorax. Legs light yellow, with a dark I'ing on the end of each joint and the middle of each tibia and metatarsus. The legs have also many dark spots, especially on the femora. The spines of the legs are black and conspicuous. The abdomen is yellowish with brown spots at the sides and beneath, and a dark brown or reddish herring-bone stripe along the middle of the back. The head of the male is twice as high as that of the female, and has a cluster of stiff hairs on the top. The male palpi have a long spur on the patella. The tarsal hook is longer than in the neighboring species but thin and sickle-shaped. The palpal organ itself is small and resembles that of cotnmimis. Fig. le. The epigynum has two openings partly covered by a triangular lobe, which extends backward over the middle of the epigynum.* Fig. 1/*. This is a very common species, both in town and country. It builds in fences and low bushes a large flat web, and stands concealed under one corner of it, running out quickly if anything touches it. Mt. Washington, N. H. ; Eastport and Portland, JMe. ; Boston, Mass. ; Albany, N. Y. ; Connecticut. Probably all over the United States and Europe. 64 J. II. E)iierton — New England Therididm. Linyphia mandibulata, new. Plate XIX, figure 2. About tlie same size as communis, or a little laru:er. The female resembles the other species, but the male diifei's from them in the great length of the mandibles and the tube of the palpal organs. It resembles closely X. pusilla of Europe, but in my specimens the males liave the back of the cepluvlothorax straight, not arched as in pusilla. The mandibles are slightly longer and wider at the end an, Ic. The tarsal hook is flat and wide, and the forward corner of the base runs to a shai-p point. The tibia is slightly widened at the end, and has several large hairs on the inner side. This species lives under stones and logs, and I have occasionally found it under leaves in woods in winter. Salem, Mass.; Providence, R. I. ; and New Haven, Conn. It is also a common European species. Diplostyla. Stylophora Mcnge. These spiders resemble Bathi/phaiites, except in their copulatory organs. They are all small spiders, living under leaves and low plants. The tarsus of the male palpus is long and the tube of the palpal organ extends outward to its truncated tip, where the tube is coiled in a flat s]>iral. PI. XX. The tarsal hook is large and curved forward. The tube is supported by several strong pro- cesses near its base, and has a soft fringed appendage near its tip. The epigynum has two large openings, between which two soft appendages project backward. Diplostyla nigrina (Werst.) Thor. Bit thy})] Hint es terricolus Menge. Plate XX, figure 2. This spider is about 2"5"'"^ long. Cephalothorax and legs yellow- brown. Abdomen black or dark gray, with five or six transverse light markings, usually in the male and sometimes in the female, broken into pairs of spots. The epigynum has long flexible processes, one from the upper and one from the under edge. The openings are at the base of these processes. Figs. 2c, 2d. The tarsus of the male palpus is truncated at the end and slightly narrowed in the middle. The tai'sal hook is long and conspicuous. It is bent in a short curve at th.e end and is widened at the tip. The tube and one of its large appendages are twisted in a circle round the end of the tarsus, Trans. Conk. Acad., Vol. VI. 9 Oct., 1882. 66 J. TI. Emerton — Nexo England Therididce. witli tlie ends of the soft appendages inside tlie circle and a stout straight appendage outside, Mt. Washington, N. H. ; Eastern Massachusetts; Providence, R. I., under leaves. Diplostyla concolor (Reuss). Stylophora concolor Menge. Plate XX, figure 3. Length about 2"'°' in both sexes. Cephalothorax yellow-brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen dark gray or brownish. The copulatory organs, are unlike any other native species. The epigynum has a long flexible process on the upper edge, extending back to the middle of the abdomen. Under the base of this process are the two holes of the epigynum, between which is another soft process more slender and half as long as the upper one. Tlie tarsus of the male palpus is long and tapering. The tarsal hook is thickened at the base and extends half the length of the tarsus, it is curved outward at the end, and the tip is rounded and lias a slight notcli near the end. The tube and other appendages parallel with it curve upAvard from the base of the tai'sus and extend in nearly a straight line to its extremity, over which this tube is twisted round in nearly a circle. The soft tips of the inner appendages are also twisted around with it. This is common under leaves in winter. I have it from Cambridge and Salem, Mass.; Montreal, Canada; and New Haven, Conn. Diplostyla canadensis, new. Plate XXI, figuke 1. This species resembles I). n![/rina but is smaller and has no markings on the abdomen. It is about 2'""' long. The cephalothorax and abdomen dark. Legs light yellow-brown. The male palpi are short and the palpal organ shorter than in nigrina. The tarsal hook is as long as in nigrina, but narrower at the end, one corner of which ends in a fine point. The tube is similar to that of nigrina. One male from Montreal, Canada. Drapetisca Menji;e. Contains only 7>. sociaUs, which has long spines on the palpi and leo-s the abdomen flat and wide behind with peculiar black and white markings. PI. XXI. The male palpus has :\. large curved process at the base of the tarsus behind the tai-snl hook. The epigy- num. Fig. 2i, is long and not folded, and extends backward along the under side of the abdomen. J. H. Emerton — JSTeto England TherkUdce. G7 Drapetisca socialis (Siuid.) Menge. Plate XXI, figure 2. Length, 2'5""". Cephalothorax Avhite Avitli black edges, a black spot in front under the eyes, and a black mark in the middle, from which indistinct dark lines radiate toward the edge. The abdomen is white with black or dark gray markings. On each side of the front of the abdomen is a distinct black stripe. In the middle is a row of irregular spots in pairs, connected together and with a middle line. The legs are white with dark rings at the end and middle of each joint ; they have long spines. The nnder side of the body is white. The epigynum is long, widened toward the end. Fig. 2h, and not folded. Male with the iisual differences from female. The tarsus of the male palpus has a long process curved behind it, besides the tarsal hook. The mandibles have six teeth in front of the claw and several thick hairs at the upper part along the edge of two black marks. Eastport, ^le., on bark of spruce trees, which they closel)^ resemble in color; Mt. Washington, in moss among highest trees; Beverly and Danvers, Mass., on bark and under leaves. It lives also in Europe. Menge found it common in Prussia on bark of spruce trees, without any web. Helophora Menge. Contains oidy H. insignis. The epigynum is long and straight, covered with hairs nearly to the end. The tube of the palpal organ is long and slender, supported by a short thin appendage at the end, and by a longer one which curves ai'ound the base of the palpal organ. The tarsal hook is small and the tibia has various spines and processes. Helophora insignis (Blk.) Thor., Svn. Eur. Spiders. Helojjhora 2yallescens Menge. Plate XXI, figure 3. Length 3'"™. Cephalothorax and legs light yellow. Abdomen dark gray to white, without markings, or with gray stripes at the sides across the back. The cephalothorax is twice as wide across the middle as at the head. Legs without markings. Epigynum long and straight, reaching to the middle of the abdomen, with openings at the end, Fig. 3b, the tubes inside showing indistinctly through the skin. The palpal organ has a long curved tube, supported by a short thin appendage at the end, and both are nearly surrounded by a long thin appendage, under the end of which is a soft finger-like process. 68 J. IT. Emerton — Neio England TherididiB. Tlie tarsal liook has two hard ])oiiits near where it touches the tibia, one of wliich is curved outward. The tibia lias just behiiul tlie tarsal hook three strong bristles, each of wliicli is raised on a rounded pi'ocess. Beverly, Mass., in low bushes. Bathyphantes JMenge. lucluding Leptliyphantes Menge. This genus includes most of the small species of the old genus Linyphia. I do not see why the two species of Eepthyphmites should be separated from Bathyphantes, as they differ but little except in size. The abdomen in this geiuis is oval and high in front and pointed l>ehind. The colors are usually gray and black, in transvei'se stripes or pairs of long spots, but some species have bright yellow or orange on tlie head and legs. The epigynum in this genus is long and folded, so that the end with the opening is partly concealed under the outer fold. This may be seen with the naked eye in the larger species. The male palpi have the tarsal hook very large and of complicated shapes. The tube of the palpal organ itself is short and thick, and usually hard to distinguish from the large appendages by which it is surrountled. The legs are long and slender, and the spines large and distinct. In the latter characters it differs from Microneta. Bathyphantes minuta (Blk.) Thor., Syn. European Spiders. Lq>lliy2)hantes inuscicola Menge. Plate XXJ, figure 4. This is 3'""' long, a little smaller than nehtdosa. The ce])halo- thorax is yellowish brown, darker at the edges but without any middle line. The dark markings on the abdomen nearly cover it, so that it appears dark gray with transverse light markings, or three or four pairs of white spots. The legs are light broAvnish yellow with dark rings on the ends and middle of the tibije and fenu)ra. The epigynum is folded twice and when exteiuled is as long as the abdo- men. The ])alpal organ has the same long thin a])pendage, toothed at the end, as in nehtdosa, and the swollen tul)e is plainly seen at its side. Fig. 4a, The tarsal hook is very large and has a narrow tip. At the base of the tarsal hook is a prominent ridge on the tar- sus, and the tarsus has on the outer side, at the base, a conical point without hairs and roughened with short ridges. Fig. 4, x. It lives in cellars and similar places, sometimes in company with nehidosa. Salem, Cambridge, and Beverly, Mass, J. H. Emerton — Ne\o England Theridldm. 69 Bathyphantes nebulosa (Simd.) Thor., Syn. Eur. Spiders. Lepth'ijplumtes cryptkola Meuge. Plate XXII, figure 1. Perhaps Linyphia autumnalls lleiitz. Length 4""". Color liglit brownish yellow with gray or blackish markings. Some specimens are almost white, others are very dark with the black spots covering a large part of the body. The cephalothorax has a forked dark stripe along the middle and dark stripes near the edge on each side. The abdomen lias six or seven pairs of irregular dark spots more or less connected with a dark central line. The under side of the abdomen and steinum have black spots which in dark individuals are run together, making these parts entirely black. The legs have dark rings on the ends and middle of the femoi-a and tibite. The spines on the legs are long and darker yellow than the skin. The epigynum is folded twice over the middle lobe of the end, with its opening just visible beyond the outer fold. Fig. 2c. The palpal organ is one of the most complicated in the family, though the parts are folded together so closely that oidy the outer long appeiulage with a toothed end and the tips of the inner parts are visible. I have figured the palpus of this species, with the parts separated by pressure, in the reprint of Hentz's Araneides of the United States, under the name of Linyphia autumnalis Hentz. The tarsal hook is large and complicated, and the tibia has a hard process grooved and toothed at the end. (Fig. \d.) I liavo found this spider in cellars and other damp and shady places about houses, with flat webs, under which they stood near the edge or corner. I have compared several European suecimens and believe this to be the same as Lepthypliantes crypticola Menge. This species is perhaps imported. Salem and Cambridge, Mass., and Albany, N. Y. Bathyphantes zebra, new. Plate XXII, figure 2. Length, 2""". Cej^halothorax bright yellow-brown, with indistinct gray stripes in the middle and at the sides, and very black around the eyes. The abdomen is crossed above by five or six gray and whitish stripes, with scattered silvery white spots. Below, the thorax and abdomen are both dark gray. All the parts of the palpal organ are twisted across it. The tarsal hook has a very characteristic shape too complicated to describe. Fig. 2. The epigynum is short and wide, folded under except the tip. Fig. 2a. This is very near and possibly identical with JB. zebrinus Menge. 70 J. H. Emerton — Isfew England Therididm. I have this from many ])laces in Eastern Massachusetts and from New Haven, Conn., under leaves in woods. Bathyphantes subalpina, new. Plate XXII, figurk 3. Length, 2""". My specimen has been dried and kept for a longtime in alcohol, so that the colors are darkened. The cephalothorax and legs were evidently light brownish yellow, and the abdomen whitish above, with five or six pairs of transverse l)lack spots. The under side of the abdomen and the sternum are black. The male palpi are large. The patella has a large bristle on the upper side. The tarsal hook is wide and turned up at the end. Fig. 3. The long append- age of the palpal organ has a sharp bend at the part over the tibia and turns upward, covering a large part of the organ. This resem- bles li. alpiita, but is larger and the hair on the patella and the three slits in the palpal organ are smaller. Mt. Adams, White Mountains, N. H. Bathyphantes alpina, new. Plate XXII, figure 4. About 2'5""" long. The colors are bright. Cephalothorax light bi'ownish yellow, slightly darker at the edges. Legs and paljii light yellow. Abdomen whitish above, with a black or dark band each side, irregularly scolloped on the inner edge. On the front of the abdomen is a dark median line, and behind it four or five pairs of black spots that do not extend quite to the tip. On the under side the abdomen is black, this color extending round the spiinierets. The sternum is also black. The epigynum is large and extends bej^ond the surface of the abdomen. The folded portion is small and narrow. Figs. 4^;, Ac. The male palpi are short and light colored. The tibia is short and wide, with vai'ious short processes on the edge. The tarsal hook is wide at the base and curves outward. The tip is flat and widened, and below it are three or four blunt teeth. On the patella is a long serrated spine. The largest appendage of the palpal organ is wide and divided into three teeth at the end ; it folds around the base of the palpal organ, and extends upward nearly to the end of the tarsus. Mt. Washington, N. 11., from Hermit Lake uj) to the highest trees. J. H. Emerton — Nexo England Therididce. 71 Bathyphantes angulata, new. Plate XXII, figure 5. Length, 1"'"'. Color dull gray, slightly tinged with yellow on the cephalothorax and legs. Palpal organ brownish. The tarsus of the male palpus has a prominent angle on the upper side and a short spur at the base where it overlaps the tibia. The tarsal hook is flat as in B. micaria, which this species much resembles in its palpal charac- ters. I do not know the females. Mt. Carmel, Hamden, Conn., and Mill Rock, New Haven. Bathyphantes formica, new. Plate XXII, figure 7. This species resembles B. micaria, but is larger and darker colored. The male is 2'""' long. The cephalothorax is about two-thirds as wide as long. The front of the head is nearly as wide as the widest part of the thorax. The abdomen is long and narrow and slightly constricted in the middle. The cephalothorax, palpi, sternum and femora are dark brown. The two basal joints of all the legs are white and the rest of the legs beyond the femur light yellow. The al)domen is black above and below. The femora of the palpi have stout strong spines near the outer end, three on the outer side and two on the inner. Figs. V, Ih. The tibia is short and wide and very irregular in shape. The tarsus is angular. The tarsal hook is flat as in micaria. Fig. la. Adult male, on a fence at New Haven, Conn., May, 1882, and young males in the same place in October. Bathyphantes micaria, new. Plate XXII, figure C. Length, 1 •5""". Legs long, the front pair twice as long as the body. Cephalothorax wide in front, yellow-brown, darkened at the sides with gray, black around tlie eyes. Abdomen long and narrow, whitish, with a transverse gray mark in front and two pairs of oblique gray stripes at the sides, grayish underneath. The legs are light yellow and grayish at the ends of the joints. The tarsus of the male palpus is angular, and has a sharp jtrocess half way between the most prominent corner and the til>ia. The tarsal hook is flat and wide, with a tliiu sharp point. Fig. 6. On fences in Octol^er, at New Haven, Conn. One adult male and several young. V2 J. TI. Emerton — JSTevi England Therididcu. Bathyphantes complicata, new. Plate XXIV. figure 8. Lengtli, 1-2""". Ceplialothorax and legs liglit orange. Abdomen gray. The most distinctive mark of this species is the complicated tarsal hook. Fig. 8. This has a short tooth in the uj)per and another in the lower side of the bend, and at the end has an oblique groove that makes it appear twisted. I'he palpal organ is also com- plicated, one long thin appendage bends around its base and extends nearly to its tip, where it meets the end of the tube which is short and thick. Halfway up Mt, Washington, N. H. Bathyphantes bihamata, new. Plate XXIII, figure 4. Length, 1'5""". My specimen has been dried, so that the colors are not natural, but the cephalotliorax appears to have been dark yellow- ish gray, the legs yellow, and the abdomen dark with indistinct light spots. The legs are long with some long spines. The male palpi are large. At the base of the the tarsus, near the tarsal hook, is a small process resembling the spur in several species of Mlcroneta. The tai'sal hook is large and bent around in a half circle. It has two small, thin teeth on the outer side. Fig. 4. Lower part of Mt. Washington, N. IL Bolyphantes (Koch.) Wenge. The following species belongs to this genus, as limited by Menge. The body is long and slender in both sexes. Menge figures the epigy- num as folded or three-lobed, but this does not. show in my specimens, which are probably immature. The male palpi have a large process on the tibia, which fits against the hinder edge of the tarsus, and has at its base a hollow into which fits the; long spur of the tarsal hook, which extends backward nearly to the patella. The tube of the palpal organ is long and slender, but partly concealed 1)}^ the long appendages over it. The heads of the males are high, and in some species-Avith a. distinct hump. Bolyphantes drassoides, now. Plate XXII I, figure 5. Length, 1 -S""". Abdomen long and straight. Cephalothorax and legs light yellow. Abdomen whitish with gray markings, a median J. U. Emerton — N'eio England Theridiclce. 73 gray line on the front, extending half the length of the abdomen beyond the end of which are two or tliree transv^erse pale gray mark- ings, and another distinct one just over the spinnerets, extendino- nearly round them. Beneath are two longitudinal gray bands. The abdomen is covered with long hairs which do not obscure the mark- ings. The head of the male has a crest of stiff hairs just behind the eyes, the front one much larger than the others, and curving forward over the head. There is a slight hump on the head, which raises the bases of these hairs half their length above the eyes. Fig. 5. The epigynum is large and extends outward from the abdomen. The palpi of the male ai-e very complicated. The tibia has a long process which bends round against the hinder edge of the tarsus. Fig. 6a. The tarsal hook has a long curved tooth that extends backward nearly to the base of the tibia, and a shorter tooth parallel to it nearer the base. The tube is long and slender, curving once round the palpal organ and nearly hidden by the other appendages. Mt, Carmel, Hamden, Conn., under leaves in October. Microneta Meuge. This group differs but little from Bathyphantes on one side and Tiiietlcns on the other. The body is longer and lower than in Bathy- pluintes and the legs shorter and stouter, as in Tnieticiis. The colors are ol'tener brown than in that genus, and there are no distinct mark- ings. The palpal organs are like Bathyphantes. The tarsus usually has a spur at the base, which in some species extends backward over the tibia. PI. XXIII. The tarsal hook is large and varies in shape accoi'ding to the species. The tube is short and thick, with the same complicated appendages as in Bathyphantes. The e})igynum is also folded as in Bathyphantts. Menge's genus Microneta consists almost entirely of these spiders, but other species are included in his genera Micryphantes and Bathyphantes. Microneta viaria. Erigone viaria Camb., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S75. Neriene viaria Blk. Microneta quisquiliarum Menge. Plate XXIIT, figure 1. This is one of the most common spiders under leaves in woods. Specimens from my collection were identified by Cambridge in 1875. It is 2"'"' to 2-5™'" long. Cephalothorax and legs bi-ownish yellow. Abdomen gray or brownish, darker tlian the thorax. The epigynum Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 10 Oct., 1882. '74 J. 11. Emerton — Nem England Theridklm. is folrled under so that only the end sliows beyond tlie outer hairy portion. The tarsus of the male palpus has a short spur at the base. The tarsal liook is short and curved outwai-d. Fig. 1, ri. The tube of the palpal organ is very large with two smaller appendages near its base. Fig. 1 cy, t. Mt. Washington, N. H. ; Montreal, Canada ; Eastern Massachu- setts ; New Haven, Conn.; also common in TCurope. Microneta cornupalpis. Erigone cornupalpis Camb., Proc. Zonl. Soe. London, ISTi. Plate XXIII, figure 2. Length, 2°"" in both sexes. Legs and cephalothorax brownish yellow. Abdomen dark gray. The basal part of the epigynum is two-lobed, and the narrow terminal fingei- extends between and below them. Fig. 2h. The tarsus of the male [)alpus has a long, slightly curved spur about as long as the rest of the tarsus. The tarsal hook has two teeth curved outward at the end, the upper one bilobed. Fig. 2, h. Waltham and Milton, Mass., under leaves; New Haven, Conn. Microneta persoluta. Erigone persoluta Camb., Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Plate XXIII, figure 3. Males about 1*5"'"' long, some a little larger and others smaller. Cephalothorax and legs light brownish yellow, blackish between the eyes. Females collected at the same time and apparently the same species are considerably smaller, little over 1""" long. The colors are the same in both sexes. The abdomen is dark gray with several pairs of indistinct light spots on the hinder part. The epigynum in my specimens is perhaps immature. Fig. 'ib. It has a narrow finger in the middle, on each side of which is an oval, smooth brown spot. The palpus of the male has a short and small tibia. The tar- sal hook is large, turning outward at the end without any sharp teeth. The tarsus has a short curved spur at the base. The basal part of the palpal organ, Fig. 3a, x, is curved half round the tarsus and colored dark brown. The appendages of the palpal organ, including the tube, are small and crowded together on the inner side. Mt. Washington, N. H. ; and Beverly, Lynn and Saugus, Mass. J. H. Emerton — Nevi E)i gland ThericUdce. ' 75 Microneta discolor, new, Plate XXIV, figure 1. Length, 2*5'"'" to 3""", Males larger than females. Cephalothorax and legs orange-brown. Abdomen whitish below and brownish gray above, darker toward the front. In some specimens the dark stripe on the back is very distinct. The mandibles of the male, Fig. 1, are larger and darker than those of the females and have a large tooth on the front inner corner. The tarsal hook of the male })alpiis is large and has a narrow point turned back nearly to the base. Fig, lb. The epigynum is small and light colored, showing the inner tubes plainly through the skin. Fig. la. Waltham, Mass., and New Haven, Conn., under leaves in winter. Microneta quinquedentata, new. Plate XXIV, figure 2. Length, 2 '5'"'" to 3""". Legs aiid cephalothorax brownish yellow, cephalothorax with dark edges. Abdomen dark gray. A slightly larger and darker species than viaria. The upper fold of the epigy- num is narrowed toward the end and transversely wrinkled like the hook of the e|)igynutii of some Epehuv. Fig. 2b. The male palpus has the tarsal hook wide and blunt with a curved ridge on which is a row of teeth. Fig. 2. The most characteristic part of the palpal organ is a row of five short teeth on the middle. Fig. 2a. Under this is the large, dark brown part, with a sharp spine directed for- ward and two blunt spines toward the base. The inflated tube lies between this and the tarsal hook. Montreal, Canada ; Mt. Washington, N. H, ; Beverly, Swampscott and Quincy, Mass. Microneta crassimanus, new. Plate XXIV, figure 3. Length, about 3'"'". Cephalothorax and legs light orange-brown. Abdomen gray. The ej'es are small, and the head twice as wide as the eye-area and rounded in front. The femora of all the legs are stout. The tarsus of the male palpus has a prominent process on the edge just over the tarsal hook. The tibia is unusually thick and with- out any hook. The tarsal hook is large and strongly curved, the end is flat and wide, and divided into two teeth, one twice as large as the other. Over the hook is the end of a large appendage of the palpal organ fringed with fine teeth. Hermit Lake, Mt. Washington, N. H. 76 J. II. Eynerton — New England Therklidce. Microneta latidens, new. Plate XXIY, figure 4. Length, 2'""' to 2-5"''". Cephalothorax and legs light yellow-brown, or slightly reddish in dark-colored specimens in alcohol. Abdomen light gray, darkest toward the end. The tarsus of the male palpus is wide and angular at the base. The tarsal hook is as wide at the base as half the length of the tarsus. It turns outward at the end and has a deep bend with a sliai'p hook extending forward. Fig. 4. The palpal organ is small. New Haven, Conn., in several places under leaves in winter. Microneta furcata., new. Plate XXIV, figure 5. Length, I'o"'™. Cephalothorax and legs yellow-brown, abdomen gray. The tibia of the male palpus is short and wide. The tarsal hook is wide at the base and deeply curved. It has a ridge on the outer end. One of the appendages of the palpal organ, with two sharp black points near the end, curves round its base near the end of the tarsal hook. The end of the palpal organ is much as in longihnlhus. White Mountains, N. H., on the ridge between Mt. Washington and Mt. Clay. Microneta longibulbus, new. Plate XXIV, figure fi. Length, 2'"'". Cephalothorax and legs dull brownish yellow. Ab- domen gray. The palpal organ extends back to the tibia, where its narrow end curves around toward the tarsal hook. Fig. <6a. Over the middle of the palpal organ is a small black process with a flat end, and at the top are two small hooked appendages. Fig. 6a. The tarsal hook is wide at the base and deeply curved. The end has an irregular ridge on the outer side. The tibia is short and as wide as long. Milton, Mass., under leaves in winter. J. H. Emerton — Neto England Therididm. 77 Microneta olivacea, new. Plate XXI Y, figube 7. Length, nearly 2'""\ Ceplialothorax yellowish gray, darkest at the edges and in the front of the head. Abdomen darker graj^, yellowish in front. Cephalothorax almost as wide as long, but the head is narrow and eyes close together. Legs and palpi pale. The tarsus of the male palpus is large and angular. When the palpi are curved downward in a natural position, a sharp corner of the tarsus is directed forward, and the inner sides are nearly flat and parallel. The tarsal hook is blunt with a short and wide tooth near the end. Fig. 7. The palpal organ is large and complicated. Over the tarsal hook is a hard appendage with two teeth. Two males from the upper part of Mt. Washington, N. H., between it and Mt. Clay. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate I. 1. Theridium diffe7-e7is^ doTsa,\ markings oi female x 8; la, male x 8; 16, male pal- pus; T, the tube; x, soft terminal appendage; y. hard roughened corner of the palpal organ ; Ic. epigynum, outer side, showing no openings ; \d, epigynum made transparent, showing the openings a; a; on the under side, the spermatlnjcag s s, the long tubes y y leading to the outer openings, and the short tubes leading to the oviduct. 2. Theridium sjnrale, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 2a, dorsal markings of male X 8 ; 26, male palpus : T, the long tube ; 2c, epigynum, showing the openings outside ; 2d, epigynum made transparent, showing the spermathecse s s, the long tubes y y, and the short tubes z z. 3. Theridium montanum, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; ?,a, dorsal markings of male x 8; 36, male palpus, the hard toothed appendage of the palpal organ at the right; 3c, epigynum, showing the single hole in the middle and a hard depression each side. 4. Theridium zelotyimm, dorsal markings of female X 8 ; 4rt, epigynum with a single opening and short tubes to the spermathecas. 5. Theridium murariufrt, dorsal markings of female x 8; 5a, male palpus; T. tlie tube. At the left of the tube is a hard tooth. 6. Theridium pundo-sparsum, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 6«, epigynum witli a single opening partly divided at the hind edge. Pl.ite ir. 1. Theridium fej'nVZarw'j^m C. Koch, abdomen of fennale x 8; Ir/,- male palpus ; 16, epigynum with a single opening partly divided at the forward edge. 2. Theridium ruincola, ahdomen oi ^QvaRlQ x 8; 2a, male palpus ; 26, epigynum from below, showing a single opening covered by a horny ridge; 2c, epigynum from the right side. 3. Theridium globosum Tlentz, side of female x 8. 4. Theridium unimaculatum, side of female x 8; 4a, male palpus; 46, epigynum, showing a single opening near the edge, and the internal parts indistinctly through the skin. 5. Theridium seximnctatum, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 5a, mandibles of male ; 56, male palpus; 5c, epigynum with a single large opening, through wliicli the openings of the two tubes show indistinctly. Plate III. 1. TJieridium frondeum llentz, \a to 1/, dorsal markings of females x 4; \ I, , ccpha- lothorax of male x 8, showing form of head and mandibles ; Ij/, male palpus ; 17i, epigy- num, showing the single opening directed forward. 2 and 2a. Theridium lineatum, dorsal and venlr:il markings of fciiiale x 4. 3. Mimetm interfectur Wmt-A, iewvAk' x 1; :!a, licad; :16, epigynum. J. H. Mmerton — Neio England Tlierididca. 79 4. Mimetus epeiroides, dorsal markings of male x 4; 4a, tarsus of male palpus; 46, palpal organ, twisted to the right by contraction in alcohol. 5. Ero variegaia, side of female x 8 ; 5a, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 5& and 5c, male palpus ; bd, epigyimm. 6. Steatoda triangulosa, dorsal markings of female x 6 ; Ga, male palpus. Plate IV. 1. Steatoda horealis, dorsal markings of female x 4; la and 16, male palpus; Ic, eyes of female ; \d, epigynum. 2. Steatoda gutta.ta, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 26, male palpus. 3. Steatoda marmoraia, 3 and 3a, dorsal markings of two varieties; 36, eyes of male; 3c, male palpus; 3(;, epigynum; 3e, ends of mandibles of female; 3/, end of mandible of male. 4. Steatoda nigra, head of female x 16; 4a, epigynum with small central opening: 46, male palpus. 5. Steatoda coroU'ita, dorsal markings of female x 4; So, eyes of female ; 56, epigy- num. G Asagena aviericana Keys, dorsal markings of female x 8; 6a, head of male; 66, under side of sternum and femora of male ; Qc, male palpus. Plate V. 1. Argyrodes trigonum, side of female; la, tip of abdomen seen from above; 16, cephalothorax from above; Ic, side of cephalothorax of male; ^d, male palpus; le, egg- cocoon. 2. Argyrodes fictilium, side of female ; 2a, cephalothorax from above. 3. Theridula sjyhwrula, female x 8 ; 3a, 36, male palpus. 4. Lasoeola canceUata, female x 20 ; 4a, side of female x 20. 5. ^'wryoj^zs arp'ejifea, dorsal markings of young female x 20. 6. Euryopis funehris, female x 4 ; 6a, head of male ; 66, male palpus. 1. Spinthancs flavidus, female x 4. . Plate YI. 1. Ulesanis americana, side of female x 20; la. female from above; 16, side of male; Ic, cephalothorax of female ; IcZ, sternum of female ; le, side of cephalothorax of female; 1/, Ig', male palpus. 2. Pholcus ptlialangioides, female and male natural size, and cephalothorax of female enlarged; 2a, palpus of male. 3. Sp)ermoplwra meridionalis, cephalothorax of female enlarged. 4. Scytodes ihoracica, cephalothorax of female ; 4a, palpus of male. 5. Pholcomma rostrata, male; 5a, 56, male palpus. 6. Pholcomma hirsuta, male; 6a. mandibles of female; 66, sternum; Gc, Qd, epigy- num ; Ge, 6/. Qg, male palpus. Plate VII. 1. Ceratinella emertoni, side of male ; la, 16, male palpus ; t, the tube ; H, tarsal hook ; tib., tibia with tibial hook; Ic, tibial and tarsal hooks seen from above; Id, epigynum. 2. Ceratinella fissiccps; 2, 2a, 26, side of cephalothorax of male, showing variation in shape of the head; 2c. male palpus; n, tarsal hook; . Ceratinella buUxisa, side oi male ; 3a, cephalothorax of male from above ; 3b [):ilpal organ : 3c, tibial hook. 4. Ceratinella jnjgmma, side of male ; 4«, 4h, 4c, male palpus. 5. Ceratinella atriceps, side of male ; 5a, side of cephaluthorax of female ; 5b, be, male palpus ; 5d, epigynum. Plate VIII. 1. Ceratinella keta, side ot male; la, 16, male palpus; Ic, tube of palpal organ; \d, epigynum. 2. Ceratinella Icetabilis, side of male : 2a. 2b, male palpus ; 2c, tube of palpal organ ; 2d, epigynum. 3. Ceratinella brimnea, male palpus; 3a, bend of tube of palpal organ; 36, epigynum. 4. Ceratinella minuia ; 4, 4a, male palpus; 46, epigynum. 5. Ceratinella micropalpis, male palpus. 6. Cornicularia auranticeps, head of male seen from in front, showing horn, eyes, and top of palpi ; 6a, side of head of male ; 66, tibia and tarsus of male palpus ; 6c, male palpus, showing palpal organ; 6d, epigynum. 7. Co7-7iicularia clavicornis, side of cephalothorax of male ; 7a, tarsus of male palpus ; 76, male palpus, showing palpal organ. Plate IX. 1. Ceratinopsis interjrres, side of cephalothorax of male ; la, eyes of male ; 16, head of male from the side; \c, end of mandible of male; Id, le, male palpus; 1/. tibial and tarsal hooks ; Ig, epigynum. 2. Ceratinopsis nigriceps,head ol hm&\ei\'om shove; 2a, 26, male palpi ; 2c, tibial and tarsal hooks; 2cZ, epigynum. 3. Ceratinopsis laticeps, male from above; 3tt, cephalothorax of male from the side • 36, 3c, male palpi. 4. Ceratinopsis nigripalpis ; 4, side of male ; 4a, 46, 4c, male paipi. Plate X. 1. Loj)hornma cristatum, side of cephalothorax of male; la, male palpus, showing palpal organ ; 16, tibia and tarsus of male palpus. 2. Lophomma elongatum, side of cephalothorax of male; 2a, top of cephalothorax of male; 26, head of male from in front; 2c, 2d, male palpus. 3. Grammonofa ornata, side of cephnlothorax of male; 3a, dorsal markings of abdo- men ; 36, male palpus; 3c, tibial and tarsal hooks. 4. Grammonota pictilis, side of cephalothorax of male ; 4a, abdomen, showing dorsal markings; 46, male palpus, showing coiled tube near the top; 4c, tibial and tarsal hooks; id, epigynum and soft process in front of it; 4e, internal parts of epigynum, the tube x from the outer opeuing twists around twice to the point z, where it turns abruptly backward and makes two turns between the first back to the spermatheca s. 5. Grammonota inornata, cephalothorax of male; 5a, 56, male palpus. 6. Spiropaljms spiralis, side of cephalothorax of male; 6a, male palpus, showing pal- pal organ; 66, tibia and tarsus of male palpus; 6c, epigynum ; 6t/, abdomen of male, showing indistinct dorsal markings. J. H. Eiiierton — New England Therididce. 81 Plate XL 1. Cornicularia directa, side of male; la, side of head of male; 1^, top of head of male ; Ic, tibial hook. 2. Cornicularia tibialis, side of cephalothorax of male , 2a, 2h. 2c, tibia and tarsus of male palpus. 3. Cornicularia communis, side of head of male ; 3ff, top of head of miile; 3&, epigy- num. 4. Cornicularia indirecta, side of head of male ; 4a, top of head of male ; Ah, epigynum. 5. Cornicularia hrevicornis, side of head of male ; 5a, tibial and tarsal hooks. 6. Cornicularia minula, side of cephalothorax of male ; 6a, front of head ; Q>h, top of head; 6c, male palpus; Qd, tibia and tarsus of male i>alpus. 7. Cornicularia x>allida, side of head of male; 7((, tibia and tarsus of male palpus. 8. Cornicularia tricornis, top of head of male; 8a, side of head of male; 8&, tibia of male palpus. Plate XII. 1. Lophocarenum castawewm, cephalothorax of male; lo, front of head of male; \b. side of cephalothorax ; Ic, male palpus; \d. palpal organ; le. tibia of male palpus. 2. Lophocarenum montanum, side of t-eplialnthorax of male ; 2a, top of cephalothorax ; 2&. front of head and palpi ; 2c, front of head and mandibles of male ; 2d, to':^ of cephalo- thorax of female ; 2e, front of head and mandibles of female; 2/, tibial hook; 2g. epigy- num. 3. Lopjliocarenum florens, ivoni of head of male; 3a, sid>' of cephaloihurax of male ; 2>h, top of head of female ; 3c, side of head of female ; M. 'Ac, male palpus; 3/, ei>igyniim. •4. Lophocarenum decemoculatum, side of cephalothorax of male; 4a, front of head; 46, tibia and tarsus of male palpus; 4c, palpal oigan. Plate XIII. 1. Lophocarenum spiniferurn, hack of male; la, siile of male; 1&, side of cephalo- thorax of female; Ic. back of cephalothorax ot femdle ; Ic?. male palpus, showing inner side ; at the top is the long stiff tube, below at the left, the tibial hook ; le. male palpus, showing tursal and tibial hooks; 1/, ventral sideof epigv num; 1^, rear view of epigynum. 2. Lophocarenum montiferum, side of cephaloihorax of male: 2a, top of cephalothorax of inale ; 2?;, tibia of male palpus; 2c, 2c/, cephalo horax of female; 2e, epigynum ; 2/, palpal organ. 3. Lopihocarenum quadricrisiatum, ce^\i-A\ci\ho\'a-!i of male from above; 3a, head of male ; 3&, side of head of male; 3c, tibia of male palpus; 3rf, male jmlpus. 4. Lophocarenum longitarsuSyhaek oi ce^haloihoms. oi ms\e\ 4a, side oi cephalothorax of male ; 4&, mandibles "f male ; 4c, Ad, male palpus. 5. Lophocarenum pallidum, side of male: 5a. front of head; 5b. tibia and tar.sal hook; 5c, tarsal hook from the side; 5c?, palpal organ. 6. Lophocarenum longitubus, top of cephalothorax of male; 6a, side of cephalothorax of male ; G6, &c. palpus of male. Plate XIY. I. Lo})hocarenum rostratum. top of cephalothorax of male; la. side of cephalothorax of male; \b, Ic, cephalothorax of female; Vd, tibia and tarsus of male palpus: le. palpal organ. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. II Oct., 1882. 82 J. H. Emertoti — Neto England Therididm. 2. Lophocarenum scopuliferuvi, side of male; 2a, 2&, cephalothorax of female; 2c, male from above ; 2d, 2e, 2/, male palpus. 3. Lojyhocarenuin erigonoides, side of male ; 3a, top of ceplialolliorax of male ; 3i, palpal organ ; 3c, tibia and tarsus of male palpus. 4. Lophocarenum brevis, top of cephalothorax of male ; 4a, side of cephalotborax of male ; 46, tibia of male palpus ; 4c, palpal organ. 5. Lophocarenum simplex, side of cephalothorax of male ; 5a, top of cephalothorax of male ; 5c, 5d, male palpus ; 5e, tibia and tarsus of male palpus. 6. Lophocarenum depressum, side of cephalothorax of male; 6a, front of head; 6/^, 6c, tibia of male palpus; 6c?, palpal organ. 7. Lophocarenum crenatum, back of male; 7a, side of cephalothorax of male; ^h, pal- pal organ ; 7c, tibia and tarsus of male palpus : 7rf, epigynum ; 7e, side of cephalolhorax of female. 8. Lophocarenwrn vernale, side of cephalothorax of male; 8a, 8b, male palpus; 8c, epigynum; 8d, tibia of male palpus. Plate XV. 1. Tmeticus probafus, tibia and tarsus of m.\\e palpus; la, tibia, tarsal hook, and pal- pal organ ; 16, maBdible of male ; Ic, top of cephalothorax of female ; ](l, epigynum. 2. Tmeticus tridentatus, side of cephalothorax of male ; 2a, mandible of male ; 26, man- dible of female ; 2c, male palpus ; 2rf, tibia of male palpus from above ; 2e, palpal organ; 2/ epigynum. 3. Tmeticus plumosus, male palpus, showing tarsal hook and feathered appendage of palpal organ; 3a, tibia and tarsus of male palpus; 36, palpal organ. 4. Trne^icMS a, palpal organ. 6. Tmeticus terrestris, male palpus. 7. Tmeticus brunneus, male palpus. J. H. Emerton — N'eu^ England Therididce. 83 8. Erigone autumnalis, side of cephalothorax of male; 8a, mandibles, maxillfe, and sternum of male ; 86, palpus of male ; 8c, epigynum. 9. Erigone longipalpis, side of male ; 9a, palpus of male, showing palpal organ ; 96, epigynum ; 9c, mandible and maxilla of female ; 9rf, mandible and maxilla of male. 10. Erigone longipalins, male of another variety ; 10c, palpus of same ; 10a, cephalo- thorax from above ; 1 Oa. palpus of another male from Danvers, Mass. Plate XVI II. 1. Linyplda viarginata, dovnal markings of female x 8; la, head of female from above; lb, front of head and mandibles of female; Ic, top of head of male; Id, front of head and mandibles of male; le, maxilte of female; 1/, epigynum ; 1 (7. male palpus ; Ih, end of palpal organ, showing the tube T, the large twisted appendage and two soft appendages ; ]j, the tarsal hook. 2. Linypliia communis, dorsal markings of female x 8 ; 2a, side of male ; 26, front of head and mandibles of male ; 2c, front of head and mandibles of female ; 2c?, 2e, male palpus ; 2/, epigynum. 3. Linyphia dafhrata, markings of abdomen; 3a, fiont of head and mandibles of female ; 36, male palpus; 3c, largest appendage of palpal organ ; 3d, epigynum. Plate XIX. 1. LinypJiia 2jJirygiana,(\orsii\ markings oi abdomen x 8; la, head of male ; 16, head of female ; Ic, mandible of female ; Irf, mandible of male ; If, male palpus; 1/, palpal organ; 1^, tarsal hook ; 1/i, epigynum. 2. Linyphia mandibulata, dorsal markings of female ; 2a, front of mandibles of male ; 26, side of cephalothorax of male ; 2c, epigynum; 2d, male palpus; H, the tarsal hook. Plate XX. 1. Stemonyp)liantes trilineata, dorsal markings of abdomen; la, mandible of female; 16, Ic, male palpus: \d, epigynum. 2. Diplostyla nigrina, dorsal markings of abdomen ; 2a, male palpus ; H, tarsal hook ; T, end of tube of the palpal organ ; 26, palpal organ ; T, the tube with soft appendages inside the coil ; a. 6, hard .supporting appendages; H, the tarsal hook; 2c, epigynum from ventral side ; c, c, openings ; 2d, same from the side ; a, outer, and 6, inner soft appendages. 3. Diplostyla concolor, male palpus; t, the tube; 3a, male palpus from the side; T, the tube ; H, tarsal hook ; 36, side of epigynum ; a, 6, soft appendages ; 3c, epigynum from ventral side ; a, outer soft appendage ; , c, c, openings. • Plate XXI. 1. Diplostyla canadensis, male palpus. 2. Drapeiisca socialis, dorsal markings of abdomen x 8 ; 2a, front of head, mandibles, and palpi of female ; 26, epigynum ; 2c, base of tarsus, showing at the left a curved process, and at the right the tarsal hook h. 3. Helopilwra pallescens, male palpus; 3", tibia and tar.sal hook ; 36, epigynum. 4. Bathyphantes minula, male palpus ; h, the tarsal hook ; x, roughened corner of tarsus; -16, epigynum from ventral side; 4c, side of epigynum partly unfolded. 84 -/. TI. Emerton — Nevi England Therididce. Plate XXII. 1. Bathyjjhantvs 7iebulosa, dorsal markines of abdomen x 8; la, maadible; 16, side of epigynum ; Ic, ventral view of epigynum; \d, male palpus. 2. Ba If lyph antes zebra, male palpus : 2a, epigynum. 3. Bathyphantes svb-alpina, male palpus. 4. Bathyphantes alpina, male palpus ; y, long, split appendage of palpal organ ; x, spine on patella ; 4a, male palpus ; H, tarsal hook ; 46, epigynum, outside ; 4c, epigy- num, inner side. 5. Bathyphantes angulata, male palpus. 6. Bathyphantes micaria, male palpus. 7. Bathyphantes formica, male palpus; la, palpal organ; 76, femur of male palpus, showing teeth on both sides. Plate XXIII. 1. Microneta viaria, male palpus; T, the tube; H, tarsal hook ; la, male palpus, from inner side; T, the tube; x, spur at base of larsus; 16 epigynum folded up. 2. Microneta cornupalpis, male palpus; x, spur of the tarsus; H, tarsal hook: 2a, tar- sus from above ; 26, epigynum. 3. Microneta persoluta, tarsus of male palpus ; x, spur ; .'Ja, palpal organ ; H, tarsal hook; X, bulb of the palpal organ; 36, epigynum. 4. Bathyphantes bihamata, male palpus. 5. Bolyphantes drassoides, side of male ; 5a, tibia and tarsus of male palpus ; H, tarsal hook; 56, palpal organ ; T, base of ihe tube ; h, tarsal hook. 6. Gonalium rubens, side of male cephalothorax, front leg, and palpus ; 6a, male pal- pus; T, the tube; x, process of tibia; 66, palpus seen from in front, in natural position; Qc, epigynum. Plate XXIV. 1. Microneta discolor, side of cephalothorax of male ; la, epigynum; 16, male palpus. 2. Microneta quinquedentata, male palpus, showing tarsal hook ; 2a, palpal organ ; 26, epigynum. 3. Microneta crassimanus, male palpus. 4. Microneta latidens, male palpus. 5. Microneta furcata. male palpus. 6. Microneta longibuibus, male palpus ; 6a, palpal organ. 7. Microneta olivacea, male palpus. 8. Bathyphantes complicata, male palpus. II^DEX Argyrodes fictilium 24 Argyrodes trigonum 23 Asagena americana 23 Balhyphaiites alpina 70 Bathyphantes angulata .71 Bathyphantes bihamata 72 Bathyphantes complicata 72 Bathyphantes formica . . 71 Bathyphantes miearia -- 71 Bathypiiantes minuta .. 68 Bathyphantes nebulosa. 1)9 Bath\'phantes sub-alpina 70 Bathyphantes terricolus 65 Bathyphantes zebra 69 Bolyphantes drassoides. 72 Ceratiiiella atriceps 34 Ceratmella brunnea 36 Ceratiaella bulbosa 33 Ceratinella emertoni 32 Ceratinella fissiceps 33 Ceratinella ]a;ta 35 Ceratinella Ijetabilis 35 Ceratinella micropalpis .36 Ceratinella minuta 36 Ceratinella pygmsea 34 Ceratinopsis interpres ..37 Ceratinopsis laticeps 37 Ceratinopsis nigriceps ..37 Ceratinopsis nigripalpis. 38 Cornicularia auranticeps 43 Cornicularia brevicornis 42 Cornicularia clavicornis. 43 Cornicularia communis . 41 Cornicularia directa 40 Cornicularia iudirecta ..41 Cornicularia minuta 42 Cornicularia pallida 42 Cornicularia tibialis 41 Cornicularia tricornis ..43 Diplostyla canadensis . . 66 Diplostyla concolor 66 Diplostyla nigrina 65 Drapotisca socialis 67 Erigone atra 59 Erigone atriceps 34 Erigone autumnalis 58 Erigone cornupalpis 74 Erigone cristata 44 Erigone dentigera 59 Erigone directa 40 Krigone emertoni 32 Erigone fissiceps 33 Erigone floreus . _ 46 Erigone indirecta . . 41 Erigone interpres 37 Erigone Iseta 35 Erigone tetabilis 35 Erigone multissima 4 Erigone longipalpis 59 Erigone ornata 39 Erigone persimilis 3 Erigone persoluta 74 Erigone jsertinens 54 Krigone pictilis 38 Erigone probata 52 Erigone provida 40 Erigone spinifera 47 Erigone viaria 73 Ero thoraciea 18 Eucharia IS Euryopis argentea 27 Euryopis funebris 27 Grammonota inornata .. 39 Grammonota pictilis 38 Grammonota ornata 39 Gonatium rubens . . 60 Gonatium cheliferum 60 Helophora insignis 67 Helophora pallescens .. 67 Lasajola cancellata 26 Lepthyphantes crypticola 69 Lepthyphantes muscicola 68 Linyphia clathrata 62 Linyphia communis 62 Linyphia costata . . 63 Linyphia mandibulata . . 64 Linyphia marginata 61 Linyphia marmorata 61 Linyphia phrygiana 63 Linyphia pusilla Linyphia scripta 61 Lophocarenum castaneum45 Lophoearenum crenatum 51 Lophocarenum 10-oculatum 46 Lophocarenum depressura 50 Lophocarenum erigonoides 50 Lophocarenimi florens .. 46 Lophocarenum latum 50 Lophocarenum longitubus49 Lophocarenum longitarsns 48 Lophocarenum montanum45 Lophocarenum montiferum 47 Lophocarenum pallidum 48 Lophocarenum quadricris- tatum 48 Lophocarenum rostratum 49 Lophocarenum scopulif- erum 49 Lophocarenum simplex. 50 Lophocarenum spiniferum 47 Lophocarenum vernale . 61 Lophomma bicorne 44 Lophomma cristata 44 Lophomma elongata 44 86 J. II. Emerton — New England TherididcB. Microneta cornupalpis.. 74 Mieroneta crassimanus _ 75 Microneta discolor 75 Microneta furcata 76 Microneta latidens . . 76 Microneta longibulbus.. 76 Microneta olivacea 77 Microneta persoluta 74 Microneta quisquiliarum 7H Microneta 5-dentata 75 Microneta viaria 73 Mimetus epeiroides 17 Mimetus iuterfector 16 Neriene rnbens. . 60 Neriene viaria 73 i Oroodes 28 j Pholcomma hirsutum .. 29 PhoI,comma rosiratum . . 30 j Pholcus atlanticus 30 j Pholcus phalanffioides . . 30 Phyllonethis lineata 16] Phyilonethis placens 15 i Scytodes cameratus 31 Scytodes thoracica 31 Spermophora meridionalis 3 1 Spintharus fiavidus 28 Spiropalpus spiralis 39 Steatoda borealis 19 Steatoda coroUata 21 Steatoda guttata ... 20 Steatoda marmorata 20 Steatoda nigra 21 Steatoda ruralis 20 Steatoda triangulosa 22 Stcgasoma.. 28 Stemonyphantes bucculen- tus . 64 Stylophora concolor. ... 66 Teutana triangulosa 22 Theridion boreale 19 Theiidion cancellatum.. 26 Theridion lictilium 24 Theridion frondeura 15 Theridion fnuebre 27 Theridion globosum 14 Theridion leoninum 18 Theridion marmoratum. 20 Theridion serpentinum . 22 Theridion sph;eriila 25 Theridion trigonum 23 Theridion vulgare 13 Theridium dillerens 9 Theridium frondeum ... 15 Theridium globosum 14 Theridium lineatum 16 Theridium montanum .. 10 Theridium murarium 11 Theridium rupicola 14 Theridium puncto-sparsum 12 Tlieridium sexpunctatum 12 Theridium spirale 10 Theridium tepidariorum 13 Theridium unimaculatum 15 Theridium zelotypum . . 11 Theridula sphaerula 25 Tmeticus bidentatus ... 56 Tmeticus bostoniensis .. 56 Tmeticus brunneus 58 Tmeticus concavus 57 Tmeticus contortus 54 Tmeticus longisetosus ..54 Tmeticus ma.ximus 55 Tmeticus microtarsus ..57 Tmeticus montanus .... 55 Tmeticus pallidus 55 Tmeticus pertinens 54 Tmeticus plumosus 53 Tmeticus probatus . . . i . 52 Tmeticus terrestris 57 Tmeticus tibialis 56 Tmeticus Iridentatus . . 53 Tmeticus trilobatus 53 Tmeticus truncatus .... 57 Ulesanis americana 28 II. — Dipterous Larv^ from the Western Alkaline Lakes AND their use AS HuMAN FoOD. By S. W. WiLLlSTON. Through the kindiiess of Professors G. J. Brush and S. I. Smith I have recently received a quantity of tlie larvje and iraagos of a dip- terous insect that is of interest not only as one of the very, few inhab- itants of the strongly alkaline lakes of the West, but as forming an article of human food, the only instance that I am aware of in this order of insects. The specimens, belonging to the genus Ephydra^ were received with a quantity of the rare mineral Gay-lussite from the Soda Lakes near Ragtown, Nevada. 1 find the following description of the larger lake by Arnold Hague in King's Descrip- tive Geology, vol. ii, pp. 746-749. " The lake is about five-eighths of a mile in diameter, with water of a clear blue color, it has no outlet and is fed by a spring of cool fresh water. The water is highly charged with alkaline salts and is so dense that the human body floats in it without exertion, and, after drying, the skin is left with a thin white covei'ing. " The water appears to be wanting in animal life, with the exception of a minute fly, the larva of which is a small worm, accumulating in such large quantities as to form a belt a foot wide along the shore. It is occasionally gathered by the Pah-Ute Lidians, and, after drying and pulverizing, made into a sort of meal or flour." From analyses of the water made by Professor Allen its sj)ecific gravity is 1-0975, the fixed residue in 1,000 jiarts being 114*7. This residue consists of common salt, 64*94; sulphate of soda (Glauber's salts), 13-76; car- bonate of soda, 29-24 ; sulphate of potash, carbonate of magnesia, etc., 4-63. By comi)arison of these larvae with a number collected by Pro- fessor Silliman, from Lake Mono, and kindly lent me by Professor Verrill, I find them aj)parently quite the same. At my request Pro- fessor Wm. H. Brewer has kindly given me the following description of the lake and the flies, which will be read with interest. "My Dear Sir:" " You asked about the flies from Lake Mono, and, although I have a sufiiciently vivid recollection of them, I have turned to a file of old letters written to my friends at home at the time and on the spot." Tkans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI., 1883. 12 July, 1883. 88 *S'. JV. WUliston — Dipterous Larvwfrom Alkalhie Lakes. "At tlie time, I was first assistant on the State Geological Survey of Caliiornia, and had charge of a party doing field work. In this work I camped with my party at Lake Mono, July 9th, 1863, and remained there several days visiting the islands in the lake, alHo a camp of Indians (J^ily f 1th) who were camped on the north shore gathering ^co-cAa/i-See. Our guide called them Pah-Utes and said they were there at that particular time gathering the worms — an an- nual visit. They were one of the small tribes of Mono Indians (we saw others, also Monos) there for that purpose, the guide using the term Pah-Utes as a sort of generic term, including many of the Indians of the Basin. "My letter, written on the spot, tells that it is a closed basin, altitude about 6,800 feet ; the waters very saline from various salts, impreg- nated with soda, borax, and boracic acid, the latter doubtless from the hot springs in and about it. It is in a volcanic region. 'The waters are clear, very heavy, have a nauseous taste, and when still, the lake has a look as of oil and is not easily disturbed. The water feels slippery to the touch, and will wash grease from the hands or from clothes, cold, move readily than common soap-suds will when hot. It is said that no fish or reptile lives in it, but it swarms with countless millions of larvaj, that develop into flies which rest on the surface of the water, as well as cover everything on the immediate shore. The number and quantities of these flies and larvie are abso- lutely incredible. They drift up in heaps along the shore, and hun- dreds of bushels could be collected! They only grow at certain sea- sons of the year, and then Indians come from far and near to gather them for food. The worms are dried in the sun, the shell rubbed off by hand, when a yellowish kernel remains, like a small yellowish grain of rice. This is oily, very nutritious and not unpleasant to the taste, and, under the name of Jcoo-chah-bee (so pronounced), forms a very important article of food. The Indians gave me some of it ; it does not taste badly, and, if one were ignorant of its origin, it would make nice soup.' It tastes more like patent ' meat biscuit ' than anything else I can compare it with. " I will say in addition that koo-chah-bee was rather palatable. The waves cast these larva? in little windrows on the shore; the quan- tity is large, the chief difficulty in collecting is to get it as free from sand as is possible, and it is then dried on clothing or blankets. My guide, an old hunter there, told me that everything fattens in the season of the koo-chah-bee; that ducks get very fat, but their flesh *S'. W. Williston — Dipterous Lamm from Alkaline Lakes. 89 tastes unpleasantly from it, and that the Indians get fat and sleek. There are many gulls about the lake at that season, "The flies settle on twigs, spires of grass, etc., until nothing of the perch can be seen, merely a wand of closely clinging flies. They also at times rest on the water in great numbers." In addition to these larvae a Phyllopod crustacean belonging to the genus Artemia i^A. Monica Verrill) is, according to Professor Verrill, found in large numbers in the waters of Lake Mono. This genus, like Ephydra^ is, as stated by Professor Verrill, " remarkable for its habit of living and flourishing best in very saline and alkaline waters such as the natural salt lakes of Egypt, Utah, etc., and artificial brines." (Am. Jour. Sci., xviii, p. 244, 1869, and Proc. Am. A. A. S., 1869.) The fly is small, black, and scarcely more than the sixth of an inch in length. It belongs to the genus Ephydra, the larvae of many spe- cies of which are known to inhabit saline or alkaline waiers. The present species is perhaps new, but in deference to the opinion of I^rofessor Packard, who compared these same Mono Lake larvae with the larva? he described and named from Clear Lake, California, I here describe the adult fly for the first time under the name of E. Californica Pack. In a large number of larvte examined the difter- ences were slight, the one here figured being one of the more slender. Larva of Ephydra (?) Californica. By comparison with the figure given of E. Californica (Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. i, p. 103) diflei'ences will be apparent. It differs from the description in that the anterior end tapers abruptly, not gradually, and the end is not truncate; the first four abdominal legs are scarcely apparent, their presence being only indicated by the short bristly booklets. Their identity will only be determined by the comparison of the adults from Clear Lake. The description of the'fly from the Soda Lakes is as follows : 90 /S. W. W'dliston — Dipterous Larvae, from Alkaline Lakes. Ephydra Californica. ? Ephydra Californica Packard, Am. Jour. Sci.. ."^d ser., vol. i, 103, 1871 (described in the larval aud pupal stages only). $, $. Black, nearly opaque ; tliird Joint of antennae without lateral pile, arista pubescent ; epistonia of female with numerous lateral bristly hairs ; in the male nearly bare. Length 3^-3i^'"''\ Black, very slightly shining, nearly opaque, lightly cinereous poUi- nose, on the face somewhat ochraceous, apparently the same in both sexes. Front, except the lateral margins, shining, slightly greenish. Antennae black, third joint bare, arista pubescent. Face with its greatest convexity in the lower part, in the females the sides above the oral margin with numerous long, black bristly hairs, in the male the face is almost wholly bare, except some short hairs in the middle above. Legs black, cinereous pollinose, the anterior and posterior tarsi with golden pubescence on the under sides. Wings with a grayish or blackish-gray tint, the veins black. Soda Lakes, Nevada. This sj^ecies must strikingly resemble E. subopaca Loew, from Connecticut, and it is not impossible that it is the same. The larvse of two undescribed species of this genus have been taken by Profes- sor Verrill from the sea-water of New England. E. halophila Pack. was bred from strong salt brine from salt works in Illinois. E. gra- cilis Pack, was described from larvfe from the great Salt Lake, Utah, wheie they also exist in great ristles, the sides and pleurae whitish yellow. Abdomen yellow, on the posterior bor- ders of the second to sixth segments brownish ; pile blackish ; hypo- pygium rather smaller than in S. neqUeta. Anterior and middle coxa? and legs light yellow, two or three last joints of tarsi blackish; hind femora biannulate as in 8. neglecta ; on the under side of basal third there is a conspicuous brush of fine long black pile; hind tibise on basal three-fifths yellow, short black pilose at the base, whitish pilose near the middle, distinctly angulated and bent away on distal ])ortion, blackish and with longer fine black pile, leaving a space, when tibijB are flexed, that is filled by these bi'ushes of pile ; hind tarsi black. Wing distinctly broader than in 8. neglecta^ the posterior cross-vein less straight, the first posterior cell shorter and broader, and the last section of the fourth vein more deeply curved. Length, 7""". One specimen. Conn. The present species has been the subject of no little confusioi]. Wiedemann, who considered Say's species a synonym of Cono})s sty- latus Fab., evidently had two distinct species before him, as is evi- denced by his description of the third joint of the female's antennae, which he says was increased in size at the cost of the second joint. Numerous specimens of the preceding species have satisfied me that there is no such diflTerence between the male and female antennae. The type specimen of Co'nops stglatzis Fab. was a female, and the North American specimen that Wiedemann had was a male, which from the smaller third antennal joint seems to have been this. As Wiedemann could not have had the same species as Fabriciiis' type, there is of course no evidence that the present is S. stglata, and indeed the piobabilities are that it is not. Macquart's figure and descriptions are utterly worthless, as he evidently never saw a speci- men nor even a figure of the insect. Say's description of the third joint of the antennae being yellowish rufous, the extreme joint dusky, the margins of the thorax and the 94 K W. Williston — North American Conopidoe. pleiirfe Leing white, the ahdomen reddisli yellow, with the posterior niargiiis of the segments l)rowii, together with the length {-^ of an inch), must apply to this and not to the preceding species. That it is also Westwood's S. coufnsd seems certain from the length of the second and third joints of the antenna?. Dalmannia. Dalmannia Rob. Desvoidy, Ess. ^^yod., 248, 1830. Dalmania id., Myopaires ; Loew, Centuries. Stachyma Macquart, Dipt, du Nord, 1830-34; Hist. Nat. des Dipt., ii, 36. Third joint of the anteniue with a distinctly dorsal bristle; pro- boscis not longer than the body, bent near the middle, tlie terminal division folding back; abdomen moderately contracted toward the base, somewhat depressed, the ovipositor not as long as abdomen, incurved and folded up beneath the abdomen ; anal cell short, but little longer than the second basal cell. Shining black species with bright yellow markings. Dalmannia picta, new species. ? . Face and cheeks light yellow. Front blackish, yellow on the sides. Anteniue black, rather shorter than in D. nl(/rlceps. Thorax black, shining; humeri, a small viltula in front of the wings, and tip of the scutellum bright yellow ; pile white. Abdomen black, with white pile; first segment with a broad posterior yellow ci"<)ss-l)and, broken uj) into three angles on its anterior jjart ; third segment similar, but the angles developed into thi-ee processes, the middle one acute, the outer ones obtuse, rectangular ; in the fourth segment these processes are produced nearly to the anterior border, the side ones larger and each enclosing a small black spot ; fifth with a median triangle and two oblique side spots. . Legs yellow ; anterior femora above nearly the whole length, and the posterior above toward the end, deep black ; tarsi black. Wings nearly hyaline. Length, 54^""". One specimen. New Mexico. This species agrees rather closely with 7iigriceps^ but there can be no doubt of their distinctness. The male will probably show similar differences in the color of the legs and cheeks. Dalmannia nigriceps. Dalmannia nigjiceps Loew, Contiir., vii, 71. $ . Black, moderately shining. Front opacpie black, narrowly yel- lowish near the eyes, ocellar tubercle shining. Face and narrow poste- rior portions of the cheeks yellowish white, the cheeks broadly black. *S'. W. Will/'stou — North American Conopklce. 95 Antennae black, the second and third joints of nearly equal length ; the divisions of proboscis rather longer than anterior tibitu. Tho- rax with whitish pile ; humeri, a small vittula in front of the root of the wings, and a circular spot near tip of scutellum yellow. Abdo- men with similar whitish pile; first segment whoU}' black, second segment with a narrow posterior yellow border, slightly dilated in the middle ; third and fourth segments similar except that the trian- gular is successively larger and acutely prolonged anteriorly ; fifth segment with a narrow spot. Venter yellow, with a black basal tri- angle. Coxa3 black. Legs yellow ; anterior femora, except the apex, jiosterior femora with a rather broad subapical annulus, and all the tarsi black. Halteres yellow. Wings subinfuscated, lighter toward the base. $ . Like the male, except that the front is more broadly yellow on the sides ; the face, cheeks and anterior coxfe are yellow, and the black of the anterior femora confined to a subapical dorsal spot. Length 6i"'"', Connecticut, New York (Prof. Comstock). In the absence of black on the head and legs, the female differs strikingly from the male. Specimens of both sexes were, however, taken at the same time and place, and doubtless belong together. Loew described the male. Oncomyia. Occemyia Rob. Desvoidy, Dipt. des. Euvir. de Paris, 50 (1853). Oncomyia Loew, Centiir., vii, 73. Medium size to small species, nearly bare, moderately shinhig, dark colored, very similar to Zodion in appearance. Face rather larger than in Zodion, along the oral margins with a row of hairs ; cheeks narrower than the vertical diameter of the eyes. Second joint of antennte elongate, third as long or shorter than the second, oval. Proboscis slender, elongate, with a hinge near the middle, the terminal portion folding back as in 3fi/opa. Abdomen elongate, moderately narrowed tow^ard the base, very convex above ; process of the fifth segment below in the female large. Anal cell of the wing acute, extending toward the border. The species of Oncomyia are very difficult to distinguish, and the coloration, especially of the legs, is variable. The only way that a certain knowledge of them will be obtained is by the study of large collections, made in the same localities, and properly labeled. For this reason T have not thought it desirable to describe isolated speci- mens, though by so doing several additional species would have been added. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI, 1883. 13 July, 1883. 96 S. W. Williston — North American Conopidm. Second joint of the antennae but little or not at all longer than the third. Small species (5-5^"""). Baroni, new. Second joint of antennse considerably longer than the third. Large species (8-9°"") ; femora and tibiae wholly reddish yellow. modesta, new. Smaller species (5^-7'"") ; femora, or at least tibiae, in large part blackish. abbreviata. For 0. lor aria see below. Oncomyia modesta, new species. $, ? . Front reddish, black above at the vertex, below the vertex with a large blackish V-shaped spot. Face obscurely yellowish white, the excavated portion shining, the sides and cheeks with a silvery luster extending up along the eyes narrowly to the middle of the front. Cheeks scarcely as broad as the horizontal diameter of the eye. Antennae : first joint blackish, second joint black on its upper half, yellowish red below ; third joint black at its tip and upper border, yellowish red on its basal portion, more especially on tlie inner side, not more than two-thirds as long as second joint, scarcely more than once and a half longer than its width; the two joints of the proboscis of nearly equal length. Dorsum of thorax black, in well preserved specimens with whitish dust, leaving a median narrow blackish line. Abdomen black, with the same conspicuous dust on the sides of second and third segments and nearly covering the remainder; in the female the fifth and sixth segments are very short, the seventh wholly shining. Anterior coxa> mostly yellowish red, with silvery luster; middle and posterior coxa? black, the latter with silvery luster. Legs yellowish red, the tips of the tibiae some- times somewhat blackish. Tarsi blackish toward the tip. Wings with a distinct blackish shade, yellow at the base. Length 72-9""". Eight specimens. Washington Territory. California (Baron). A single female specimen from Mt. Washington (Mr. W. \\. Patton) resembles the western specimens very closely, but the third joint of the antenujc is nearly as long as the second, and rather more than twice as long as wide. The femora are black on the distal and upper portions, the tibia) are blacker at their tips and the tarsi almost whollv so. These differences make me very much inclined to believe that it is specifically distinct, but a single specimen is not sufficient to decide it. tS. W. Williston — North American Conopidm. 97 Oncomyia abbreviata. Oncomyia ahh-eviata Loew, Centur., vii, 73. 5 $ , Black with clilutely cinerescent, subopaque pollen. Face and cheeks light yellowish, with a silvery luster on the sides, ex- tending up narrowly on the sides of the front. Front lutescent, with a black V-shaped spot above, sometimes only blackish on the upper part. Antennae red, black along the upper border, second joint nearly half as long again as the third. Second joint of the proboscis a little shorter than the first. Dorsum of thorax grayish pollinose, in well preserved specimens with two faint, more thickly pollinose, median, slender sti'ipes on front part of thorax. Abdomen cinereous pollinose, more shiny along the middle. Legs, varying from blackish, except the bases of femora, tibite and tarsi, to yel- lowish red, with a blackish spot on the end of femora, the distal half of all the tibia? and terminal joints of tarsi black. Wings lightly infnscate, veins obscurely fuscous, towards the base reddish. Length 5|-7'"''\ The hind femoi'a always show the base more broadly reddish, and when the spot is confined to the tips of the femora it is only fus- cous in the hind pair. These differences would make me doubt the unity of the species were it not that nearly a dozen specimens were taken at the same time and place (Conn., June 25). I do not think it at all doubtful that it is Loew's species ; he had light colored specimens, in which the front was more reddish, and the faint dorsal stripes wholly imperceptible, A single specimen from Washington Territoi'y I can in no wise distinguish unless, perhaps, the second antennal joint is a little shorter. Other specimens I have from New York, also District of Columbia (Lw.) Oncomyia Baroni, new species. (5 ^ . Closely related to O. abbreviata, but the second joint of the anteiniiB is shoi-ter, scarcely longer than the third; the color is more shining black and the specimens are all distinctly smaller. Front blackish above, shiny, except two opaque elongate spots convergent in fi-ont, yellow on lower part. Antennre black ; the second joint below, and the third joint, except the upper anterior part, reddish. Second joint of proboscis shorter than the first. Legs in most of the specimens reddish yellow at the base of front and middle femora, basal half of hind femora, base of all the tibia? and tarsi ; the remain- 98 S. W. Williston— North Aiiicrkum Conopidm. cler blackish, in some specimens with less reddish. Wings inluscate on outer part, yellowish toward the base. Length 5-.5|""". Eight specimens from California (O. T. Baron) and one, which appears to be the same, from North l*ark, Colorado, (G. B, Grinnell). Oncomyia loraria. Oncomyia loraria Loew, Ceutur., vii, 74. Translation: "(J ?. Black, lightly whitish pollinose, antenme black, below red, legs in large part black, second joint of the pro- boscis exceeding the first a little in length. Long. corp. lf-2^ lines; of wings l^^-lf lines." " Black, lightly whitish pollinose, moderately shining. Head di- lutely yellowish, face with a white lustre. Front sordid reddish, near the vertex black-fuscous or black. Antenna? black, reddish below except the tip (' hiteribus adversis praoter marginem superum et prae- ter apicem, aversis in margine infero rnfis'). Second joint of proboscis a little longer than the first. Occiput black. On the dorsum of the thorax three lines denuded of pollen are indistinctly visible. Legs black, knees and base of posterior femora always, anterior coxa?, base of front and middle femora, and base of all the tibije and front joints of all the tarsi frequently testaceous. Wings cinereous, or dilutely infuscate, base narrowly lutescent. (New Hampshire)." A single specimen from Connecticut I would identify with this, except that the second joint of the proboscis is considerably shorter than the first, a character, however, that seems to be of little value ; the smaller size, Ci-4^'"'", would seem to prove its distinctness from 0. Baroni. IV. — On the Anatomy of Libinia emargmata Leach, the Spider Crab. By E, A. Andrews. The body of this common crab is spheroidal in form, prolonged in front so that this part has a triangular outline. It is covered with a firm chitinous shell, densely clothed with minute flattened pro- cesses, setse, wdiose edges are armed with spines, and with longer, more hair-like, setfe, similarly armed. The dorsal surface bears also many stouter seta3 with recurved tips. All these processes serve to entangle algoe, hydroids, and dirt. The stout carapace completely covers the dorsal surface of the animal and is prolonged between the eyes to form the emarginate or slightly forked rostrum (rs, fig. 1). It is set with numerous blunt spines and divided by grooves into regions, which take their names from the internal organs lying below them. A short transverse groove, part of the cervical groove, near the center of the carapace separates a broad swollen anterior area, the gastric lobe, from a narrow central area, the cardiac lobe. The outward and forward prolongations of this transverse groove, together with a longitudinal groove extending back from each of its ends, separate the above mentioned lobes from the large lateral areas or branchial lobes. On either side of the anterior part of the gastric lobe a small swollen area marks the place of attachment of the large adductor of the mandible, but is known as the hepatic lobe. Above the bases of the legs the carapace is reflected inwards and, passing upwards as a thin, translucent, chitinous membrane (c, fig. l), is attached to the upper edge of the flanks. A large branchial cavity is thus left on each side, betAveen the flanks and the overhanging carapace. Poste- riorly the carapace overhangs the basal portion of the abdomen, with the anterior edge of the dorsal surface of w^hich its delicate reflected portion (w, fig. 1) is continuous (o). In advance of the legs the reflected carapace forms on each side of the body a smaller, flattened cavity, the efterent canal (/, fig. 1), leading from the branchial cavity to the side of the mouth. The entire dorsal surface of the cephalo- thorax is thus protected by the carapace. The abdomen is small and flat and closely bent under the body. It is composed of seven joints or segments whose integument is well Tkans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI., 1883. 14 July, 1883. 100 E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the ^nder Crab. calcified in the exposed or true ) near the tip. The second joint (c) is small, and serves to make flexible connec- tions between the first and third. The second pair of appendages are much smaller than the first, and Avhen at rest lie in cavities on the posterior face of the latter, at the base of the third joint. They have, like the first pair, an immova- ble basal joint (6', fig. 4) followed by a small second joint ; but the third joint {d') is short, straight, and terminates in a membranous papilla (/>'). In the female there are four pairs of abdominal apijeudages (fig. 3) borne near the outer edges of the broad sterna of the second, third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments. Each consists of two long slender branches [ex, en, fig. 5), articulated to the abdomen by a par- tially calcitied membrane (jyr) representing a basal joint. The outer branch, exopodite (ex), curves inwards and is densely covered with soft setffi on its outer face. The inner branch is composed of a shorter proximal and a longer distal portion freely articulated to the i)roxi- mal. The distal portion stands nearly at right angles with the proximal, which is directed toward the medial line, and is divided into about fifteen imperfect joints by grooves on the upper or pos- terior face. A few similar grooves exist on the proximal portion ; from the edges of all, lung setae arise. These appendages, like those of the male, are ordinarily turned backward against the sternal sur- face (fig. 3), and are concealed by the abdomen. They difterbut lit- tle on the different segments, the length becoming less and the breadth of the outer branch greater tOAvard the end of the abdo- men. They are used for carrying the eggs. The locomotive organs are five pairs of long, cylindrical, slendei-, six-jointed legs, attached between the edge of the carapace and that of the sternal plastron. The anmdar basal joint (e, figs. 6, 7) moves horizontally on two pivot-like processes fitting into small cavities or sockets, a pivot on the lower edge [x) playing in a socket in the plastron, and a socket in the upper edge (s) receiving a pivot from the pleural wall, except on the fifth pair, where the upper socket is replaced by a pivot. Each of these joints is moved forward by powerful muscles attached to E. A. Andreios — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. 103 tlie walls of the lower apodeiiial cell of its own segment and con- nected with the anterior edge of the joint by a chitinoiis, tendon-like process of that edge. Backward movement is produced by muscles attached to the walls of the upper cell of the segment and similarly connected with the posterior edge of the joint. The articulations between the joints, except between the second and third, are similar pivot and socket arrangements, set at right angles to the plane of movement, which is alternately vertical and horizontal. With the exception of the third joint, each is moved by two sets of muscles connected with opposite edges of the proximal end by two tendons, and arising from the walls of the preceding segment, but the first joint being short the muscles of the second extend into the lower apodemal cell and are thex*e attached. The articulation between the second and third joints is peculiar ; they are united obliquely by a very firm mem- brane, which allows of a slight twisting or rotary motion of the third upon the second. The muscles arising from the walls of the second joint are connected by two short tendons with the posterior edge of the third joint. The first pair of legs (fig. '7), which are not so truly locomotive in function as the others, differ in having the fifth joint enlarged, flat- tened, with the tip prolonged so as to form with the modified termi- nal joint a chela or claw, and in bearing a sjjine (t) on the proximal part of the third joint. In the other legs (fig. 6) the terminal joint is conical and dark amber-colored at the tip. These chelate appendages differ, also, in the two sexes. In the female (fig. V) they are short, scarcely longer than the fifth or shortest pair of legs. In the male these chelate legs become nearly or quite as long as the second pair of legs and much stouter than in the female. The third and fifth joints are also longer in pro- portion to the length of the leg in the male than in the female, and the sockets at the proximal end of the fifth joint are not so promi- nent. These appendages present only slight and inconstant differ- ences on the two sides of the body. The manducatory appendages, which prepare the food and pass it to the mouth, are contained in the peristomial depression, and in- clude one pair of mandibles and five pairs of flattened organs directed forward and overlapping one another. The densely calcified mandi- bles stand on either side of the mouth, at the center of the peristome, and bear two-jointed palpi on their anterior faces. The right mandi- 104 E. A. Andrexo8 — Anatoni)/ of the t^pider Crab. l)Ie, whicli glides over tlie edge of the left in chewing, presents a slight tubercle at the apex of its curved cutting edge (c, fig. 8)- Each mandible (fig. S), projecting downward from the sternal wall, is articulated along its outer edge to the edge of the endostoina {en, fig. 20, this is the calcified sternal plate which forms the roof of the anterior part of the peristome and sends back a branch on either side of the moutli), while the inner edge {a, fig. 8) articulates pos- teriorly to a process from the sternum of the following segment. Near this latter articulation a very long tendon {t') arises from the edge of the mandible, and, passing obliquely upward by the side of the stomach, is connected with an adductor muscle (///, fig. l), origi- nating from the carapace. The mandible is continued within the body cavity as a stout process, hollow on the posterior face, and is divisible into a vertical («, fig. 8) and a horizontal or posterior branch {in). The former, extending up by the side of the stomach, is articulated externally to a large tendon {t), to which is attached the large trian- gular mass of abductor muscles extending outward and fastened to the carapace («<, fig. 1). From the inner face of this vertical process a large slender abductor muscle j)asses downward and inward in front of the long tendon oi'the smaller mandibular adductor, and is attaclied to the apodemal process arising between the first and second maxillae. The j)OSterior part of the process {ui, fig. 8) is articulated with the anterior side of the framework to which the second maxilla is attached ; and bears on its horizontal edge a slender tendon [t") which arises vertically and is joined to the carapace by a small abductor muscle [a, b, fig. J), which is accompanied by a long muscle running down to the first maxilla. The mandibles thus move trans- versely, with a slight I'oUing motion. Inserted close behind and partly overlying the mandibles are the first pair of maxillje (fig. 9), small delicate organs, divided into three lamelliform lobes or branches, the central and inner ones of which (c, b) bear stout bristle-like seta\ The external portion {en, fig. 9) bears only filiform setaj. The second pair of maxilhe (fig. 10) are more important as acces- sory respiratory organs than as organs of mastication. They arise behind the first, but noticeably farther fi-om the median line. The two lobes nearer the median line {b, c, en) are small and delicate, the outer {b) is cleft. The external lobe (en) bears long delicate seta'. Far the largest part of the appendage is the scaphognathite {s(/), the large outer lobe which forms a curved lamina, prolonged longi- tudinally, and lying horizontally in the efterent canal. It acts con- E. A. Andreics — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. 105 tinually, baling out the water from the branchial cavity through the efferent canal. The pair of appendages arising behind the second maxillje are the first pair or ma.xillipeds (fig. 11). Eacii bears two smaller lobes {h,c) near the median line : the innermost (c) which is much thickened, set with stout setse, and projects forward from the side of the terminal point of the sternal plastron to the posterior edge of the mouth ; and two long somewhat united lobes {en^ ex), which run forward between the mandible and the opening of the efferent canal. The outermost of these latter lobes {ex) bears a slender palpus [p). Still farther from the median line, the maxilliped gives rise to a long lamina {ep)^ which extends far back into the branchial cavity over the surface of the branchiae and is called the epipodite or gill- scraper (s, fig. 1). Its basal part is much broadened and lies under the posterior half of the scaphognathite. In the next pair of appendages, the second maxillipeds (fig, 12), the inner lobes (6, c) are less prominent, while the long external lobes [ex, i-d) are entirely separate. The epipodite bears on its basal stem-like portion a small, symmetrical branchia (br). This epipodite extends below the branchioe, in the upper part of the branchial cavity (s', fig. 1). The most posterior of the mouth ap])endages, the third maxilli. peds (fig. 13) resemble the second maxillipeds; but the two long lobes {ex, i-d) are much broader arid thicker, forming a stout covering to all the preceding mouth parts. The long, stout stem of the epipo. dite bears an unsymmetrical branchia {hr) and extends outward above the basal joint of the chelate leg, forming a sort of valve to the efterent opening of the branchial cavity, and then turns back nearly at right angles, as a lamina, under the branchiae in the lower part oi' the branchial cavity (s", fig. 1). The appendages of the head, which bear the sense organs, are the pair of eye-stalks and the two pairs of antenna? or feelers. The most anterior, the eye-stalks (fig. 14), are short, cylindrical, two-jointed organs, arising side by side from the upper edge of the perpendicular portion of the sternal wall and directed outward (e, fig. 1). The basal joint {a, fig. 14) is imperfectly calcified on the posterior side, but the second joint {b) is well calcified, constricted about the middle, and terminates in a convex, transj)arent surface, serving as a cornea (c). The entire appendage lies in the orbit, a cavity formed by the union of processes of the rostrum and carapace with the basal joint of the >:'econd antenna, and when not in use its corneal surface 106 E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the Spider Crah. is concealed by being folded back against the concave surface of the process arising from the carapace, as at e, fig. 20. The first pair of antennae, or antennules (fig. 15), are inserted immediately below the eye-stalks, but are directed downward and forward. They lie in the antennulary cavity, which is bounded below by the basal joint of the antenna on either side, and is roofed over above by the rostrum. The large cuboidal basal joints (a) nearly fill the upper part of the cavity, and are separated from one another by a median partition formed by a process of the rostrum and one from the epistoma or antennary sternum. Three joints beav, on the side farthest from the median line, a slight groove (A) marking the entrance to the auditory sac or ear. The remaining joints of the antennule may also be folded up within the cavity and thus protected. The second (i) and third (c) are more slender than the first, and cyl- indrical; the third bears at its extremity two short, jointed filaments ( /■, (j). The lower or posterior filament {g) is composed of about nine joints ; the anterior (/), of about twenty-nine, which, except the large basal one and the terminal three, are very short and bear on their lower sides light colored seta with dark brown bases, forming a dense brush. The second antenna, or antennae proper (fig. 16), arise below and exterior to the antennuliK and project forward horizontally («, fig. l). Tlie basal joints («, fig. 16) are very large, rectangular in outline, and are firmly soldered at their bases to the antennary sternum. and at their tips to the rostrum, thus bridging over the passages joining the orbits with the antennulary cavity. Near the base of each, is the opening of the duct of the green gland, which is closed by an ellip- tical plate {a, fig. 16), produced within the body cavity as a slender, chitinous process. The two following joints of the antenn:>? {li) are much smaller than the first, resembling the corresponding joints of the antennuhe, and lie by the edge of the rostrum. From the eX; tremity of the third joint a single slender filament (<7), composed of about fifteen joints, projects forward a little beyond the tij) of the rostrum (fig. 1). Alimentary System. — The alimentary canal (fig. 19) includes the (esophagus, stomach, and intestines, with their appendages. The mouth is a longitudinal, quadrangular opening at the center of the peristome, bounded anteriorly by the large fiesliy lobe, the labnim (/6, fig. 1 9), laterally by the mandibles, and posteriorly by the forked metastoma, a lobe of wliidi lies in the cavity on the pos- terior face of each m.-nulible. E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. lo*/ From the month the sliort, wide oesophagus {oe) leads upward and slightly backward to the large stomach, which lies partly above the mouth and fills most of the cavity of the head region {g, fig. 1 ). The stomach includes a large spherical anterior portion (c, fig. 19), the cardiac region, and a smaller, cylindrical, posterior part (jy), the py- loric region, which is inclined downward. Like the oesophagus it is lined \vith a thin chitinous cuticle continuous with the external chiti- nous body wall ; and which in the pyloric and posterior part of the cardiac regions becomes folded and thickened to form the numerous chitinous ossicles and ridges which make up the complicated grinding and straining apparatus (figs. 17, 18). On removing the muscular walls of the stomach th(; chitinous cuti- cle is seen to have a very irregular surface, the ossicles projecting and deep cavities corresponding to some of the internal projections. A deep dorsal, and deeper ventral cavity serve to make a constric- tion between the pyloric and cardiac regions. The chief pieces of the grinding apparatus of the cardiac region are three stout ossicles bearing internal, dark-colored, toothed prom- inences. Of these a long, median one, the urocardiac ossicle (?o, figs, 17, 18), which lie on the dorsal surface of the anterior part of the pylorus and serve to connect these lateral ossicles with the median, prepyloric ossicle (^j). This latter ossicle forms the anterior face of the upper part of the pylorus and articu- lates at its lower end with the urocardiac ossicle. These three me- dian ossicles and three pairs of paired ossicles (including the pyloric Trans. Conn. Acad., YoL. VI, 1883. 15 July, 1883. 108 E. A. Andreios — Anatomy of the Sjyider Crab. ossicles) are the only ones visible on the dorsal surface of the cardiac region. On the ventral surface a single median cartilaginous plate forms the posterior face of the cardiac region and projects as a tongue- shaped process into the mouth of the pylorus. This is the posterior cardiac ossicle, and leads from near the oesophagus to the opening into the pylorus where it is fringed with setae. Between its forked lower extremity and the opening of the oesophagus a median lamella projects into the cardiac cavity. The posterior cardiac ossicle is closely united on each side to a slender ossicle (wp, fig. 17), which forms a rim along the lower posterior edge of the cardiac region. Each of the slender ossicles articulates at its upper posterior end with a slender vertical ossicle {2^1, fig. 17), the postero-lateral, which joins above to the supero-lateral ; and it is also joined to the lower anterior ossicle {ij)", fig. 1 7) of the pylorus. Just above and parallel to each of these rim-like ossicles («;;, fig. 17) a more slender ossicle {il), the infero-lateral, supports a delicate fringe of setai lying parallel to the posterior cardiac plate and to a sipiilar fringe arising just above the infero-lateral ossicle. The ciu'ved lower end of this ossicle («, fig. 17) is attached to a papilliform process, covered with long setfe, which stands at the lower end of the double fringe. Its curved upper end (Z>) articulates to the lateral cardiac piece {be). This is a small infolding of the cuticle projecting into the cardiac cavity as a five-clawed, calcified process, below the large toothed surface of the supero-lateral ossicle. It is joined to the latter ossicle by a long curved ossicle {ac), the accessory cardiac ossicle, which passes forward and upward and is connected by a short cartilaginous piece [Tc) with a projection on the slender anterior part of the supero- lateral ossicle. There are thus twenty distinct ossicles visible on the external sur- face of the chitinous lining of the cardiac portion of the stomach, four median and sixteen in pairs. There are also two slightly calcified areas on either side above the ceso])hagus (>/?, ri, fig. 17) which inter- nally are covered with scta^ Moreover, behind each supero-lateral and each lateral toothed process, and on each side of the jjra^pyloric ossicle, behind the urocardiac, a cushion-like process set with numer- ous seta^ projects into the cavity of the stomach. The chitinous cuticle of the pyloric region of the stomach is much compressed along its lower half; but its lower edge projects outward as a broad shelf, formed posteriorly by the well calcified lateral pouch (t>, fig. 17) on either side. TJ»e upj)er more, cylindrical portion E. A. Andrews — Anatoniy of the Spider Crab. 109 may be dividied into three dilations or pouches. The most anterior of these and the largest, lies behind the praepyloric ossicle, and bears on its upper surface the two pyloric plates and on each lateral sur- face a slender ossicle (s, fig. 11) whose anterior end, is inserted between the pyloric ossicle (^>o) and the superodateral cardiac ossicle [si). The middle pouch is narrower and on a lower level than the first, it bears four meso-pyloric ossicles. A pair of these lie along the upper surface {ms, figs. 17, 18), one on either side of the median line, and articulate at their posterior ends with a pair of somewhat triangular transverse ossicles (ta). These latter are articulated to the upper posterior processes of the lateral pyloric ossicles (Ij)). This lateral pyloric ossicle on either side is a broad vertical piece, descending across the compressed part of the pylorus, and is articulated by a slender process at its lower anterior edge with the small plate (Zy fig. 17) forming the upper surface of the anterior part of the shelf-like projection of the pylorus, while a process from the lower posterior end joins it to the postero-lateral pyloric plate (^:>^j), fig. 17). At this point of union a delicate, spatulate process projects from the wall of the pylorus {^y, fig. 18), The posterior pouch is formed by the origin of the chitinous lining of the intestine and is broader than the com- pressed part of the pylorus, projecting on either side. Its anterior edge is formed by an arch of five delicate uropyloric ossicles, a curved median dorsal one {up^ fig. 17, 18) and two pairs of lateral ones (up', up"), of which the lower are much the smaller. From this framework a delicate chitinous cuticle extends backward a short dis- tance into the intestine in the form of a funnel (/") open on the lower side ; it is then reflected back on itself fiar more than half its length and is attached to the muscular wall of the intestine. The folded portion, which thus projects freely into the intestine, must form a valve preventing the contents of the intestine from passing forward into the stomach. Below this posterior pouch the lateral pouches (o) connect with a pair of three-pronged ossicles ((7, fig. 17) forming the posterior boundary of the pylorus and including between them the opening of the bile ducts into the posterior end of the pylorus (h). The horizontal upper surface of each lateral pouch or capsule is con- tinuous with the broad, vertical, postero-lateral pyloric plate (pp) which forms part of the wall of the compressed lateral portion of the pylorus. These capsules are articulated anteriorly with a single median, transverse, infero-pyloric ossicle {ip'), the anterior edge of which articulates to a similar infero-pyloric ossicle (ip). This latter ossicle is larger and forms the posterior boundary of the deep cavity, 1 10 E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the Sjnder Crab. Hepju'iiting tlie lower part of" tlie cardiac and j>yloric regions, on the sides of wliicli two processes {ip") run forward to join the posterior cardiac ossicle, or rather the ossicles forming its rim. The pi'ineipal chitinous pieces vi^iljle on the exterior of the pylorus are thus twenty- seven in number, three median and twenty-four in pairs. The inner walls of the lateral pouches (o) are continued into the cavity of the pylorus as a stout median ridge, filling most of the nar- row space between the postero-lateral pyloric plates {pp) and giving rise at its posterior edge to a transverse, lanceolate, valvular process which extends upward into the cavity and with the posterior ))air of superior valves nearly closes the more open upper part of the pylorus. The two pairs of superior valves are lanielliform processes arising from the upper walls of the pylorus, fringed with setre, and forming, when brought in contact, a straining apparatus. The anterior pair are prolonged backward from the upper wall of the middle pouch and have free triangular terminations. The posterior pair are curved ridges arising from the anterior edge of the thii'd pouch. There is also a setose ridge on either side of the cavity of the pylorus, imme diately above the postero-lateral plate, and a small setose papilla in advance of the origin of each antero-superior valve. The chief muscles by which the chitinous skeleton is set in motion so as to bring the toothed processes in contact with one another, and which also aid in holding the stomach in place, are the anterior and the posterior gastric muscles {ag.pg^ figs. 1, 19). The former pair extend from the cardiac and pterocardiac ossicles forward to a pair of laraelliform processes, arising from the sternal wall a little above the insertion of the optic peduncles. The pair of postei'ior gastric muscles pass back from the prepyloric and pyloric ossicles to the carapace, where they are attached to small transverse ridges on each side of the median line. There are also two other pairs of muscles on the dorsal face of the stomach, the cardio-pyloric {cp^ fig. 1), extend- ing from the pterocardiac ossicles to the prtepyloric ossicle, and the supero-pyloric muscles {sp^ fig. 1, 19), extending directly upward from the triangular mesopyloric ossicles to the carapace, where they are attached to a pair of disk-shaped processes. On each lateral face of the stomach there are three extrinsic mus- cles: a stout, long muscle (»*, tig. 19) extending from the interior of the two calcified areas on the side of the cardiac portion of the stomach forward to the roof of the efferent canal in advance of the mandi))le {in. fig. 20), and attache') to the accessory cardiac ossicle, the lowest {?i) to the calcified area on the side of the cardiac region. A pair of smaller muscles connect the posterior part of the cardiac with the anterior part of the pyloric region. From the latter, also, two muscles (o, o', fig. 19) run upward on each side to the middle pyloric sac. The oesophagus is connected with the endostoma by two muscles (l, I' fig. 19), on each side, one above and one below the commissure, and by a pair from the anterior face («, figs. 19, 20). From the posterior face a pair of muscles {b) pass backward and outward to the points of attachment of the large mandibular abductors. The in- trinsic muscles of the oesophagus may bring its walls in contact with one another, and valvular folds at the opening of the cardiac region act, in addition, to prevent the contents of the stomach from passing into the oesophagus. The two ducts of the so-called 'liver' (I, fig. 1) enter the pylorus at its extreme lower posterior end (A, fig. 19). They divide into large branches Avith delicate walls at a short distance from their com- mon opening ; and the numerous branches ramify throughout the entire cephalotliorax and basal portion of the abolomen, receiving the secretions of innumerable small, yellow, tubular sacs which make up the mass of the liver. The liver thus occupies all the spaces left between the other viscera and extends even a short distance into the apodemal cells. The muscular wall of the stomach is continued posteriorly as the wall of the intestine (i, fig. 19). The latter viscus is a tubular organ extending back from the pylorus to the anus (an), which is on the ventral face of the telson, or seventh abdominal segment, without convolutions ; but it is not entirely straight, bending down under the heart and then rising at the posterior part of the thorax on one side of the median line, and in the reflexed abdomen necessarily run- ning forward. The chitinous integument is continued inward at the anus as a delicate cuticle lining the intestine as far as into about the fourth abdominal segment where it terminates in a valvular arrangement formed by five thickened ridges. Corresponding to this valve there is a raised muscular ring (s) about the wall of the intestine 112 E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. marking oft'tlie anterior portion {i), which is without cliitinous lining, from the posterior, straight portion {i') which is tlius lined. The anterior portion receives the secretion of a pair of cylindrical glands or Cffica («, figs. 1, 19), wliich are coiled vertically, side by side, above the posterior part of the pylorus. They open into the origin of the intestine immediately behind the union of its muscular wall with the reflexed cliitinous cuticle (f, figs. 17, 18), which forms the valve guarding the opening of the pylorus into the intestine. Slightly in advance of the valve separating the two regions of the intestine, a long tubular cajcum (i/, fig. 19) arises and runs forward, either on the I'ight or the left of the intestine, and is coiled either horizontally or vertically by its side, in the upper posterior part of the thoracic cavity. On entering the intestine, its diameter is nearly half that of the latter, but it diminishes to a slender tube in the terminal coiled portion. Reproductive System. — The internal reproductive organs are large and conspicuous, being of a clear white color in the male and bright red in the female, and lying partly exposed when the carapace and the underlying dermal covering are removed (^, fig. 1), In the mature female the ovary consists of a pair of large cylin- drical sacs filled with red ova, and which unite under the anterior edge of the heart. In advance of this union each lobe extends for- ward, by the side of the stomach, close to the carapace and then turns sharply back and extends upon the roof of the branchial cavity towards its apex. Behind the point of union the two lobes or sacs pass backward under the edges of the branchial cavities, and then turning downward unite with the posterior faces of two white sacs, the spermatheca3. The spermathecje communicate with the exterior through cylindrical cliitinous infoldiugs of the integument, the external openings of which are on the sternum of the third segment bearing ambulatory limbs. These two openings are on the anterior faces of two ridges or swellings of the integument at the inner ends of the grooves separating this segment fi'oni the preceding one. The ovary, before turning down to these spermathecpo, sends back, either on the right or the left, a jjrolongation which extends into the abdomen and fills the median portion of its first two or three seo-ments. Occasionally this backward prolongation is somewhat developed from both lobes of the ovary at the same time, and the organ then becomes more symmetrical. In the male the generative organs occupy the same general position that the ovaries do in the female. The testes (<, fig. l) are two very E. A. Andrews — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. 113 long, slender tubules forming on either side of the stomach a much convoluted mass, which resembles in shape and position the corre- sponding lobe of the ovary and is like that united to its fellow under the anterior edge of the heart. Behind this union the tubules expand, forming on either side, beneath the heart, a convoluted tub6 {f, fig. 1), which becomes posteriorly still larger and less convoluted and extends back to the opening in the chitinous roof of the posterior apodemal cell. Befoi-e passing through these openings these tubes or ducts receive the secretions of a pair of large glands {t", fig. 1) filling most of the space between the carapace and the posterior apodemal cells. These glands are composed of large, translucent, irregiilarly branched sacs or tubes containing a viscid adhesive substance. The ducts having passed- into the posterior apodemal cells become much more slender, but have a much firmer wall. They pass forward and then turn backward through these cells and enter the basal joints of the posterior ambulatory legs, where their walls become continuous with the chitinous, cuticular covering of the penis. These organs ai-e short papillae arising from the lower inner edges of the basal segments of the posterior legs and are clothed with setse on the side towards the median line. The tip can be somewhat invaginated. Circulatory System. — The heart (/i, fig. 1) is a large pentagonal disk lying in the pericardial sinufe immediately under the central por- tion of the carapace, between the apices of the two branchial cham- bers. It communicates with the pericardium through six apertures, four on the u})per surface and one on each of the antero-lateral faces, which are guarded by valves opening inward. It is held in place by three fibrous bands connecting its upper surface with the integument, by a similar band on each side connecting it with the edge of the branchial chamber, by its contact with the floor and anterior wall of the pericardium («^9, fig. 1) and by the arteries arising from it. Of these arteries, three arise from the anterior angle of the heart. The median one (?•'), the ophthalmic artery, runs straight forward close to the integument over the stomach, without giving oif many branches, and passing between the anterior gastric muscles it ex- tends down in front of that organ, giving branches to the eye-pedun- cles and to the rostrum. The other two (r), arising on either side of the median one, are the antennary arteries, and run forward and outward parallel to the stomach and close to the dermis till they meet the portions of the reproductive organs which turn outward ; under these they pass and continue forward into the antennae. From them 114 E. A. Andreics — Anatomy of the {Spider Crab. arise mimerous branches wliich suj)})ly the dermis, reprofluctive organs, and the muscles of the stoniacli ami mandibles. P^roni the lower edge of the anterior face of the heart there arise two he})atic arteries, one between each antennary artery and the lateral side of the heart. These arteries and their branches have a yellow color which renders it easy to trace them. They descend into the mass of tlie liver and give off" numerous branches, which ramify throughout the entire liver and cover the intestine in the thoracic cavity with numerous fine vessels. From the posterior angle of the lieart and a little to one side of the central line, the sternal artery (?•", fig. !■), the largest of all, arises. From near its origin, between the cavity of the heart and the valves of the sternal artery preventing the blood from flowing back into the heart, there arises the slender superior abdominal artery {r'"). The sternal aitery passes downward and slightly forward, sometimes on the right and sometimes on the left of the median line, till near the apodemal processes, when it sends off" from its posterior side the slender inferior abdominal artery (;■"", fig. 20), and passing between the two nervous cords which enter the abdomen, it turns forward parallel to and but little above the sternal surface of the body. From the descending portion a few delicate branches pass into the liver mass; and two long ones run forward under the floor of the pei-icardium. This large horizontal part of the sternal artery gives off" six pairs of large branches (6-11, fig. 20), one to each segment bearino" the ambulatory legs, and one to that bearing the thii-d max- iliiped. As the artery closely follows the sternal surface it rises with the cephalic flexure, and from this inclined portion gives off two pairs of smaller branches, the posterior (5, fig. 20) supplying the second maxillipeds, the anterior (3, 4, fig. 20) forking and sup- ijlyino; the first maxillipeds and the second maxilhe. Behind the moTith the artery forks, and each part giving off a branch to the first maxilla (2), goes forward around the cesophagus, giving off a branch into the mandible (1) and others to the muscles of the (i>so])h- ao-us and forward over the endostoma. The six pairs of branches iriven ofl" from tlie horizontal path of the sternal artery continue out throut^h the apodemal cells into the appendages of the six posterior thoracic segments, but each gives off besides numerous small branches a laro-e branch (7'-ll', fig. 20) which subdivides and supplies the adductor and abductor in both cells of tlie same segments. The small superior abdominal artery (r'", fig. 1), which arises on the inner side of the sternal artery at its origin, continues back close to the E. A. Andrexos — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. 115 carapace, througli the thorax and enters the abdomen. It gives off two branches in tlie tliorax and several small ones in the abdomen, along the dorsal part of which it passes a little to the left of the median line. The inferior abdominal artery (/'", fig. 20) is of abont the same size as the superior. It runs back along the sternal part of the abdomen, turning to one side of the median line, and gives branches to the ilexor muscles. Near its origin a long slender branch passes up to the intestine on the surface of which it ramifies. The blood from the arteries collects in sinuses and then in cavities under the branchije, whence it passes into the afferent vessels of those organs («/", fig. l). In each branchial chamber the branchiro are nine in number; they form a conical mass, resting on the lateral walls of the body at an angle of about forty-five degrees. The four larger ones are attached in a longitudinal row, the posterior two [hr 6, hr 1, fig. 1), each to an opening in the pleural wall above the insertion of second and third ambulatory limbs respectively, the anterior two {br 4, br 5), to the articular membrane of the first or chelate leg. Three smaller branchite {br 1, br 2, br 3), the shortest of which does not extend quite to the apex of the branchial chamber, ai-e attached in a trans- verse direction, owing to the constriction of the body in front of the ambulatory legs. The outer two (br'', br^) are attaclied to the articular membrane of the third maxilliped ; the innermost and smallest {br 1), to that of the second maxilliped. Closely applied to the bases of these branchiae and filling out the general conical outline, are the two remaining branchije, which are mucii smaller and are attached to the epipodites of the first and second maxillipeds {br, figs. 12, 13). Each branchia consists of an anterior and a posterior series of closely set horizontal laminae, connected by two vertical vessels, an outer, afferent {af, fig. 1), and an inner, efferent {ef, fig. 1), which communicate with cavities in each lamina. The whole has the shape of a quadrangular pyramid attached at its base. The integument of the branchise is a thin chitinous cuticle continuous with the integu- ment of the body. To aerate the blood in the laminaj water is con- stantly drawn into the chamber through the afferent opening just in advance of the basal joint of the chelate leg, being forced out through the efferent canal by the working of the scaphognathite {sg, fig. 10) ; and it is kept in motion by the epipodites {ep, figs. 11, 12, 13), within the chamber. The efl'erent vessels of the branchiae open into the branchio-cardiac Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI, 1883. 16 July, 1883. 110 E. A. Andrewfi — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. ciiiials {I>c^ titf. 1) which run ui)\vartl just l)enoath the floor of the l)iaiicliial chamber and communicate witli the pericanlium. Tlie canals from the posterior two branchia' unite to form one, and those from llie anterior branchiie also unite. The two large canals thus formed have a common opening into the pericardium, nearly opposite to the lateral ^■alve of the heart, and Iteneath the apex of the bran- chial chamber. Nervous System. — The nervous system (fig. 20) comprises the two large ganglionic masses connected by commissures ; the nerves ema- nating from them ; and the stomato-gastric system connected with the commissures. The thoracic ganglion {tg) is a large, flattened, oval mass, lying horizontally immediately above the sternal artery in the central part of the thorax. From its anterior end two stout commissural cords (c) run upward and forward to the cei)halic ganglion {eg), passing on either side of the cesophagus {pe) just behind which they are connected by a transverse cord {Jc). The cephalic ganglion is large, but much smaller than the thoracic ganglion, flattened, transversely elongated, and lies against the up- turned antennulary sternum. From each outer anterior angle of this cephalic, or cerebral, ganglion, a large optic nerve (i) passes outward and forward into the ophthalmic peduncle ; it is closely accompanied along its posterior side by a smaller motor nerve [mo) supplying the muscles of the pedunc'.e. From the lower face of the ganglion, somewhat behind the origin of the optic nerves, a pair of smaller nerves pass downw^ard and forward into the antennules. From each lateral edge a large nei-ve runs directly outward and forks near the edge of the carapace {chi), the anterior and posterior branches supplying the dermis. From the posterior edge the two cireum- oesophageal commissures {c) pass back to the thoracic ganglion. Between the lateral dermal nerves and the commissures, but from a loAver level, there arises on each side a nerve which passes down- ward and forward into the antenna (iii). Thus the cerebral ganglion gives off" five pairs of nerves. From the posterior end of the tlioracic ganglion two nervous cords, unequal in size {an), run horizontally backward and enter the abdomen, passing on either side of the descending sternal artery (/•"). In the abdomen the filaments of these cords become separated, some l)assing back toward the anus below jmd by the sides of the intes- tine, while each appendage receives one nerve which j)asses outward from near the median line. E. A. Andrews — Anatounj of the Spider Crab. 117 From eacli side of this oanoHon five lary'e nervous cords (x-xiv fig. 20) pass outward horizontally through the apodemal cells and into the five ambulatory legs where they supply the muscles moving the various joints. These cords are flattened and inclined, those to the first pair of ambulatory legs forward, those to the remainino- ambulatory legs backward. A portion of each cord (x'-xiv') sepa- rates from the rest not far from its origin and continues upward into the apodemal cells as a smaller cord supplying the muscles of the two cells of the segment whose appendage the main part of the cord supplies. The quadrant which is left between the anterior of these five large nervous cords, on either side, and the commissure, is occu- pied by the delicate nerves radiating outward to the mandible, maxillae, and maxillipeds (iv-ix). The most posterior of these is the largest (ix) ; it passes outward into the third maxilliped, and is divided into an upper (ix) and a lower portion (ix') which are separate almost from their origin. The smaller nerve (v^iii) in advance of this is likewise divided into an upper and lower part ; it passes into the second maxilliped. The first maxilliped is sup- plied by a slender nerve (vii) passing forward and outwai'd on the same low plane as those of the other maxillipeds and therefore below the nerve of the second maxilla. This nerve (vr), passing- upward and forward, runs directly above the former and turns outward into the second maxilla between two of tlie apodemal processes. Between this nerve to the second maxilla and the com- missui'e, and close to the latter, the delicate nerves pass forward to the mandible and first maxilla. That to the first maxilla (v) is similar to the nerve to the second maxilla, but nearer to the com- missure ; and it gives off near its origin a delicate bianch which runs forward in close contact with the nerve to the mandible till opposite the first maxilla where it turns outwaid (v') and supplies the muscles of that appendage. The nerve to the mandible (iv) lies very close to the commissure and turns outward into the mandible between the oesophagus and the endostomal plate. A finer nervous filament (it') lies between this last nerve and the commissure, and is continued outward by the side of the oesophagus to the abductor and the adductor muscles of the mandible. The thoracic ganglion thus gives origin to a pair of single or double nerves, supplying each of the ten pairs of appendages of the cephalothorax, besides the pair of commissures connecting it with the cc])halic ganglion and the double nerve extending back into the abdomen. In addition to these radiating horizontal neives, a pair 118 E. A. Andreios — Anatonnj of t/ie Spider Crab. of ascending nerves (re) arises from the u|)|>er surface of the thoracic ganglion. These nerves arise behind the commissures, in advance of the point of origin of tlie nerves to the chelate feet, and are of about the same diameter as the conmiissures. They extend forward and upward and passing over the edge of the endostomal framework of the gnathites, turn back over the branchial cavity close to the membrane forming its roof as the recurrent cutaneous nerves, subdividing near the apex of that cavity. On turning backward each gives off a large bianch which extends outward over the roof of the efferent canal. The nerves supplying the third maxilli])eds (vi, fig. 20), and the first ambulatory legs (vii) coincide in direction at tlieir origin with the arterial branches lying beneath them and supplying the same appendages ; but the nerves to the other appendages do not so coincide, the anterior ones (i-v) arising behind the origins of the corresponding arteries, the posterior ones (viii-xi) arising in front of them. The stomato-gastric system comprises the delicate nervous fila- nients arising from the commissures and supplying the muscles of the stomach and cesophagus. There are three of these arising from a slightly swollen portion of each commissure ((/, fig. 20) opposite the oesophagus. The smallest of these arises from the upper surface and l)asses up on the side of the oesophagus. A larger nerve passes down- ward from the lower surface and then forks, the longer fork running forward between the oesophagus and the endostoma towards the labrum. The third nerve passes from the under surface forward, around the oesophagus, just below the commissure, and, sending off two branches upward u])0n the oesophagus and stomach, unites with its fellow on the median line some distance in front of the (esopha- gus (>/). From this union a median nerve passes forward uiuler the cardiac region of tiie stomach till it meets the descending ojihthahuic artery, to the lower or posterior surface of which it closely adheres, and thus passes up <)ver the dorsal surface of the stonuich, supplying the muscles there. From the same ])oint of union a nerve passes downward and soon forks, the branches extending backward on each side of the lower part of the (esophagus. E. A. Andretos — Anatomy of the /Sjnder Crab. 119 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate XXV. Fig. 1. — Male, witli the carapace removed: about natural size. On the left the dermis has been folded outward, as has also the cuticnlar lining of the posterior part of the branchial cavity. On the right these have been removed, and also the portion of the liver, testis and antennary artery, lying over the anterior part of the branchial cavity, and the branchiae have been turned outward, showing the floor of the cavity. On this side, also, the carapace has been removed from about the eye and the attachment of the autero-gastric muscle : a, antenna ; ab, abductor of mandible and mu.scle from the first maxilla, here attached to the carapace; af, afferent vessel of branchia; ag, antero-gastric muscle; op, anterior wall of the pericardium ; b, muscular bands connecting the cuticular cov- ering of the anterior part of the branchial cavity with the carapace; be, branchio-car. diac canal: br\-br1, branchiae: c, cuticular covering of the branchial chamber; cp, cardio-pyloric muscle; d, dermis ; e, eye; e/, efferent vessel of branchice; /, roof of the efferent canal ; g, stomach ; gg, portion of the green gland ; h, heart, with four orifi- ces and five supporting bands ; i, intestine; I, liver; m, m', great and small adductors of the mandible ; the latter, on the right, is separated from the postero-gastric mus- cle to show the testis passing below their common origin ; o, line of union of the dor- sal surface of the abdomen and the refiexed part of the carapace ; p, prolongation of o, connecting it with the edges of the flanks ; pg, postero-gastric muscle ; pt, pterocar- diac ossicle ; r, antennary artery, with main branches ; r', ophthalmic artery ; r", origin of sternal artery ; r"", superior abdominal artery ; rs, rostrum ; S, S', S", epi- podites of the first, second and third maxillipeds ; sp, supero-pyloric muscle ; t, tes. tis ; f, posterior, less convoluted portion ; i", accessory organ connected with the vas deferens ; u, i^yloric ca^cal appendage ; u', posterior unpaired ctecal appendage ; w, refiexed cuticular portion of the carapace covering the origin of the abdomen ; x, muscular bands joining the upper inner edge of the apodemal framework of the carapace; z, muscles which appear to assist in respiration by raising the fold of the carapace, which partly closes the posterior opening of the branchial cavity. Fig. 2. — Upper, or true ventral surface of male abdomen ; about natural size. The first appendage has been removed on the right to show the second : a anus ; 6, c, d, joints of the first appendage ; ?/, c', d\ those of the second ; o, cavity into which a projection of the thorax fits and holds the abdomen in place ; p, process by which the abdomen is attached to the edge of the fianks ; xv-xxi, seven termi- nal segments forming the abdomen. Fig. 3. — Upper or true ventral surface of female ; about natural size. The appendages of the right side have been removed : en, ex, pr, endopodite, exopodite and protopodite of the first appendage ; other letters as in fig. 2. Figs. 4, 4a. — Appendages of the male abdomen; anterior face of the first and second appendage on the right side ; enlarged about two diameters : b, c, d, b\ c', d', joints of the first and of the second appendages ; p. membranous process near the tip of the first appendage ; p', membranous papilla-like termination of the second appendage. Fig. 5. — Posterior face of the right abdominal appendage of the second pair ; female; enlarged about two diameters: ex, exopodite; en, endopodite; pn-, membra- nous articulating portion, representmg the protopodite. 120 E. A. Andrews — Atuitomy oftlie Spider Crab. Plate XXVI. Fig. 6. — Anterior face of locomotive appendaj^e of female ; about natiir;il size : c, coxa ; cp, carpus ; hi, joint representing the basis and ischium ; d, dactylus ; pr, propodus; to, merus; s, articular cavity; x, articular process. Fig. 7. — Anterior face of right chelate appendage of female ; about natural size : t, spine; other letters as in fig. 6. Fig. 8. — Inner face of right mandible of male ; enlarged about two diameters : a, inner edge to which is attached the cuticle bordering the mouth ; c, cutting edge ; p, two-jointed palpus; n, m, vertical and horizontal portions of the internal part of the mandible ; t, t\ tendons of the large and small adductors ; t'\ tendon of ascending abd victor. Fig. 9. — Inner or posterior face of the first maxilla, right side ; male ; enlarged about two diameters : ft, c, setose basis and coxa ; an, endopodite. Fig. 10. — Posterior face of the second maxilla, right side ; male ; enlarged about two diameters: c, coxa; &, basis; en, endopodite; ex, lobe, which may represent the exopodite ; sg, scaphognathite. Fig. 11. — Posterior face of the first maxiUiped, right side; male; enlarged about two diameters : h, c, basis and coxa ; en, endopodite ; ex, exopodite, with its palpus, p) ; e/», epipodite. Fig. 12. — Posterior face of second maxiUiped, right side; male; enlarged about two diameters : Ir, branchia ; cp, carpus ; d, dactylus ; i, ischium ; j^r, propodus ; in, merus ; other letters as in fig. 1 1 . Fig. 13. — Posterior face of the third maxiUiped, right side ; male ; enlarged about two diameters. Letters ns in fig. 12, but the portioti, h, is not separated from i, oven by a groove. •pxQ. 14. — Upper face of eye-stalk, right side; male; enlarged about four diam- eters: a, basal joint, membranous on the posterior face ; h, second joint, firmly calci- fied and terminating in the cornea, c. Fig. 15. — Outer face of right antennule; male; enlarged about four diameters: a, b, c, joints, the distal bearing the filaments, /, g ; h, opening to the auditory sac in the basal joint. Fig. 16. — Lower surface of the right antenna; male; enlarged about four diam- eters : a, h, c, joints, and d, many jointed filament terminating the appendage ; o, plate closing the opening of the duct of the green gland. Plate XXTII. Fig. 17. — Lateral view of the right side of the chitinous lining of the stomach ; enlarged about two diameters : ac, accessory cardiac ossicle ; ap, ossicle forming a rim to the postero- cardiac ossicle ; he, lateral cardiac ossicle ; d, three-pronged ossi- cle, surrounding with its fellow the opening of the bile ducts; /, funnel-shaped cuticular termination of the pylorus ; g, cardiac region ; h, opening for the bile ducts ; il, infero-lateral cardiac ossicle, with its upper end, h, and its lower end imited to the rim of a cavity, a, corresponding to the projection on the interior; ip, ip', ip", infero-pyloric ossicles ; k, imperfectly calcified piece connecting the accessory and supero-lateral ossicles ; Ip, lateral pyloric ossicle ; m, n, thickened areas set with setai; ms, longitudinal mesopyloric ossicle ; o, lateral pouch or capsule ; ce, oesophagus ; p, prepyloric ossicle ; pi, postero-lateral cariliac ossicle ; po, pyloric ossicle ; py, pylorus ; E. A. Aiidreics — Anatomy of the Spider Crab. 121 r, ridge forming the lower edge of the supero-lateral ossicle ; s, imperfect ossicle on the side of the anterior pyloric pouch ; si, supero-lateral ossicle ; ta, transverse meso- pyloric ossicle ; ujj, up\ up", uropyloric ossicles ; x, projecting spatulate process ; 2, small plate forming part of the rim at the lower edge of the pylorus. Fig. 18. — Dorsal view of the cuticular lining of the stomach; enlarged about two diameters : c, cardiac ossicle ; I, lateral tooth of the urocardiac ossicle ; pt, pterocar- diac ossicle ; t, teeth of the supero-lateral cardiac ossicle; other letters as in fig. 17. Pig. 19. — Right side of the alimentary canal; about natural size: «, one of the two anterior muscles of the oesophagus ; ag, antero-gastric muscle ; an, anus ; h, one of the two posterior muscles of the oesophagus ; c, cardiac region ; h, opening of the left hepatic duct ; i, anterior part of the intestine ; i', posterior part hned with a chitinous cuticle ; lb, labrum ; I, I', lateral muscles of the oesophagus ; m, m', m", lateral extrinsic muscles; n, n', n", n'", lateral intrinsic muscles; 0, 0', lateral intrinsic muscles of the pylorus ; p, pylorus ; 5, muscular ring surrounding the valvular opening between the two portions of the intestine ; u, left anterior csecal appendage ; w', posterior unpaired csecal appendage. Fig. 20. — Somewhat diagrammatic view of the nervous system of a male ; about natural size. The right side has been cut away to a lower level than the left and the nerves to the mouth parts, three of which are cut on the right, are farther apart than in nature : a, anterior extrinsic muscles of the oesophagus ; an, nervous cords passing into the abdomen ; c, commissure ; eg, cephalic ganglion ; dn, cephalic nerve supplying the dermis ; e, orbit ; era, endostomal plate ; g, swollen portion of commissure; gg, green gland; i, intestine; fc, nervous cord connecting the commis- sures ; V, superior lateral extrinsic muscle of the cesophagus ; m, altachmemt of the large lateral cardiac muscle ; mo, motor nerves of the eye-stalk ; n, united pneumo- gastric nerves arising from g ; ce,, oesophagus ; r", sternal artery ; r'", inferior abdominal artery ; re, recurrent cutaneous nerves ; vd, terminal portion of the vas deferens; I-ll, branches of the sternal artery supplying the appendages of the cephalothorax, with I'-ll', their upper branches, supplying the muscles of the apodemal cells ; i-xiv, nerves supplying the fourteen pairs of appendages of the cephalothorax. TRANS. CONN, ACAD., Vol. VI, E. L. UbFokest— Unstmmktricai, Law of Erbor in the Position of a Point in Spacb. V. Ox AX UXSYMMETRICAL LaW OF ErEOR IX THE POSITION OP A PoiXT IX Space. By E. L. De Forest, Watertown, Coxx. ^HE law for space of one dimension has been treated of in my articles " On an Unsymmetrical Probability Curve," which appeared in The Analyst (Des Moines, Iowa), vols, ix, p. ]35, and x, p. 67. The curve was obtained as a limiting form of the series of coefficients in the expansion of a polynomial to a high power, special means being employed to secure close approximation. Its equation is -TT- 1 /i I "^^j^'^—i —ax ^ 11 ( ^ ' When «=Gc , this curve becomes identical with the common or sym- metrical probability curve, xr 1 -a;'-f-26 ,^, ^=v("2^*r ■ <'> I had previously shown in the same journal, vols, vi, p. 140, viii, p. 3, and ix, p. 33, that the symmetrical law of error in the position of a point in space of one, two or three dimensions can be obtained as a first approximation to tlie limiting form of the system of coeffi- cients in the expansion of a polynomial of one, two or three variables. In like manner the unsymmetrical law in space can be found by extension of the method so as to secure a closer approximation to the true form of the system of coefficients. We will first consider space of two dimensions only. The known formula for symmetrical differences, where u is a function of an abscissa a //cc, is «„ = ?/+- J, +— J + _?^ ^^oH '^ ~^Z/4+etc. (3) "1 1 1.2 ^ 1.2.3 ^ 1.2.3.4 ^ ' Starting from the middle term u^^ in the series '^—2' ^—1? ^^0' *'l' ^2 5 the common interval Jx between consecutive terms being the unit of abscissas, this formula gives any required term z<„, where a may be either a positive or a negative number. The differences A^, z/g, etc., of the function u are formed from terms similarly situated on either Trans. Conn. Aoad., Yol. YI. 17 March, 1884. 124 E. L. De Forest, — Un symmetrical Lun^ of Error side of ^l^^. {Analyst, ix, 135.) If now u is a function of both an abscissa aAx and an ordinate hAy, so that the terms form a double series or rectangular table, thus, «_i '-2.-1' "-!■ "no? "^"10' 1^ (4) the formula for any desired term ?/„.,, is a , a2 . «.(a3_i2) -^,.0 + aft a^b . a(a^-]^)b 1 0-1 ].l *"■ 1.2.1 --1 1.2.3.1 a2j2 Txr2 52 , «^~ , 1.2 '••-1.1.2 4- -J3.1 + + ^^— Jo:a+ \^., /^ -^8-2+ • • • (5) 1.2.3.1.2 The coefficients of the differences in the upper row are the same as those in (3), and those in the left hand column likewise, only substi- tuting b for a, Avhile the coefficient for any other difference is the product of the corresponding ones in the upper row and the left hand column. For example, the coefficient of Z/3 3 is the product of those of Jg.Q and ^o-2- '^^^^ reason is, that the values of « in (4) are sup- posed to represent ordinates to an algebraic surface, and conse- quently any one row or column will i-epresent equidistant ordinates to an algebraic curve. Denoting any term in the middle column by U(i 4, its value by (3) is b . b -J„ o+etc. (6) and the value of any term ii^j, in the same row with i.-i(,4-.5>f,e-(,-(?>?X.[ = -=^^ I ij ^_|(-i(';,-4-^Jc?;3- (v,^5J^,^^ I =nf^^- j If we also write A =nli^{dxy, B =nf3.-,{dyY, 1 Aj =:/«,(5^((fe)3, A^=nr;^dx{dy)^, y (15) \-]^=jtch.{ dy) ■•' , B 3 = ;^ // ^ (^a;) ^ dy, j (14) may Ite put in the form It will be noticed that in the expressions for A and B, ^^{dx)^ and ^^{dy)~ represent the squared q. m. errors or deviations of the coeffi- cients or masses L from the free X and Y axes respectively; or according to the nomenclature which I adopted in Analyst, x, p. 99, they are the x^ and y~ moments of the system of coefficients L about those axes. The moments for the nih power are n times as great as for the first power, so that the constants A and B represent the x- and y- moments of the system of coefficients I in the nth. power; and when n becomes an infinity of the second order, they are the a-- and y2 moments of the ordinates z to the limiting surface, and are con- stant and finite areas. Likewise the constants Aj and A^ are the x'^ and xy'^ moments, and B, and B^ are the y^ and x'^y moments, of the ordinates z. The constants in (15) might therefore be expressed thus. (10) 12S E. L. De Forest — Un symmetrical Laxo of Error dxdy fj ^'^zdxdy^ B dxdy ffy^zdxdy. (1') The diiferential equations (14) or (16) cannot, I believe, be inte- grated in their complete form. But if we neglect the inequalities ?/j and 7/2,. (14) reduces to d^z-\{d^^fi^)d^^_ -X ^ z nfi^dx^ 'y d.-h{d^^l3^)d-'^_ -y \ (18) z rili.^dy j These equations are of the same form as the one near top of p. 138 in my article on the Ij nsymmetrical Probability Curve. That equa. tion was dy—{{b^-h-b^)d'^y —x y If we write it becomes kh^dx •lb kb.^ (dx) '^ = b, kb^ (dx) ^ = — , S^KI)-(l)-=o, (19) (20) (21) a linear differential equation whose exact integral is of a highly transcendental form. (See Price's Calcidics, vol. ii, p. 652). But as shown in my article, an appi'oximate integration can be effected, with a comparatively simple result. In applying the method to (18), we transfer the origin to another point by putting X f^ and y-—^-— (22) in place of it; and y respectively, and write new constants «.='w' "-=W$' ^=.^J, y„ ^<^^<^y=h (26) which is equivalent to C^{dxdy) r^ ,a;^&.-i -a,x^, . Ti -27 / V^^^) e diax) or to When the value of C obtained from this is substituted in (25), we get This is the approximate equation of the limiting surface. It will be most convenient if we restore the origin to the point where it was at first, the center of gravity of all the masses s, or in other words, the arithmetical mean of all the points of error, each taken with a weight proportional to the probability of its occurrence. Comparing (22) and (23), it appears that the origin was removed from this point by substituting ./■— ttjjj and y—^^'2p2 in place of a; and y, so that to restore it, we substitute .'• + «i^j and y + «2^2 ('^'^) for .1' and y in (29). Employing also the known formula yT;0 = (-^yVf-Ul+— + -^ - etc.), (31) \e/ r \/i/\ 12h 288^/2 ^' V 1 with Kj and Kg as auxiliary letters 1 1 K.,=:H irr-\ -. — -„^-T-o — etc., 12a,'Z»^ 288(a,'6,)' 1 1 , s K„= 1 H 5-r + T-iT\i — etc., (32) 12rt/6, 288(a„'^'„)' ' ^ ^ we find that (29) reduces to 130 /i". Z. De lorest — Unsymmetrical Laio of Error cl.i'dy 2;rK^K,^(*,62) and putting zzziLd^dy^ we have ('^-^6;)"'"-'('^7ir-'^-"'^-"*'.(-*) Z=i This final equation of the surface sought is the product of two functions like Y in (1), one in a; and the other in y. The intersection of the surface by any vertical plane parallel to either the X or the Y axis will be a curve whose ordinates have the form (1) multiplied by a constant. Differentiating (84) we get dT. „(a^h-\ \ dZ /a:b-\ \ , , Tliese become zero for ■"=-«,' "^-h <'"* at which point Z is a maximum. They are also zei'o when Z=0, and this, as we know from the properties of the curve (1), will occur when cc=: — rtj6, or when !/= — «2^2' or when a;=:±co,the + or — sign being taken according as «, is + or — ; or when yr=±x> according as «o is + or — . The intersection of the surface by any horizontal plane is a closed curve of contour surrounding the vertex-point (-'56). Denoting by Z' the height of this plane above the XY plane, and writing e=27rZ'K,K.^(6j/^2), (37) the equation of the curve of contour, or of its projection on the XY plane, is Neither the x nor the y can in general be explicitly expressed, one as a function of the other. But if «, or «2 i^ infinite, the surface becomes symmetrical in the .'■ or y direction respectively, and the form of the curve of contour is simplified. For instance, with '^2=: x> , we have the identity {Analyst, ix, p. 165) ; and (38) may be reduced to y^=2bA -T-! log ( 1 + — i- )-«,.'•—, *- V. (40) og e * \ a J) J ' log e i ^ ' in the Position of a Point in Space. \^>\ If we have both a^ = oo and aj^oo, (34) becomes the ordinary symmetrical probability surface, and the curves of contour reduce to ellipses i':+i!.=_l^i-^. (41) To show the modifications of form which these curves undergo from the introduction of the unsymmetrical elements represented by the constants a^ and a^, let ns first consider the ellipses (41) as circles, with Ji=&2=-*- l*«t,ting x^ -{-y^znr^, the squared radius of such a cii'cle is loge Giving to Z' the values .01, .02, .03 in succession, remembering that K^ = l and K3=:l, (37) gives for c the values .25133, ,50266, .75399, and the corresponding radii r are by (42) 3.324, 2.346, 1.503, with which the three concentric circles in Fig. 1 are described. If we now suppose that there is a c. ra. inequality in the x direc- tion, so that aj has a finite value, for instance «i = ], while b-^ and h^ remain as before, then by (40) the equation of.any curve of contour is 5.262 log ( 1 +-j — 8,<- — 18.421 log c. (43) Giving to Z' the values .01, .02, .03, .04 in succession, with K, = 1.0211, K2 = l, the values of c are by (37) .25663, .51326, .76991, 1.0265, which being substituted in (43), give us four equations by which the four curves of contour can be constructed as in Fig. 2. They sur- round the point a5= — 1, .V=0, for which Z is a maximum according to (36). The surface cannot extend beyond the dotted line drawn at the distance x=i—a^h^z:z—4: from the Y axis, so that all the curves of contour lie wholly to the right of this line. Again, suppose that while b^, b^ and a^ remain as before, ci^ has also the finite value a.^^l due to a c. m. inequality in the y direction. Then by (38) the equation of any curve of contour is y 132 E. L. De Forest — Unsymmetrical Law of Error 3log(l +j) + 3log(l +-\ — .43429(;r + ;y)— logc=:0. (44) Assigning to Z' the values .01, .02, .03, .04, .05 in succession, with Kj=K2=:1.0211, the values of c are by (37) .26205, .52410, .78615, 1.0482, 1.3102, and substituting these in (44), we have the equations of five curves of contour surrounding the point x=z — \, y=: — 1, at which the vertex of the surface is located. The curves can be constructed by approxi- mation, and appear as in Fig. 3. The surface cannot extend beyond the dotted lines .x——a^b^ = — i, y^—a^b^ — — ^, and is tangent to the XY plane along them. The curves lie wholly within the angle formed by these lines. In the foregoing examples we have supposed b^z=b„ and a^^za^. But if these were not equal, or if a^ or 0^2 were negative, it is evident that considerable variety would be occasioned in the form and position of the curves of contour. Moi-eover, the value «,=:±1 or ^2=^1 i^ rather an extreme assumption, and implies a degree of c. m. inequality beyond anything that would be likely to occur in practical applica- tions. The peculiarities in the form of the curves are thus exagger- ated, merely to make them more readily visible. To find the unsymmetrical law of error in the position of a point in space of three dimensions, the function which expresses the limiting- form of the series of coefiicients in a polynomial of three variables is to be obtained in a manner strictly analogous to the foregoing. Indeed, the processes for one or two dimensions are special cases of that for three dimensions, and might be demonstrated as such. The coefiicients L, regarded as the masses of material points, are supposed to be arranged equidistantly in the directions of three rectangular axes, the common intervals between them being /Ix, Jy, Az, and the polynomial and its expansion to the nX\\ power may be written Then, as shown in Analyst, ix, p. 36, the relation between the whole (2m + 1)3 coeflScients L in the first power, and any similar block of an equal number of coefficients / in the expansion, will bo in the Position of a Point in Space. 133 == — Wi a^ — Ml • - - . (46) (I-. -4, — ^ ^(Ha), (i+2'), (*+e)) — V, 1 («L_, .— i, -c ^(;+«, , (y+i). (i+'^V — i V, (^L_, I — '', — ■ '(i+«) (i+i), a+c)) w + 1 V, (cL_ , — «, -c ^(;+«) C7+i'), a-+»)) _ -A; n + \ V. The middle coefficient of this block is l;,j,k-, and its coordinates are r=^ //..■, y=iz^2/, 2=^-//2. (47) When the n is made an infinity of the second order, and the coeffi- cients in the expansion are set close together so as to be consecutive, the expansion extends throughout infinite space, the intervals J;>', Jy, Az become ^3 ^^^ ^'^^ sums of the products of each L into the squares of its first, second and third sub-indices respectively. Let y ^, Y21 7 3 ^^ ^'1*^' sums of the products of each L into the product of its first and second, first and third, and second and third sub-indices respectively. Let (J,, (J,, 6^ be the sums of the products of each L into the cubes of its first, second and third sub-indices respectively. Let tf^, 7/2, //g, 7/4, >^^, ij^ be the sums of the products of each L into the product of the second sub-index into the square of the first, the product of the third into the square of the first, that of the first into the square of the second, that of the third into the square of the second, that of the first into the square of the third, and that of the second into the square of the third, respectively. Let be the sum of the products of each L into the continued product of its three sub-indices. We can now bring (46) into the following form. w—a^djo—a/IyW—cK^djc + \fi^d^'w -f \fi^d^w -f \fi^d'^o^ 1 + }\dxdyto + y„d/l,w + y/l„d^w=y. — a^w -\- fi^d.w + y/7„u' + y/Lw — ^S^d/w—^7/^d,j'w—h/^d,'iP — // d^djr — ?)d,d.w — 6d„d.w = V. — c)/„ic -t- y^dxio -f ft„d„v} -h y./l-ji' — hf^d^^io—^d./lJ'w—hj/Vtr \- (51) — iijIjIm — QdjdM — iidY, B =np,{dyy, C =nf3,{dz)\ Aj= w^j(c?,(')3^ A.^z=.ni]^d.i'{dyY, A^z=.ni]^d.v{dzY, B^=7ij]^{d.>'Ydy, Ba= n6.^{dy)'^, B^= mf^dy{dz)^', C ^=nr/2 {d.r) 2 dz, C 0= n?/^ {dy) ^ dz, L\ = n6^{dz)^, E ^ ndd.rdydz, (52) may be put in the form , A /d'w\ , , /d'iv\ , . /d'w\ ^/d'w\ ,Jdhc\ ] H7i?)+^''{w)^^''\'d^)^^\d^^^^ r^( d''w\_ ./dw\ \dydz/ \d,v/ ^ / dSo \ ^/dw\ ,^ / d„'w \ ^/dw\ W53) "t (54) 136 E. L. De Poretit — Unsym metrical Law of Error Tlie constants A, B, C represent the squared q. m. errors or devia- tions of the coefficients or masses I in the >ith power, from the X, Y and Z axes respectively. In other words, they are the x^, y^ and z^ moments of the system of coefficients I. When n becomes an infinity of the second order, they are the moments of the system of vahies of the limiting function ?<', and are constant and finite areas. Likewise the constants Aj, Bj, etc., are the .»'^, x~y, etc. moments of the sys- tem of coefficients I in the nth power, all such moments being n times greater in the wth power than in the first power, as shown in my article already cited {Analyst^ x, p. 97). When 7i becomes an infinity of the second order, A, A^, Bj, etc., become the moments of the system of values of the limiting function ?/;, and might be expressed thus : ^ =^^%^-^^""^''^^^' dxdydz fJ'J'wj' 3 dxdydz, (55) ^^=^^^^.•^^•^'^''"2/^^%^^, and so on. The difterential equations (52) or (54) cannot be further simplified without impairing their generality. But as they apparently cannot be integrated in their complete form, we will neglect the seven ?/ and 6 inequalities, and thus reduce (52) to d^w— ^{6^-^/3 ^)dj'w —.I- w nfJ^d.r' dyW-^{S^-^ft^d;w _ -y w n^^dy' dgic—\{d^ A. } ■fi^d,h(^ _ —z w n§jdz These equations are of the same form as (IH). origin to another point by putting (56) We transfer the Infi^dx y- infi^dy 6. ' in place of x, y, z, and assume the new constants 2/3XdxY 2fiXdzy _2j^{dyy "•- s^idxy '^- S.Xdyy' b^ = nfiXd.>-)\ fK=nP^{dyy, The equations may thus be approximately reduced to »~ d.xdzy b,= n/i^idzy (58) in the. Position of a Point in Space. 137 - - = - (a/^, - 1 ) -ad.r, -^~- = -" (cCb., -I) -a.. dy %c z^ ^ ^ J aud integration gives ^ tti^bi — l a^^i — l a^^ba — l —atX—a^y—aaZ ,^^. 'W=:(Jx y z e . (60) The value of ?o becomes zero for a;=0 or y=0 or 2=0, or for x=aD or 2/^oc or 2^00 . Hence, to determine C, we have -— ,^-- / / / wd,rdydz=zl, (61) m-aydzt/^ J ^ J^ and as in the«case of (26), this is shown to be equivalent to cr(a,-6,)7-(aA)r(a;63) ^^ ttl'-^fel a2^&2 «3^&3 777' a J a^ a.^ dxdyaz When C as thus obtained is substituted in (60), we get a.axiAxdydz , .ai'^61 — 1, ^a^-b.—i .as'^s— 1 •"=r(«>:)f(OT<*:) '"■•'■' ^"''^ *"•'* . —a^x—a^y—a^iZ e . (63) Now let the origin be restored to the point where it was at first, the center of gravitj' of all the masses w, that is to say, the arithmet- ical mean of all the possible points of error, each taken with a weight proportional to the probability of its occurrence. It appeal's from (57) and (58) that the origin was removed from this point by sub- stituting X — a^b^, y — «2*25 2 — «3*3> in place of x, y, z, so that we bring it back by substituting x + a^b^, y + a2^2^ 2 + «3*35 M for X, y, z in (63). Employing also the value (31) for /"(w), and writing as in (32) and putting iv=Wdxdydz, we find that (63) reduces to w-— ^ (i+^r ■" (,+JL\' "-(2;r)}K,K,K.V(«,*A)V "A/ \ <'A' O^i) tts^ — l —aiX—aiy—aaZ (66) I 3S E. L. De Forent — Unnipmnetrical Lav) of T^'ror, eto. This final form is the product of three functions like V in (1), «nie in X, one in y, and one in z. Differentiation gives ffe Va^&. + z 7 j These become zero when we take <— — ^ — ^ — ' ~~ a,' " ~ «2' <^3' and at this point W is a maximum. They are also zero when W = 0, and this occurs when x:=—a^b^, or when y=^—cioJ>2-> ^^' when z=— ttgig, and also when either £c, y or z are equal to itoo , the + or — sign being taken according as a^, «g or a^ are respectively + or — . If we suppose parallel planes to be drawn at the distances — a^h^, — agig? ~~^s^ 3 5 from the YZ, XZ and XY planes respectively, the values of W will all be included within only one of tb'e eight solid angles formed by the planes so drawn. In other words, the law of probability repre- sented by (66) is such that any error which occurs must fall at some point within this portion of infinite space. But in the special cas^s when either »^, cio or a^ is infinite, the limit of possible error is extended to infinity in the a*, y or z direction respectively, and the function W becomes symmetrical in that direction, depending on x'^, y^ or z^^ as (39) shows. If a^, a^i a^ are all infinite, the errors may fall in any portion of infinite space, and (66) is reduced to the entirely symmetrical form w= where we have put ".'=2^' "'=w: K=A-- ('0) Compare Analyst, vol. ix, p. 68. The expression (69) was there obtained as the limiting form of the system of coefficients in the expansion of a polynomial of three variables, when only first ditter- ences were taken into account. The same result would have been obtained here, if we had neglected the second differences of )r in (50). VI. — Second Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of the New England Coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of Deep-Sea Species, with Notes on others previously recorded. By A. E. Verrill. [Published by permission of tlie U. S. Fish Commission.] The following paper was originally intended to form merely a brief supplement to the Catalogue published by nie, in 1882, in Vol. V. of these tx-ansactions, to include such con-ections and additions as had been noticed up to date. But the discovery of a very large number of interesting additional species, many of them new, during the deep- sea dredging cruises of the Fish Commission Steamer, Albatross, in 1883, made it desirable to extend the paper so as to include many of the more important of these discoveries. This has caused delay in the printing of the paper and much increased its length, and, as I hope, its value. Many of the additions made in 1883 are from much deeper water than we had pi-eviously explored (1,000 to 2,900 fath- oms), and consequently from a greater distance at sea; so that these cannot properly be regarded as pertaining particularly to the " New England fauna." They belong rather to the general deep-sea fauna of the western Atlantic. Others are from the deep waters of the con- tinental slope, beneath the Gulf Stream, in 100 to 600 fathoms. As these deep-sea forms are likely to extend all along our coast, at simi- lar depths, and even to foreign waters, I have not thought it desir- able to exclude from this paper any deep water species because of its having been taken even as far south as off Cape Hatteras, which was nearly the southern limit of the dredgings of the Albatross in 1883. But I have excluded the strictly southern shallow water forms, dredged at moderate depths off the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia, though many of them are new additions to the fauna of our coast. There are, doubtless, to be added to our list many species of small and difficult shells, belonging to certain groups that have not yet been fully examined, or of which we have taken only imperfect examples. These will chiefly belong to the Bidlidm, Turhonilla, Odostomia, Cryptodon ^ and Yoldia. I am greatly indebted to the skill of Mr. J. H. Emerton for the unusually accurate illustrations, and to the U. g. Fish Commission for the privilege of using them in this place. Trans. Conn. Acad.. Vol. VI. 18 April Vl, 1884. 140 A. K Verrlll — Mollusca of the iVev England Coast. The original assorting and preservation of the deep-sea specimens taken by the Albatross was laigely done by Mr. Sanderson Smith, who went on all the cruises of the Albatross, except a few of the earliest. He was assisted by several other members of the party, and especially by Ensign W. E. Saffbrd, U. S. N. My work has also been particularly facilitated by the care and skill with which the final assorting, cataloguing, and labeling of the large collections have been done V)y my assistant, Miss K, J. l>ush, who has, also, made many identifications of the described species, and given aid in other ways. When the various lots were first examined and assorted, at Wood's Holl, last summer, during the dredging season, many of the new species, especially the largest and most striking, were recognized as forms not before observed on our coast, both by Mr. Sanderson Smith, who had special charge of the shells, and myself. For such species, in this article, " Verrill and Smith " are usually given as authorities, but the writer is alone responsible for the descriptions of all the species, as in his previous papers on the same subject. Some of the previously known species, first discovered on our coast last summer, were first identified by Mr. Smith, and others by Miss Bush, but the writer has independently examined and confirmed all such species, given in this paper. CEPHALOPODA. LeptOteuthis Verrill, gen. nov. Body elongated and slender, pointed behind, with a well developed terminal fin. Head relatively large, much elongated. Eyes not ex- sert, with simple thin lids. Mantle free dorsally, with a special dor- sal and two lateral connective cartilages ; the lateral ones simple, tubercle-like, corresponding to a roundish cartilage-pit on each side of the siphon. Arms slender, the ventral ones much the largest and longest. Suckers depressed, in two rows. Tentacular arms rather long, slender, with a somewhat ex))anded terminal club, bearing sim- ple suckers, and with a row of small sessile suckers and rounded warts along the whole length of the inner surface of the slender portion. Gills and viscera anteriorly situated. Stomach short, with a saccular appendage. This genus has, hitherto, not been distinguished from Leachia and Loligopsis. Fi'om the typical forms of these groups it ditters greatly in anatomical characters, as well as in external appearance. From A. E. Verrill — Molhisca of the New England Coast. 141 Taonius and Des)noteuthis it dilFers still more widely, and evidently has no near relationship with them. It shows more affinity with Cheiroteuthis, in the connective cartilages and many other respects, and like that genus has large ventral arms, with a special row of color spots on them ; but there is nothing of the peculiar structure of the ten- tacular suckers seen in the latter. Its nearest allies appear to be Galli- teuthis V. and Brachiotexithis V., from both of which it is clearly dis- tinct generically. It may, therefore, be referred to the family Cheiro- teuthidm, along with the two last-named genera. Leptoteuthis diaphana Veniii, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 1. A small, elongated, very slender, translucent species, with the head very large and long, as compared to the body, its length being more than half that of the body and tail taken together, and more than three-fourths that of the body to the caudal fin. Sessile arms slender, the ventral arms much larger and longer than the others, about equal in length to the head and body to the base of the tail. Tentacular arms long and slender. Caudal fin ovate, acutely pointed posteriorly. Head elongated, cylindrical, smooth, and nearly transparent, ex- cept in the region of the eyes. The eyes are of moderate size, not very prominent, with a broad, thin lower eyelid, but without any dis- tinct lachrymal sinus. Body, in front of the fin, slender anteriorly, about equal to the head in diameter, somewhat tapering backward to the base of the caudal fin, and then abruptly narrowing to a very slender caudal portion, running along the under surface of the fin like a raid-rib and terminating in a very slender, acute tip. Anterior edge of the mantle thin, very evenly truncated ventrally and laterally, but extending on the dorsal side into a broad, angular, obtusely pointed lobe. Caudal fin relatively large, elongated, ovate, decidedly broad- est in the middle, narrowing distinctly anteriorly, with the anterior lobes small, rounded, and projecting only slightly forward beyond the inseition ; posteiiorly the fin narrows rapidly to a long, slender, acuminate tip. Siphon well developed, with the terminal portion elongated and free for some distance, strongly recurved in our speci- men. Connective cartilages on the lateral base of the siphon small, elliptical, somewhat ear-shaped, with a continuous, raised rim, and with two small interior lobes, one of which is ventral and the other posterior, leaving between them a small, deep sinus, directed down- ward and backward. The corresponding cartilages on the inner sur- face of the mantle are small prominent, somewhat triquetral tubercles, 112 .-1. E. Verrill — MoUmca of the Neio England Coast. with the corners rounded and the ohtuse tip a little prominent and directed posteriorly. The arras increase in size and length from the dorsal to the ventral pairs. The dorsal arms are very slender and short, in length not half as long as the head ; the second and third paii's are similar in form, but increase regularly in size and length, the third pair not being equal to the length of the head ; the ventral arms are, on the contrary, very much larger and longer than the third pair, their length being nearly three times as great ; the tentacular arras are very slender and considerably exceed the ventral arms in length when extended ; the club is distinctly larger than the rest of the arm, a little tialtentd and expanded in a narrow lanceolate form, and covered by regular, minute suckers, arranged in about four rows along the middle portion. The slender portion of the arms bears a row of small sessile suckers and tubercles along nearly its whole length ; these suckers are usually elliptical in form where the arm is extended, but circular when contracted ; they are rather larger than the suckers of the club, but are only a little elevated, and are so numerous that the intervals between them are often not greater than their own diameter, but when the arms are fully extended these intervals are increased. On the ventral arms the suckers are small, oblique cups, constricted at the aperture and attached by very slender pedicels ; they are arranged rather distantly in two alternating rows, which occupy only a narrow median band on the inner face of the arms ; just exterior to the outer suckers, and alternating with them, there is a row of small, rounded, slightly raised, reddish brown warts, in diameter eqxial to or somewhat exceeding the suckers. On the other arms the suckers are relatively more numerous, and more closely arranged in two regular rows; on these arms they are about the same in size as on the ventral ones, but are flatter, less obliquely attached, and have the aperture less constricted and not so one-sided. On the inner surface of these arms there are two rows of brown spots, alternating with the suckers. Color of the body and head, in alcohol, pale, translucent bluish white, spotted along the middle of the dorsal surface with rather large chromatophores, which are not very numerous, and with fewer scattered ones on the sides and ventral surface. Caudal fin yellowish white, opaque (owing to the eifect of the alcohol), with a median band of chromatophores along the dorsal surface and with very few beneath. On the dorsal side of 1?he head, between the eyes, tlie chro- matophores are more numerous than elsewhere ; a row of similar chromatophores extends along the outer surface of each arm. 'I'en- A. E. Verrill — MoUusca of the Neto England Coast. 143 tacular arras and three upper pairs of sessile arms yellowish white and opaque. Ventral arras bluish white and translucent, like the head and body. Length fiom tip of tail to base of dorsal arms, 74"^'" ; to anterior edge of mantle, 60""" ; to center of eyes, 64™°' ; diameter of head across eyes, 8™" ; back of eyes, 7""' ; diameter of body, 5-7""" ; length of caudal fin, 23"'™; its breadth hi the middle, 13™"'; breadth across anterior lobes, 0"'"' ; length of dorsal arms, ll™""; of second pair, 14™'"; of third pair, 18™™; of ventral arms, 42™™; of tentacular arms, 60"'™ ; diameter of dorsal arms at base, about 1™'" ; of third pair, 2™'" ; of ventral arms, 3™™ ; diameter of larger suckers, about .omin The gills and viscera are situated far forward. The gills are short, broad, blunt, with many crowded lamellae. The stomach has a short, thick, tapering, saccular appendage. The liver is relatively large, short, rounded. Rectum slender, with two well-developed, spatulate anal papilht;. Bianchial auricles well-developed, oblong. The pen is very thin and delicate. Station 2037, in 1731 fathoms, N. latitude 38° 53', W. longitude 69° 23' 30". No. 38,242. Steamer Albatross, 1883. The only described species which resembles this is Loligopsis ver- micolaris Riip., but the latter, if the figures can be relied upon, differs in its proportions. It has a still longer and more slender head, while its caudal fin is much larger and has a distinctly cordate outline, broadest across the anterior lobes, which are much larger and broadly rounded. It is, however, evidently congeneric with our species, and should be called Leptotenthis vermicolaris. Our specimen has the reproductive organs but little developed, and is, therefoi'e, probably immature. Abralia megalops Verriii. Araer. Joiirn. Sci., vol. xxiv, p. 364, 1882; Bulletin Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. xi, p. 105, pi. 3, fig-. 4, 1 883 (description of young). Plate XXVIII, figure 2. The following description is from the type-specimen, in alcohol. Small, eyes large; caudal fin, about two-thirds as long as the mantle, and much broader than long, transversely elliptical ; 2d and 3d pairs of arms equal; dorsal a little shorter; ventrals shortest. Sessile arms with two rows of hooks, which are replaced by small suckers on the distal third ; tentacular clubs with two alternating- rows of hooks, and with marginal suckers distally, on each side? 144 .J. E. Verrill — Molhisca of the New England Coast. alteiTiating with the median hooks, and with proximal and terminal groups of smaller suckers. Color pale, with numerous small dark brown chromatophoi'es above, larger and more crowded on the head and on the bases of the arms ; lower side with several larger, round, symmetrically placed, puiplish brown spots, and wnth minute ones between them. Length of mantle, 1.5"""; diameter of body, 7""" ; length of tin, 11"""; breadth across fins, 18"""; breadth of head, 7'""'; diameter of eye, 4-5'""^; length of dorsal arms, 13"^"; length of second pair, j4mnj. of third pair, 14"""; of tentacular arms, 25"^"^ ; of ventral arms, 10""". Probably this specimen is immature. The specimen described from the Blake collection is still younger, but the general figure referred to is from the original specimen, described above. Off Martha's Vineyard, station 1137, in 173 fathoms, Fish Hawk, 1882. Off Barbados, station 294, in 137 fathoms, Blake Exped., 1878-9. Eledonella Verrill, geu. nov. General appearance similar to that of certain small species of Octo- pus and Eledone. Body oblong-ovate, soft and saccular, wnthout fins. Mantle extending forward as far as the eyes. Gill-opening very wide, extending upward on the sides as far as the dorsal margin of the eyes, which may be partially concealed by the edge of the mantle. Arms slender, the upper ones shortest, the third pair largest. Suckers in a single row. Third arm of the right side hectocolylized by having the terminal half thickened and somewhat shortened, and bearing on its distal half a few very large urceolate suckers, very much larger than any of the others, and quite different in form. Interbrachial membrane short. Eyes well developed, nearly covered by the skin ; a mucus-pore close to the anterior ventral border of the orbit. Siphon moderately developed, free only near the tip ; pos- teriorly the basal part of the siphon extends into two commissual muscular bands on each side ; the ventral one runs far back, while the lateral curves upward to join the mantle. There is a large median ventral commissure joining the mantle to the visceral mass; thus the gill-chamber is divided into right and loft com])artments, each of which is sub-divided into a superior and inferior portion. No special cartilages could be seen on tlie mantle, nor on the siphon. Repro- ductive organs large, highly colored with large orange chromato- phores. A. E. Verrill — ^folJusca of the Npao England Coast. 145 The principal character in which this genus difibrs from Eledone is tlie peculiar mode of hectocotylization of the third arm in the male. Eledone agrees essentially with Octopus in this respect. Eledonella pygmaea A^erriu, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 2. Body smooth, oblong-ovate, somewhat depressed, bluntly rounded at the posterior end, narrowed a little anteriorly, back of the eyes. Head rather small, equal in width to the anterior part of the body. Mantle-edge thin, extending far forward, its lateral edge reaching as far as the pupil of the eye, and united to the dorsal integument of the head on a level with the upper surface of the eye. Eyes of mod- erate size, convex, but not very prominent. Arms rather short, except the third pair, wliich is much larger than the others ; the dor- sal pair is considerably smaller and shorter than the others ; the second pair is a little longer and united to the first by a small inter- brachial membrane, occupying about its basal third ; the third arm on the left side, is about twice as long as the dorsal ones and much stouter, tapering to a slender, acute tip, and united to the second by the short iuterbrachial membrane, but with only a rudimentary mem- brane between it and the ventral arm ; the ventral arms are much smaller and shorter, about equal in length to the second pair, and have no iuterbrachial web between them. The hectocotylized arm (fig. 2) is somewhat stouter than its mate, but decidedly shorter, though longer than any of the other arms ; beyond its middle it bears four large urn-shaped suckers, quite different in size and form from those on the basal half; the first of these special suckers is decidedly the largest, the others decrease in size to the terminal one, Avhich is quite small. These specialized suckers have a bi'oad, swollen, and nearly round basal portion, in breadth exceeding the width of the arm, while toward the summit there is a distinct constriction, and the cup itself expands somewhat, but is decidedly narrower than the basal portion of the sucker ; the border of the aperture is somewhat con- tracted and four-lobed. The basal suckers on this arm and all of those on the other arms are arranged in a single row. They are of moderate size, rather elevated, Avith the basal portion sessile and a little expanded. The number on each arm is from ten to twelve, besides a few minute ones at the tip; on the basal half of the hecto- cotylized arm there are four simple ones. Color, a pale bluish white, spotted with rather large purple-brown chromatophores, which are equally numerous above and below, and arranged somewhat in rows on the outer surfaces of the arms. 146 .4. E. Verrill — Molbisca of the Neic E)i(/hntd Coaxt. Lengtli of the body and head, to base of arm, 27'"'" ; length of body to edge of maulle above, 20'""^ ; breadth across body, 14""" ; breadth of head across eyes, ir"""; diameter of eye-ball, 4-5"^™; length of dorsal arms, 7""" ; length of second pair of arms, 9"^"^ ; length of third pair, 14'^'"'; length of ventral arms, 7-5'^'"^; length of hecto- cotylized arm, 11""" ; height of largest specialized suckers, 3""" ; diameter, 3'""'. Station 2099, N. latitude 37° 12' 20", W. longitude 69° 39', in 2949 fathoms, (No. 35,268*). Steamer Albatross, 1883. G-ASTROPODA. Pleurotomella Verriii. Amer. Jour. Science, v, p. 15. 1882; Catal. Marine Molliisca, these Trans., v, p. 453, 1882. This genus was originally proposed for P. Packardii, first taken in deep water in the Gulf of Maine. This species is remarkable for the delicacy and beauty of its sculpture and the great depth of its subsutui'al sinus. The subsequent discovery of numerous other related species inhabiting the deep waters, off our coast and in other regions, has rendered it necessary to enlarge the limits of the genus and to modify its characters. As at present understood, this genus is intended to include those species which have a rather broad and very distinct subsutural band, crossed by excurved lines of growth corresponding to the form of the posterior sinus of the lip, which is situated a little below the suture and is always pretty well-developed, but is sometimes broad and shallow, and at other times narrower and very deep. The outer lip is always thin and sharp, without any apjsearance of a varix, nor is there any deposit of callus on the body-whorl, in front of the aper- ture. The canal is well developed, generally constricted at the base and somewhat elongated, and usually but slightly curved. In a few of the species, doubtfully referred to tlie genus, it is short and wide. The coluniella-margin is more or loss sinuous. The nucleus differs in sculpture, and usually in color, from the rest of tlie whorls, and is generally minutely cancellated by line raised lines running obliquely in opposite directions. The remaining whorls ax'e elegantly sculp- tured by longitudinal ribs and revolving cinguli, and usually have a distinct shoulder or carina, which is frequently nodulous, below the * The numbers given in this paper are those used in tlie permanent catalogue of the mollusca, in the National Museum. A. E. Verrlll — JJollusea of the Nevi Enghind (Joasf. 147 subsutural band. The animal is destitute of an operculum, and, in all the species hitherto examined, is without eyes. The dentition consists of rather strong uncini, usually with a barbed tip and broad base. This genus, therefore, resembles very closely the shallow-water genus, Defraxcia, to which many of the described species have been hitherto referred ; but in Defrancia the outer lip is thickened, or has a distinct varix, and there is usually a deposit of callus on the body- whorl, especially jjosteriorly, opposite the sinus, while the animal, in the typical species at least, has well developed eyes. Pleurotomella Bairdii Venill and Smitli, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figure 1. Shell large, rather stout, fusiform, with an elevated, acute, turreted spire and eight or nine obtusely shouldered, angular whorls. The last whorl is large and somewhat inflated, with a broad, flattened or slightly concave, sloping subsutural band, which is covered with dis- tinct, strongly receding lines of growth and with more or less evident, raised, spiral cinguli and grooves. Below the subsutural band the whorls are obtusely aiigulated, but without a distinct carina. Com- mencing at the shoulder and extending a short distance below it are numerous oblique, not very elevated, longitudinal ribs, which fade out before reaching the middle of the whorls. The whole surface of the whorls, including the ribs, is covei'ed with conspicuous, raised, spiral cinguli, between which there are two or three smaller ones, sepa- rated by deep concave grooves of about the same breadth ; the w^hole surface is covered by distinct, raised lines of growth. The aperture is oblong-ovate, rather large ; the columella is nearly straight, some- what prolonged, its inner edge forming a slight sigmoid curve; the canal is short, broad, narrowed at the tip and not recurved ; the outer lip is sharp and thin ; the posterior sinus is broad and rather deep, with regularly rounded margins, corresponding to the lines on the sub-sutural band; below the shoulder the lip projects considerably forward and then is somewhat flattened and recedes gradually to the base of the short and broad canal. The nxiclear whorls are very small and generally eroded so far as to appear smooth. The shell is white or grayish white, without any distinct epidermis ; aperture clear white. The animal is destitute of operculum and eyes. In the number of specimens examined there is considerable varia- tion in the ratio of length and breadth, depending largely on the Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VT. 19 April 12. 1884. us A. K Verrill — Molhiaca of the JVetr Engla,nd Coast. sex ; among the several specimens of which tlie sex was determined the females have the body-whorl slightly more swollen than the males. Length of one of the largest female specimens, 55'"'" ; breadth, 26'"'" ; length of body-whoi'l to tip of canal, 40'"'" ; breadth of body- whorl, 22"""; length of spire, 2G'"'" ; length of aperture, 27'""' ; its breadth, 12"'". It was taken at the following stations by the Albatross in 1883 : Nat. Mu8. No. Station. N. lat. W. long. Fatboms. 37,824 2,037 38° 53' 00" 69° 23' 30" 1721 12 specimens, mostly livinR. 37,806 2,038 38 30 30 69 08 25 2033 1 specimen, dead. 37,814 2,041 39 22 50 68 25 1608 2 specimens, living. 35,253 2,097 37 56 20 70 57 30 1917 1 specimen, dead. 35,275 2,098 37 40 30 70 37 30 2221 1 specimen, dead. This species is closely allied to P. Agassizli. It is a larger and stouter shell, with the whorls more angulated at the shoulder, and has a broader and more angular aperture. The sculpture differs con- siderably in details, and the columella is destitute of the pink or pale orange tint usuall)' present in P. Agassizii. PleurotOmella Benedict! Verrill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 2, 2«. Shell fusiform, moderately stout, with a high, regularly tapered spire, and very convex, shouldered whorls, which have strong, oblique, transverse ribs rendered nodulous by well developed, raised cinguli. Whorls six, below the chestnut-colored nucleus. The suture is deep, not very oblique. The subsutural band is rather broad, concave, nearly smooth, contrasting strongly with the rest of the whorls ; its sculpture consists only of the deeply concave lines of growth, parallel with the notch in the lip. Below the subsutural band the whorls are abrtiptly swollen, forming a rounded shoulder. The transverse ribs, commencing at the shoulder, are prominently raised, rather oblique, and extend entirely across the whorls of the spire, becoming smaller next the suture ; on the last whorl they extend to the base of the canal ; they ai"e obtuse at summit and separated by wider, deeply concave interspaces ; on the last whorls there are about sixteen ribs. Both the ribs and interspaces are crossed by well marked, somewhat unequal, raised, revolving lines, separated by narrow grooves; these, in passing over the ribs, produce small, somewhat conical, unequal nodules, which give a somewhat rough appearance to the surface of A. E. Verrill — Mollvsca of the New England Coast. 149 the shell. One of the spiral lines just above the suture and one or two of those at the shoulder are stronger than the rest. Between the ribs the revolving lines are roughened by fine Hues of growth. The four nuclear whorls (fig. 2a) are evenly rounded and in strong contrast with those that follow them. The first one is very minute, forming a very acute apex ; the surface is finely cancellated by two sets of lines running obliquely in opposite directions. The aperture is elongated and rather broad in the middle ; the outer lip has a deep and broad posterior sinus, below which it projects strongly forward and is regulaily arched to the base of the canal ; the canal is narrow, nearly straight, slightly prolonged ; the columella is straight and tapered, with its inner edge forming a slightly sinuous curve ; the inner lip is smooth and polished, with a thin coat of enamel which extends somewhat forward in a regular curve on the body-whorl. The color is white with a pale grayish tinge, with the exception of the nuclear whorls, which are deep chestnut-brown. Length, 17'""' ; greatest breadth, 8""" ; height of spire, 95™™ ; length of aperture, 8"'™; breadth, 3-5™"\ Station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", W. longitude 67° 05' 15", 1290 fathoms. Albatross, 1883. (No. 38,087). This fine species has been dedicated to Mr. James E. Benedict, of the U. S. Fish Commission, Naturalist, in charge of the Zoological department on the Albatross. Pleurotomella Sanderson! Verriii, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 3, 3a. Shell small, delicate, fusiform, with an elevated and very acute spire and a slightly elongated, straight canal. Whorls angulated and turreted, sculptureil with ribs and revolving lines, which form rows of small, sharp nodules at their intersection around the per- ipliery, and especially at tlie shoulder. Whorls about four, below the nucleus, which is unusually elongated and composed of four pale chestnut-colored whorls, which are finely and regularly cancellated. The apical whorl is very minute and prominent, giving the spire a very acute tip. The nuclear whorls increase rapidly and regu- larly in size, and are regularly rounded. The sculpture j)asses somewhat gradually into that of the next lower whorl, which is distinctly ribbed and carinated, with a single row of sharp tuber- cles around the middle. The lower whorls of the spire have the shoulder at about the middle, and below it two or three raised cin- 15(» A. E. VerriU — MoUusca of the Nerr England Coast. guli, which foiin as many rows of small acute nodules in crossing the ribs; these are similar to those on tlie carina of the shoulder, hut usually a little smaller. There is commonly another row of smaller tubercles of the same kind just above the shoulder. On the last whorl there are from fifteen to eighteen cinguli, which are unequal in size and decrease in prominence from the carina to the base of the canal; most of these form small, sharp nodules in crossing the ribs. The ribs are a little prominent, rather oblique, sharp at summit, and separated by concave interspaces of somewhat greater width ; on the upper whorls they run from just above the shoulder forward to the suture ; on the body-whorl they curve strongly forward in the middle and then recede and disappear before reaching the base of the canal. The subsutural band is very wide, strongly sloping, and somewhat concave just above the shoulder; it is covered with numer- ous, rather conspicuous, thin, raised riblets, which are strongly ex- curved in the middle and bend forward before reaching the suture. Two or sometimes three cinguli exist on the subsutural band ; the uppermost of these is just below the suture and forms there a small carina, above which the suture is distinctly channeled. The surface between the ribs is everywhere covered by fine, distinct, flexuous lines of growth. The aperture is long-ovate, rather narrow, angu- lated externally ; the outer lip is thin and sharp, with a broad, rounded posterior sinus, just above the shoulder and a little removed from the suture ; below the shoulder the lip arches forward in a broad curve, and becomes incurved at the base of the canal, which is rather con. tracted and a little bent to the right and slightly everted at tip. Columella short and nearly straight, its inner edge forming a strong sigmoid curvature. Epidermis indistinct. Color white, with the exception of the light yellowish brown nucleus. Length of one of the larger specimens, G-S™™ ; breadth, 8-5™'" ; length of body-whorl and canal, 4™"' ; length of aperture, :{""" ; its breadth, 1 -25'"'". Station 2038, N. latitude 38° 30' 30*, W. longitude 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms, living, (No. 34,841) ; Station 2043, K latitude 39° 49', W. longitude 68° 28' 30", in 1467 fathoms, (No. 34,851); and station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", VV. longitude <61° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms, living, (Xo. 38,3 3 5). Albatross, 1883. The best speci- mens occiirrod at the last named station, in 1290 fathoms. This species bears considerable resemblance to several others of the same group, but difiers very decidedly from all the rest in the character of the nucleus, which is remarkable for its relatively large A . JE. Verrlll — Mollusca of the N'ew England Coast. 1 5 1 size and the number of whorls of which it is composed, and for the sharpness of the tip, due to the prominence and minuteness of the apical whorl. The shell is more slender than most of the related forms and has a rougher appearance, owing to the sharp nodules along the spiral lines. In the latter character it most resembles P. Bene- dicti, but the latter is a much larger and stouter shell, with a coarser sculpture. P. Sajfordi is a very much shorter and thicker shell, with much stronger sculpture and a very different nucleus. This elegant species is dedicated to Mr. Sanderson Smith, for many years a meml)er of the Fish Commission parties, and associated with the writer in the raalacological work. Pleurotomella Saffordi Verrill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 4, 4a. Shell small, thin, delicate, rather short, with very convex and strongly ribbed whorls, a wide, concave subsutural band, and a nar- row elongated canal. Whorls five or more, below the nucleus, which consists of three small, chestnut-brown whorls, enlarging gradually, and having the surface covered with minute reticulated sculpture ; its apex is slightly obtuse, owing to the first whorl being rounded and depressed, and but little smaller than the second. The whorls below the nucleus enlarge rapidly, the body-whorl being much larger than the others. The subsutural band is relatively wide, distinctly concave, and covered with fine, close, strongly receding, curved lines corresponding to the form of the posterior sinus of the lip ; and not crossed by spiral scul])ture. Below this band the whorls are suddenly swollen so as to produce a prominent rounded shoulder; the convex part of the whorl is crossed by twelve to fourteen prominent, rather acute, siinious ribs, which are most prominent on the shoulder, where they bend obliquely forward. The concave interspaces are wider than the ribs. The whole surface below the subsutural band is covered by numerous fine, raised, spiral lines or cingiili of unequal size, and not closely crowded ; these in crossing the ribs form minute, obtuse nodules. The ribs disappear at the base of the canal, but the spiral lines continue to its tip. The aperture is broad-ovate, some- what angulated at the shoulder of the whorl and at the base of the columella. The posterior sinus is broad and moderately deep. The canal is rather elongated, narrow, and somewhat sinuous. The colu- mella is nearly straight for a part of its length, and then its edge becomes strongly, spirally curved where it borders the canal. Shell 152 A. E. Verrill — Molhtscu of the Nein Enyland Coast. white and translucent, with the exception of tlie nucleus. Epidermis not apparent. Operculum wanting. Length of one of the largest examples, 10'"'" ; greatest breadth, 5mm . length of body-whorl to tip of canal, 7""" ; length of aperture, 5""" ; its breadth, 2-5"^'". Stations 2041,2042, 2043, 2076, 2084, and 2115, in 906 to 1608 fathoms. Albatross, 1883. The greatest number of living specimens occurred at station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", W. longitude 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms, (Xo. 38,308). This is a small and very elegant species, remarkable for the con- vexity of its whorls, and its very broad subsutural band. Tiie canal is narrower and more constricted at its base than is usual in this genus. The sculpture is strongly marked, but does not give the rough appearance seen in P. Benedicti^ which is also a longer and more fusiform shell, but has considerable resemblance in its sculpture. P. Diomedem is also a more elongated shell, with less convex Avhorls, and its subsutural band is narrower and crossed by conspicuous prolongations of the ribs. It bears some resemblance to P. /onnosa {Defi'cnicia fornwsa Jeif.), but tliat has less prominent ribs, less con- spicuously shouldered whorls, and a diiferently shaped aperture. This species is named in honor of W. E. SafFord, Ensign IJ. S. X., who was a member of the Fish Commission party, in 1883. PleurotOlXiella Diomedese Verrill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 5, 5a. Shell white, delicate, rather small, fusiform, with an acute spire and distinctly angulated whorls, crossed by prominent flexuous ribs, which extend upward to the sutui^e, and with rather coarse revolving lines, usually absent on the wide subsutural band, which is concave at a little distance from the suture. The posterior sinus is rather broad and deep, a little removed from the suture. Whorls four or five below the nuclear wdiorls, of which there are four. Tlie body-whorl is large and moderately convex, strongly angulated at the shoulder, which is prominent and bears a scries of small rounded nodules at the angle of the ribs ; above the shoulder the whorls are decidedly con- cave in line with the posterior sinus, but have a narrow, convex band just below the suture. The subsutural band is crossed by thin but strongly raised continuations of the ribs, which recede in a strong curvature in crossing the concave portion, but advance abruptly and rise into small prominent, narrow or compressed tubercles in crossing the convex portion, close to the snture ; at the shoulder the ribs be A. E. VerrW—Mollusca of the Nev!) England Coast. 153 come stouter and more prominent, each bearing a small rounded or angular nodule ; below the shoulder the ribs are moderately stout, usually rouiided or obtuse at summit, but sometimes, especially on the upper whorls, angular or subacute. They are slightly oblique or tiexuous and cross the entire breadth of the upper whorls, but fade out about the middle of the last whorl. There are about twenty of these ribs on the last whorl. Strongly marked cinguli cover the whorls below the shoulder, these become coarser and more raised on the anterior part of the last whorl and on the canal, where they are separated by wider concave interspaces, and rough- ened by the distinct lines of growth crossing them ; on the middle of the convexity of the whorl they are less conspicuous and but slightly raised, and not very close together; they are more conspicuous in the intervals between the ribs, the summit of the ribs being but slightly roughened by their crossing, except close to the shoulder, where they often form minute nodules ; they are usually wanting on the subsu- tural band, but are sometimes faintly marked on that portion. Dis- tinct lines of growth, parallel with the lip, cover the surface of the shell and are most distinct on the subsutural band, between the ribs. The aperture is narrow-ovate, angulated posteriorly. The outer lip is thin, projecting forward in the middle in a strong, regular curve, but greatly receding toward the shoulder. The sinus is rather deep and wide, situated just above the angle of the shoulder and separated from the suture by the convex portion of the subsutural band. The colu- mella is sinuous ; the canal is a little prolonged, rathei- narrow, and straight. The four nuclear whorls are yellowish or pale horn-color, and form a very acute apex when perfect. The first is very minute and some- what upturned and prominent ; the second is also minute ; the third and fourth increase rapidly ; the first three, in our most perfect speci- mens, are smooth and somewhat glossy; the fourth is crossed by numerous, thin, delicate, raised longitudinal lines, which are a little oblique and recurved in the middle, but not crossed by another set, as seen in many other species. Color translucent white, some- times faintly tinged with gray or pink, surface glossy. No epidermis. Operculum wanting. One of the largest specimens is n™"^ loug ; breadth, 4-5™'" ; length of body-whorl and canal, 7-5™" ; of aperture, G'"'" ; its breadth, 2"^"'., Other examples are more slender, with a narrower aperture. Stations 2037, 2038, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2084, and 2096, in 1290 to 2033 fathoms. It occurred in the greatest numbers, living, at station 164 A. K VerrW—Molhisca of the New EmfhunJ Coast. 2038, N. latitude 38° 30' 30", W. longitude 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms (No. 34,827); at station 2041, X. latitude 39° 22' 50", W. longitude 68° 25', in 1608 fathoms, (No. 34,828) ; and station 2096, N. latitude 39° 22' 20", W. longitude 70" 52' 20", in 1451 fathoms, (No. 37,790.) Albatross, 1883. Named in commemoration of the steamer Albatross, {Diomedea). Pleurotomella Emertoni Verrill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figuhe 6. Shell moderately large, stout, ovate, with the body-whorl very large in proportion to the rest of the shell, and with some of the upper whorls ribbed and nodulous, while the two lower whorls have only spiral lines and lines of growth. Whorls about eight, three of which form a chestnut-colored nucleus; about three whorls below the nucleus are covered with prominent, longitudinal ribs, which form a well marked shoulder and are crossed by several conspicuous, revolving cinguli and grooves, which render them decidedly nodulous. The subsutural band is broad, strongly concave, occupying nearly or quite half the breadth of the upper whorls, and crossed by strongly reced- ing, raised lines, parallel with the lines of grow^th of the sinus, but without spiral lines. Body-whorl large and swollen, covered through- out with very evident lines of growth, which are crossed, except on the subsutui'al band, by conspicuous, revolving cinguli, which are separated by spaces considerably exceeding their own breadth. Aper- ture oblong-ovate, scarcely narrowed at the broad, short, open canal, and with a very wide and rather deep posterior sinus. The outer lip is thin and projects well forward beyond the sinus in a broadly rounded curve. The columella is straight, with a sinuous inner mar- gin ; the inner lip is marked by a narrow and thin enamel, which extends but little forward in a sinuous outline. The color is yellow- ish white under a thin, smooth, glossy, yellowish green epidermis. Length, 22™""; greatest breadth, 11"""; length of aperture, 14"""; its breadth, 5™"". Station 2097, N. latitude 37° 56' 20", W. longitude 70° 57' 30", in 1917 fathoms (No. 35,232). Albatross, 1883. This species very closely resembles the following, in size and form. It differs in having a wider canal, which is less differentiated from the aperture, and in having the upper whorls strongly ribbed and nodu- lous. They may possibly prove to be varieties of one species. A. E. Verrlll — Moll used of the N'ec Enghijid Const. 155 Pleurotomella Bruneri Venill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 7, la. ' Shell stout-fusiform, with a rather short, regularly tapered spire, a broad and deep posterior sinus, and a very short and wide canal. Whorls seven, moderately convex, with a wide, concave subsntural hand, which is covered with regular, strongly receding, raised lines, but destitute of spiral sculpture. The slioulder is rather prominent where the concave band joins the convexity ot the whorl ; the rest of the surface is covered with conspicuous, ]-aised, obtuse, unequal revolving cinguli, separated by deep interspaces of nearly the same breadth, on the spire; on the anterior part of the body-whorl the cinguli become broader and Hatter, and separated by narrower grooves, which are covered by numerous rather close, raised, longi- tudinal lines, or lines of growth, which are less conspicuous where they cross the cinguli; this arrangement produces a finely cancellated structure, in which the spiral lines are much more distinct than the others. Aperture narrow-ovate, continuing backward in a broad and deep sinus next the body-whorl. The outer lip is thin and sharp, and projects obliquely forward in a broad curve. The canal is scarcely diiferentiated from the rest of the aperture ; it is short and rather broad, and nearly straight. The columella is straight, with a sinuous inner margin. The inner lip extends forward on the body-whorl in a broad, regular curve, defined by a thin layer of enamel. Oper- culum apparently wanting. The nuclear whorls are eroded, but are small, regularly spiral, and without any strongly marked sculpture. Color grayish white, with a pale yellowish green epidermis, Avhich is easily deciduous. Length 22'"'"; greatest breadth, 11""^' ; length of aperture, 14""" ; its breadth, S-^"". Station 2038, in 2033 fathoms (No. 34,846), and station 2041, N, latitude 39° 22' 50", W. longitude 68° 25', in 1608 fathoms (No.34,834). Albatross, 1883. This species is dedicated to Mr. H. L. Bruner, who has been a member of the U. S. Fish Commission parties, during the past three years. Pleurotomella Catharinse Yen-ill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 9, 9«. Shell thin, translucent, white, very slender, elongated, narrow, fusiform, with a long, narrow, tapered, nearly straight canal, and a tali, gradually tapered, acute spire. Whorls eight, evenly rounded. Trans. Conx. Acau., Vol. VI. 20 April 12, 1884. 156 ^-1. E. VerriJl — Molhisca of the New England Coast. but not very convex, with a distinct, flattened, smooth siib8utuial band. Suture well marked, but not deep, decidedly oblique. Sur- face everywhere covered with conspicuous, regular, raised, revolving cinguli, in some j^arts with one or more smaller revolving lines in the spaces between them. The cinguli are obtusely rounded and entirely smooth, as well as the spaces between them, which are of about the same breadth ; on the penultimate wliorl there are about fifteen cin- guli, and on the upper whorls five or six. The large, acute, brown nucleus consists of about four and a half whorls, which increase rfgularly ; the apical whorl is small, rounded and prominent ; the others are distinctly carinated and shouldered ; the portion above the shoulder slopes at a wide angle and is a little convex and nearly smooth, excej)t close to the carina ; the part below the carina of the shoulder is flattened and nearly straight, or even narrowed toward the suture, and crossed by regularly spaced, thin, elevated transverse ribs, with wider intervals; these ribs extend a little above the carina and then fade out; they run nearly straight across all the whorls, except the first two, where they are more or less oblique; there is usually, on the larger whorls, a raised revolving line, or small carina, just above the suture. The aperture is very elongated and narrowed at the base of the canal, which is much prolonged and slender, a little curved, owing to a slight sinuous curvature of the columella-margin. The posterior notch in the outer lip is rather deep and narrow, situated immediately at the suture. The subsutural band, corresponding to it, shows faint cm'ved lines of growth, parallel with its margin. Color white, except the nucleus, which is pale chestnut-brown. Length of one of the largest specimens, 23'"'"; breadth, e-o"^'" ; height of spire, 11"^'"; length of aperture and canal, ll'o"""; breadth of aperture, 3'^>'". Living specimens at station 2038, N. latitude 38° 30' 30", W. long- itude 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms (No. 34,845); station 2041, N. latitude 39° 22' 50", W. longitude 68° 25', in 1608 fathoms (Xo. 37,871); station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", W. longitude 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms (Xo. 37,846) ; and at 2115, N. latitude 35° 49' 30", W. longitude 74° 34' 45", in 843 fathoms (No. 35,597). Alba- tross, 1883. This elegant species is dedicated to Miss Katharine J. Bush, who has, for several years, acted as assistant in the working up of the large collections of mollusca, dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission, A. E. Verrill — 3Iollusca of the JVew England Coast. 167 and to whom the writer is indebted for important assistance in the preparation of this paper. It is not very probable that this species properly belongs to Pleic- rotomella. I have placed it here, for the present, only provisionally. G-ymnobela Verrill, gen. nov. Shell in form and general appearance like BeJa. Spire generally rather short. Body-whorl swollen. Nucleus with fine cancellated sculpture. Subsutural band not strongly marked. Posterior notch of lip shallow and usually not very distinct. Operculum absent. Gymnobela engonia VerriU, sp. nov. ■ Shell somewhat solid, white, more or less translucent, stout-fusi- form, with the aperture about equal in length to the spire, which is shouldered, decidedly turreted, and tapered regularly to an acute apex. Whorls five below the nucleus, strongly angularly shouldered at about the middle, the portion above the shoulder forming a wide, abruptly sloping subsutural band, which is usually slightly concave in the middle, but swells a little where it joins the suture ; the whorls are flattened below the shoulder and a little narrowed at the suture, which is strongly impressed. The sculpture on the subsutural band consists of numerous, close, revolving lines, most distinct towards the shoulder, and of small, slightly raised, thin riblets, which are most distinct close to the suture and strongly excurved in the middle of tiie band, but bend forward strongly to the angle of the shoulder, where most of them disappear or blend with the ribs and lines of growth a little farther forward. Below the shoulder the surface is covered by many, rather thin, closely arranged, revolving cinguli, which on the whorls of the spire are separated by interspaces about twice their ow n width, but become much closer on the middle of the last whorl, gradually becoming coarser and more widely separated as they approach the canal, those on the anterior part being also thicker and more obtuse. Numerous rather small and slightly ele- vated ribs commence at the shoulder and curve obliquely forward across the convex part of the whorls, extending to the suture on the upper whorls, but mostly fading out at the middle of the last whorl ; these ribs are obtusely rounded and wave-like, the interspaces being shallow, concave, in breadth about equal to the ribs ; on the last whorl there are from twenty-five to thirty. On the spire-whorls the 1>8 A. E. Verr'dl — MolhiHca of the New Eiujlaiid Coast. intersections of tlie cinguli and ribs, which are of about the same size, pioduce a pretty regularly cancellated structure, but on the last whorl the cinguli are more numerous and less prominent than the ribs. The nucleus is chestnut-brown and consists of about two and a half regularly increasing whorls, the apical one being very small and regularly coiled ; this surface appears to have been minutely cancellated by microscopic lines. Aperture irregularly oblong or oblong-ovate, strongly angulated by the shoulder, and decidedly widest at the base of the columella. Canal short, somewhat con- stricted, nearly straight; outer lip thin, projecting forward below the shoulder, with a broad, rounded, rather shallow sinus at the middle of the subsutural band and a little removed from the suture. Oper- culum not present in the alcoholic specimens. Length of one of the largest specimens, 17"""; breadth, 10™"'; length of aperture, 10"""; its breadth, 3-5™'"; length of body-whorl to tip of canal, 12""". Another more slender specimen is 15*5""" long ; 8""" broad ; length of aperture, 9"'"^ ; its breadth, 3"'"\ Station 2041, N. latitude 39° 22' 50", W. longitude 68° 25', in 1608 fathoms (No. 34,835); and station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", AV. longitude 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms (No. 37,818). Gymnobela curta Verriii, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figure 10. Shell small, short, fusiform, or subovate, with a low spire and very large body-whorl, forming about tliree-fourths the total length. The surface is finely decussated by longitudinal and spiral lines of nearly equal size. Whorls four below the nucleus, very rapidly increasing, strongly convex, but frequently slightly flattened at the periphery, and sometimes distinctly angulated at the shoulder, but more com- monly evenly rounded; last whorl very ventricose. Suture strongl}' impressed, often slightly channelled. The nucleus consists of two or three small, light chestnut-brown whorls, with very finely cancellated sculpture. The apical whorl is very small and regularly coiled. Sculpture on the rest of the shell consists of numerous, rather fine, thin, regular revolving cinguli, which are separated by interspaces about twice their own breadth on the lower whorls, but more crowded on the upper ones. Two or three of the cinguli on the shoulder are usually coarser and a little farther apart than the rest, and tlie largest of these often forms a slight carina around the most proniiiieut })art of the shoulder. On the subsutural band the cinguli are less distinct ■iiid less regular, and often })artially obsolete. Anteriorly they cover A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the New Erxjland Const. 159 all the surface to the tip of the canal. The cinguli are everywhere crossed by very numerous and regular, thin, raised lines or riblets, which ai-e usually of nearly the same size as the cinguli, but frequently are somewhat less conspicuous and a little farther apart. The riblets are nearly straiglit on the peripliery of the vvhorls, but are somewhat angularly bent at the shoulder, and run obliquely forward across the subsutural band to the suture ; on the subsutural band they are dis- tinctly elevated, but rather thinner than elsewhere. By the crossing of these two sets of lines the surface is generally finely and regularly cancellated, except on the shoulder and subsutural band, Avbere the cancellation becomes more or less irregular or indistinct. Aperture rather large, broad-ovate, a little angulated at the shoulder, and with a very slight constriction at the base of the very short and rather narrow canal. The posterior sinus is nearly obsolete, and indicated only by a shallow indentation just above the shoulder. Columella short, straight, its inner margin with a rather strong sigmoid curv- ature. The canal is nearly straight, very slightly recurved at the tip, narrowed by a slight constriction of the outer lip, at its base. Epidermis thin, not very distinct. Color of the fresh alcoholic speci- mens pale giayish or greenish white, more or less translucent. Length of a medium sized specimen, 10""" ; breadth, 6™"' ; length of body-whorl and canal, 8""" ; aperture, 6™"' ; its breadth, 2:o"'"', One of the largest specimens is 16™™ in length ; breadth, 9-5""" • length of body-whorl and canal, 12™'"; aperture, 9"'™; its breadth. Station 204:3, in 1467 fathoms (No. 34,854); station 2076, in 906 fathoms (No. ;57,812) ; station 2077, in 1255 fathoms (No. 37,798) • station 2084, in 1290 fathoms (No. 37,795) ; and station 2097, in 1917 fathoms (No. 35,227, one dead specimen) ; station 2115, in 843 fathoms (No. 37,794), It occurred in the largest numbers at station 2084, N. latitude 40° 16' 50", W. longitude 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms, (twenty specimens, living and dead) ; and at station 2076, N. latitude 41° 13', W. longitude 66° 00' 50". Gymnobela curta, var. subangulata Verriii, nov. Similar in form and size to the preceding, with which it is often associated. It differs in having the whorls more distinctly angulated at the shoulder, with one of the cingidi forming a distinct carina, which is sitrmounted by a row of small, often acute nodules, produced by the intersection of the longittidinal riblets. There is often another somewhat smaller spiral line below the carina, which also freqtiently 160 A. K Verrill — Molhisca of the N'eir EnghDid Cotist. bears minute nodules. The rest of tlie surface is cancellated nearly as in the typical form, but the riblets are frequently more conspicuous than the cinguli. Forms intermediate between the variety and the type are of frequent occurrence. This variety occurred, with the typical form, at stations 2043 and 2084, (No. 37,81V and 37, 796). It was also taken at station 2038, in 2033 fathoms (No. 37,797, one dead); and at station 2096, in 1451 fathoms (No. 37,793, one living). This species may readily be mistaken for Bela hehes^ especially when somewhat broken and eroded. The nucleus, however, is en- tirely diiferent and the aperture is narrower anteriorly and shows a more distinct constriction at the base of the siphon, which is narrower and less open than in the latter. The sculpture is also more distinctly and more regularly cancellated. Bela subvitrea Verriii, sp. nov. Shell translucent, white, thin but firm, fusiform, moderately stout, with a high, regularly tapered, acute spire, consisting of about six rounded whorls, which are crossed by rather thin, prominent ribs, strongly bent in a sigmoid curve, and having on the lower whorls rather faint spiral sculpture. Whorls four to five below the nucleus, strongly convex and a little swollen at the rounded shoulder, which is rarely somewhat angulated, and wnthout a definite subsutural band. Suture strongly impressed, the upper part of the whorl rising rather abruptly from it. The nucleus consists of about two small, prominent whorls ; the first is small, rounded, slightly mamilliform, and a little prominent ; the next, con- stituting the greater part of the nucleus, increases rapidly and is de. cidedly prominent and somewhat obliquely placed, and bears about four or five raised, revolving lines, which are sometimes crossed by distinct lines of growth. The suture between tlie last nuclear whorl and the next is strongly marked and more oblique than any of the others. The remaining whorls are crossed by rather conspicuous, sharp, and rather elevated ribs, which are strongly excurved at and just above the shoulder, curving forward rapidly to the suture, and bending forward more gradually below the shoulder, forming a dis- tinct sigmoid curve. The interspaces between the ribs are much wider than the ribs themselves, distinctly Qoncave, ami crossed by rather feeble cinguli, which arc usually not apparent ou the ribs themselves. On the upper whorls the spiral lines are usually more conspicuous than on the lower ones, but are often indicated chietiy A. E. Vei'rUl — Molh(s<;a of the Nexc England Goast. 161 by rather close, shallow furrows. On the last whorl the ribs extend to the base of the canal before they fade out, and the spiral sculpture becomes coarser and a little more evident on its anterior part and on the canal. The surface is also a little roughened by faint lines of growth, parallel with the ribs. Aperture oblong-ovate, rather nar- row ; outer lip sharp, thin, projecting forward in the middle in a broadly rounded curve, and slightly receding just above the shoulder, so as to form a broad and shallow sinus a little removed from the suture. Canal nearly straight, a little prolonged, distinctly constricted at its base by the incurvature of the outer lip. Columella straight, tapering anteriorly, its inner edge forming a well-marked sigmoid curve. Epidermis indistinct. Color translucent bluish white. The surface is not glossy, but the texture is more vitreous and delicate than in the more northern and shallow-water species of BeJa. Off Cape Hatteras, station 2115, N. latitude 35° 49' 30", W. longi. tude 74° 34' 45", in 843 fathoms (No. 35,601, twenty-five living and dead). Steamer Albatross, 1883. Length of one of the larger specimens, 13*5™"; breadth, 6"""; length of body-whorl and canal, 9™™ ; length of aperture, 7""" ; its breadth, 2 •5'""'. Among the specimens collected there is some varia- tion in portions ; some individuals having the body-whorl relatively large, with the aperture broader and more ovate than in the specimen measured. This species, in form and genex'al appearance, bears some resem- blance to B. pleurotoniaria^ but it is a thinner and more delicate shell, with a translucency not seen in the latter. The whorls are also more convex, the last more ventricose. The ribs are thinner, less numerous, and more strongly recurved below the suture ; the spiral sculpture is not so strongly marked, and the nucleus is lai-ger, with much finer spiral sculpture. The aperture and canal are similar in the two species, but somewhat narrower in B. pleurotomaria. Bela SUbturgida Verrill, sp. nov. Shell of moderate size, white, translucent, stout-fusiform, with swol- len, angulated whorls, and a distinctly turreted, rapidly tapering spire, the sculpture consisting of rather distant ribs and much finer spiral cinguli. The largest specimen, w^hich is probably immature, has four whorls below the nucleus. The three upper whorls are abruptly angularly shouldered, the portion forming the subsuLural band rising nearly at right angles to the shoulder, below which the whorls are flattened 1()J .1. ]^. ^Wn'U — Molhisco, of the Neir Knlications, nearly equal in height ; the most anterior of these is formed by the twisted inner edge of the columella, forming the inner border of the canal ; the most posterior is less oblique and often a little smaller than the others. The callus extends along the lower lip, outside of the plications, to the anterior border of the canal, sometimes, when best developed, forming by its outer margin a slight groove. Shell yellowish flesh-color, varied with whitish ; sutural lines, callus deposits, plications, and inner margin of the outer li[), white; external surface of the thickened outer lip usually with three orange-yellow spots, the largest of which forms a narrow, elongated patch along the anterior and outer border of the canal, extending somewhat backward along the lip ; the next is usually a broader, oblong patch, just below the shoulder ; the third is a small, rounded spot close to the suture. Frequently the anterior 166 A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the New England Coast. spot is divided into two by a patch or band of whitish at the base of the canal ; sometimes the middle spot is also divided into two, and in other cases the posterior spot is as large as the middle one. There is usually a faint, whitish revolving band at the shoulder and another at the base of the canal. Interior salmon-colored. Length, 14""" ; breadth, 7-5""" ; length of body-whorl, 12">'° ; length of aperture, 10'"'" ; its breadth, about 1""". Several perfect living specimens were taken by the Albatross, in 1883, at stations 2011 and 2012, in 81 and 66-5 fathoms, oif Norfolk, Va. (Nos. 85,307 and 35,375.) Dead specimens were taken off Martha's Vineyard by the Fish Hawk, in 1880 and 1881, in 64-5 to 100 fathoms. The occurrence, so far northward, of a large and well developed species of this almost tropical genus is remarkable. It inhabits, how- ever, only the warm zone along the inner edge of the Gulf Stream, where it is associated with Solarium, Dolium, Avicida, and other southern genera. This handsome species bears some resemblance to J/, carnea and 2L rosckla, from our southern coasts, in size and color, but differs from both those species in having a much higher and more acute spire, with all the whorls distinctly visible, and in the form and ar- rangement of the plications. This species is also related to Mai'ginella limatula Conrad, of which I have examined several specimens from the Miocene of Pagan Creek, Va. The latter differs, however, in being a stouter and broader-shouldered shell, with a much lower spire, in which the su- tures are more concealed by the deposit of callus. The fossil form is, therefore, evidently more closely related to, if not identical with, M. apiclna* and M. rosckla, found in shallow water on our southern and Gulf coasts, than to the present species. The number and posi- tion of the plications on the columella and the crenulations on the outer lip are the same as in 31. horealis. Volutella lachrimula Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 281, 1862 ; Otia Conch., p. 238. Taken in considerable numbers at station 2109, off Cape Hatteras, in 142 fathoms, by the Albatross, 1883. ♦This form seems to me essentially identical with M. rtwiotda/w Kiener, of the West Indies. It seems to me probable that both are identical with the fossil M. limatula. M. roscida is probably only a local variety. A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the New England Coast. 167 Originally described from off Georgia, in 400 fathoms. According to Mr. W. H. Dall, it is found in shallow water on the west coast of Florida (Proc. Nat. Mus,, vol. vi, p. 324, 1883). BUCCinum abysSOrum Vemll and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figures 11, 11a, 11&. Shell thin, white, with a high, acute spire and strongly carinated whorls. Whorls seven to eight, strongly convex, angulated by the sharp revolving carinse, of which there are usually three very prom- inent ones on the whorls of the spire. The upper one of these is situated at a considerable distance from the suture and forms a prom- inent shoulder, above which the surface of the whorl is somewhat concave and covered with several much finer, raised, spiral lines, of which one, usually at about the middle, is a little more prominent than the rest; the second carina is situated below the middle of the whorl and is separated from the upper one by a broad, concave interspace, which is covered by rather fine, distinct, raised spiral lines, separated by very distinct grooves of about the same breadth ; the third carina is usually situated just above the suture, but is sometimes concealed by it; it is separated from the second carina by a concave, spirally lined interspace, a little narrower than that betvveen the first and second carina. On the last whorl there are usually two or more similar, but somewhat less prominent, carinse below the middle of the whorl, and the surface is everywhere covered by regularly spaced spiral lines or cinguli and grooves. Aperture rather small, some- what semicircular ; the outer lip is nearly regularly rounded from the suture to the base of the canal, but is slightly angulated at the cariniB. In some of the larger specimens it somewhat recedes, and is slightly everted just below the suture. The canal is short, somewhat narrowed, nearly straight, or sometimes with the anterior end a little everted. The columella is nearly straight, its inner margin having a slight sigmoid curvature ; the inner lip is covered by a very thin coat of smooth enamel, which extends out only a slight distance be- yond the edge of the lip, with a broadly curved outline. The nuclear whorls are small and regularly spiral, consisting of rather more than two turns, and have the surface smooth and glossy. On the succeed- ing whorl there are about four distinct carinse. The epidermis is inconspicuous or wanting. The operculum is rounded-elliptical, con- siderably smaller than the aperture, with the nucleus situated near the outer edge, in front of the middle. The animal is destitute of eyes; the tentacles are long, slender, and gradually tapered. 168 y|. E. VerriH — Moll i ism of the Neio England Coast. Length of one of the largest specimens, a female, 43'"'" ; its breadth, 24""" ; length of spire, 25"^'" ; length of body-whorl to end of canal, 29mm . length of aperture, 21'°'" ; breadth, 12""° ; length of operculum, 11"""; breadth, 8'""'. This species was taken at station 2051, in 1106 fathoms; 2052, in 1098 fathoms; 2074, in 1309 fathoms; 2076, in 906 fathoms; 2077, in 1255 fathoms; 2094, in 1022 fathoms; 2102, in 1209 fathoms; 2103, in 1091 fathoms ; 2111, in 938 fathoms. It was most abundant at stations 2074, K latitude 41° 43', AV. longitude 65° 21' 50", where twenty-five living and seven de-:;d specimens were taken (No. 38,319); station 2077, N. latitude 41° 09' 40", W. longitude 66° 02', eighteen specimens, nine living (No. 35,008) ; and station 2094, N. latitude 39° 44' 30", W. longitude 71° 04', twelve specimens, seven living, (No. 34,691). This species shows considerable variation of length to breadth, many specimens being more slender than the one mensured above. The carinoe also vary in prominence ; in some specimens they are strongly raised and very conspicuous, and in others they are but little more elevated than the revolving lines that cover the rest of the sur- face. It shows scarcely any resemblance to the several species hitherto known from our coast. In general api)earance it resembles the Buccinopsis striata Jeff., figured in the " Depths of the Sea," p. 464, fig. 76, but not described. Sipho obeSUS Verrill, sp. nov. Shell of moderate size, stout-fusiform, with a rather short, rajjidly tapering and bluntly pointed spire, sculptured by many strong trans- verse ribs and numerous spiral lines. Epidermis with slender hairs along the spiral lines. Whorls four to five, besides the nucleus, increasing rapidly, evenly rounded, but only moderately convex. On the upper whorl, next the nucleus, the spiral cinguli are somewhat prominent and nearly as broad as the concave interspaces; on the second whorl below the juicleus there are seven or eight cinguli, which are crossed by the conspicuous lines of growth and by distinct, but not very prominent ribs ; on the next whoi-1 the ribs are about sixteen in number, and become much more prominent, separated by concave inter- spaces, which about equal the ribs in breadth ; the ribs arc most prominent on the convex part of the whorls, where they are excurved. On the body-whorl the ribs become less conspicuous, but extend be- low the middle of the whorl, fading out towards the base of the canal. A. E. Veirlll—Mollusca of the Nevn England Coast. 169 The cingiili, which are very iiumeruiis on the lower whorls, are mostly thin, fine, and much elevated, but are rendered conspicuous by the close row of fine, sharp, epidermal hairs rising from each spiral line. The lines of growth are very numerous and close, thin, raised lamellae. The suture is not very oblique and a little impressed, and has a wavy 01' crenulated outline, due to the ribs, which extend to the suture, both above and below. The nucleus is rather small, composed of about two whorls. The apical whorl is very small, smooth, and regularly coiled, but only a little exposed ; the second whorl shows traces of spiral lines. The outer lip is sharp, thin, regularly curved, and not very convex. The coluraella-lip is strongly excavated in the middle, and the columella-margin has a strong sigmoid curvature and a spiral twist. The canal is rather broad, moderately long, rather strongly bent to the left, and a little turned up at the end. The aperture is elongated-ovate, with the inner margin a little more convex than the outer. The operculum is long-ovate, rounded posteriorly, but with the anterior end narrowed and a little incurved on the inner mar- gin^ near the anterior end, but somewhat dilated into a rounded lobe in the middle ; the nucleus is situated on the inner margin, close to the anterior end. Epidermis distinct, finely hairy along the spiral lines, dull greenish yellow in color. In alcohol the shell is dull pinkish white, and the young specimens are more or less translucent. Length of one of the larger specimens, 25™"' ; breadth, 14""^ ; length of body-whorl and canal, 19-5'"'"; length of aperture, 15™""; its breadth, 5-5'"'". Station 2115, N. latitude 35" 49' 30", W. longitude V4° 34' 45", in 843 fathoms (No. 35,600). Many specimens, both young and adult, part of them living. Some of the specimens show considerable variation from the type described. In some the spiral cinguli are larger, more prominent, and more unequal in size, three or more smaller ones being usually situated between the more prominent ones on the lower whorls. The suture in some cases is deeper and slightly channelled. This species is more nearly related to S. ccalatus, var. hebes, than to any other described species, but it is a larger, much stouter and coarser species, with the spiral sculpture more conspicuously developed, and with a distinctly hairy epidermis. The canal is longer and much more bent. The nucleus is larger and somewhat different in form. The typical form of S. coelatus is still more slender, and has a deci- dedly higher and more regularly tapered spire, with the suture much more impressed. 170 .1. II. Verrlll—MolhiHni <>fthe New England Coast. Sipho profundiCOla Vemll and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXT, figure 13. Shell thin, stoiit-fusifortu, with very convex, evenly rounded whorls and a moderately elevated, somewhat acute, turreted spire, which occupies nearly one-half the length of the shell. Whorls six or seven, the apex eroded in all of our specimens, apparently with a small regularly spiral nucleus. The whorls increase i-ather rapidly and are separated by a deeply impressed suture. The sculpture on the two lower whorls consists of strongly marked, narrow, promi- nent spiral cinguli, which are somewhat unequal in size, and sepai'ated by wider, concave interspaces, which are crossed by dis- tinctly raised, but delicate and close, lines of growth, due largely to the epidei'mis rising in scale-like forms. These lines of growth are less conspicuous over the sjnral ribs, which they render somewhat uneven. The upper whorls have, in addition to the small spiral cinguli, a pretty distinctly marked carination at the shoulder, and are crossed by slightly elevated, longitudinal ribs or folds, which produce a series of slightly raised nodules where they cross the larger carina at the shoulder. On the penultimate whorl there are from fourteen to sixteen revolving cinguli. Aperture long-ovate, broadly rounded in the middle. The outer lip is thin and evenly rounded from the suture to the base of the canal, where it forms a sinuous curve. The canal is short, narrow, somewhat constricted at the base and nearly straight, except near the end, where it is slightly recurved. Columella not much bent, its inner edge with a slight sigmoid curvature. The operculum is thin, ovate, with the inner margin more convex than the outer, and with the posterior margin evenly rounded and the anterior end slightly curved to the obtuse tip, which shows no spiral structure. The operculum is rather small as compared with the size of the aperture. Epidermis is thin but distinct, not hairy, though rising into scale-like edges along the lines of growth. Its color is pale brownish yellow. The only sj>eciraen Avith the animal is a male (from station 2038), the largest in the collection. The tentacles are long, slender, taper- ing to acute tips. No eyes can be detected in the preserved specimen. The other specimens show some variation in the propor- tion of length to breadth and in the size and closeness of the revolv- ing cinguli, which are sometimes pretty regularly alternately larger and smaller. Length of the largest specimen, male, 40""" ; breadth, 23'"'" ; length A. E. Verrill — Mollnsca of the JVeto England Coast. IVl of body-whorl aud canal, SO'""" ; length of aperture, 25™'" ; its breadth, 12"""; breadth of canal at base, 6"'™; height of spire, 18™'" ; lengtli of operculum, 12""" ; its breadth, 8'""^. This species occurred at stations 2037, N. lat. 38° 53', W. long, 69° 23' 30", in 1731 fathoms, four dead (No. 37,999); station 2038, K lat. 38° 30' 30", W. long. 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fath., one living specimen (No. 38,411); station 2097, N. lat. 37° 56' 20", W, long. 70° 57' 30", in 1917 fath., four dead (No. 35,250); and station 2106, N. lat. 37° 41' 20", W. long, 73° 03' 20", in 1497 fath., one dead (No. 35,465). Sipho profundicola, var. dispar, nov. Shell of medium size, stout-fusiform, with very convex, rounded whorls, the upper ones with both transverse ribs and spiral lines; the lower ones with spiral lines only. Whorls about six, besides the nucleus, which is eroded. They are slightly shouldered and some- what turreted and increase rapidly in size. The upper ones have stout, raised spiral lines or cinguli, of unequal size, and mostly acute at summit, separated by wider, concave interspaces ; they are also crossed by many rather feebly marked transverse ridges, most distinct at the shoulder ; these disappear on the lower whorls, on which there are numerous, conspicuous, unequal, mostly strongly raised, spiral lines, which cover the whole surface. One of these, considerably larger than the rest, forms the angle of the shoulder; above this the whoi'ls descend somewhat abruptly to the suture, but with a convex outline ; just below the angle the whorls are a little flattened and then are convexly rounded. The more prominent of the cinguli are somewhat thickened and obtusely rounded ; between these there are from three to five smaller and thinner ones. The interspaces are strongly concave aud broader than the raised lines ; both the cinguli and interspaces are crossed l)y crowded, thin, raised lines of growth, along which the epidermis rises into small, short hairs, or thin scales. Aperture ovate, rather broad, slightly angu- hited at the shoulder. Canal moderately long, rather narrow, some- what bent to the left, and slightly turned up at the end. Columella strongly sinuous, with the inner margin sharp and decidedly twisted along the margin of the canal. Body-whorl decidedly excavated along the inner lip. Operculum broad-elliptical, with the nucleus at the anterior edge, yellowish horn-color. Shell internally bluish while. Epidermis pale greenish yellow. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 22 May 26, 1884. 172 A. E. Verrill — MoUusca of the New England Coast. Length of the largest specimen, 80'"'"; breadth, 1/""'"; length of body-whorl to tip of canal, 23""" ; length of aperture and canal, 19'""'; breadth of aperture, 8""". A living specimen was obtained at station 2042, N, lat. 39° 33', W. long. 68° 26' 45", in 1655 fathoms (No. 37,955), by the Albatross. This species bears little resemblance to any of those previously described from our coast. It is a larger and much stouter shell than S. pygmmus., with much more convex whorls, and the latter species is without transverse ribs on the upper whorls. The last named character shows an affinity with 8. coelatus and S. glyptus, but these are both smaller and more slender, and are ribbed in a much higher degree. Sipho cselatus, var. hebes Vemll, nov. This variety differs from the typical form in having the spire shorter, and more abruptly tapei-ed toward the tip, and in having the'whorls somewhat flattened, with the suture shallower, so as to give the shell a more cylindrical form. The ribs are numerous and well developed on all the whorls below the nucleus, and are distinctly excurved on the most convex part of the whorls. The lines of growth are thin and close, but are distinctly raised, and run parallel with the ribs. The spiral cinguli are very numerous, rather thin, not very prominent, often nearly obsolete on the last whorl. The oper- culum is ovate or pear-shaped, with the anterior end obtusely ])ointed and a little incurved, with the nucleus at the inner edge, near the anterior end, and showing a very slight tendency to the subspiral structure. This form occurred at station 2003, N. lat. 37° 16' 30", W. long. 74° 20' 36", in 640 fathoms, three specimens, one living (No. 35,659) ; station 2077, N. lat. 41° 09' 40", W. long. 66° 02', in 1255 fath., one living specimen (No. 38,015) and station 2103, N. lat. 38° 47' 20", W. long. 72' 37', in 1091 fath., one living and one dead (No. 35,424). Sipho (Mohnia) caelatulus Verriii, sp. nov. Shell small, fusiform, with an elevated, acute spire, the lower whorls with transverse ribs and raised spiral lines, the upper ones usually without ribs; in general appearance resembling 8. cad at ns^ but with the spire more elevated and acute and the ribs less strongly developed. Whorls about seven, moderately convex, not distinctly shouldered; suture rather deep, simple. The nucleus is small, smooth and little prominent, consisting of about two whorls; the api- A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the New England Coast. 173 cal whorl is very small, closely and regularly coiled, largely covered by the next whorl, which is at first smooth, then shows delicate spiral lines which gradually become stronger ; the next two whorls are covered with rather strong, elevated, spiral cinguli, unequal in size and obtuse at summit, separated by interspaces of about the same width. The first whorl below the nucleus has four or five cinguli ; the next has one or more smaller lines in each of the interspaces be- tween the primary ones ; the succeeding whorl has about ten to twelve prominent cinguli, with some additional ones of smaller size; on the lower whorls the cinguli become much more numerous, covering the whole surface, the most prominent surrounding the periphery and having three to five smaller ones between them; just below the suture the cinguli are often less prominent than elsewhere, and are rendered wavy by transverse ribs. The two upper whorls, below the nucleus, are generally destitute of transverse ribs, or have them but slightly developed ; on the succeeding whorls they become somewhat more conspicuous ; they are broad, low, rounded at the summit, nearly straight, but a little receding just above the middle of the whorls, and are evenly spaced, having concave intervals about equal to their own breadth. On the lower whorls there are about twelve to fourteen of these ribs. Both the ribs and interspaces are equally ci'ossed by the revolving cinguli, and their entire surface is covered by fine, close, raised or slightly lamelliform lines of growth. Outer lip sharp, thin, rather evenly rounded, contracted at the base of the canal, which is moderately long, narrow, twisted, and a little recurved. Aperture long-ovate, rather narrow, regularly incurved on the inside. Columella strongly bent and spirally twisted in a sigmoid curve. Operculum broad-ovate, obtusely rounded at the anterior end, with the nucleus situated slightly Avithin the margin of the inner edge, from which the lines of growth diverge in a sub- spii'al manner. There is often a slight notch on the innei* margin, just back of the nucleus. Epidermis inconspicuous. Color, in alco- hol, pale pink or pinkish white, translucent, usually white or yellowish white when dried. Length of one of the larger specimens, 21'"'"; breadth, 9""" ; length of body-whorl and canal, 14""" ; length of aperture, 10"'"' ; its breadth, 4"'"'. Other specimens are decidedly stouter than the one measured. Station 2048 (No. 34,832) ; sta. 2051 (No. 35,259) ; sta. 2052 (No. 35,229) ; Sta. 2072 (No. 38,052) ; sta. 2076 (No. 35,149) ; sta. 2077 (No. 35,248); sta. 2084 (No. 35,185), in 547 to 1290 fathoms. It occurred in most abundance at stations 2076, N. lat.. 41° 13', W, 174 A. E. Verrill — Molhisca of the Nevj England Coast. long. 66° 00' 50", in 906 fathoms, one hundred and- twenty-five speci- mens, seventy-five living; station 2077, N. lat. 41° 49' 40", W. long. 66° 02', in 1255 fatlioms, fifty-five specimens, twenty-five living ; and station 2084, N. lat. 40° 16' 50", W. long. 67' 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms, one hundred and fifty specimens, seventy-five living. Tliis species might readily be mistaken for S. cmlatus V., but the latter has a shorter, less acute and more abruptly tapered spire, a shallower suture, and the transverse ribs are prominent even on the whorls next to the nucleus. The sculpture, however, on the lower whorls agrees very closely. The operculum differs in form and structure. aS'. ylyptas has the spire longer and more acute, with the nucleus more prominent and diflferent in form. Its spiral sculpture is more highly developed and quite distinct in appearance from that of the present species. Although this species is referred to the sub- genus Mohnia, on account of the subspiral structure of the opercu- lum, this feature is less marked than in Mohuia Mohnii, the type of the group, as established by Friele, in this respect agreeing nearly with Sipho [llohnia) pai'vus V. and S. In fact, in respect to the operculum, it is somewhat intermediate between typical Sipho and Mohnia. Sipho (Mohnia) simplex Veniii, sp. nov. Shell small, short-fusiform, thin, delicate, somewhat translucent, with evenly convex whorls, and with numerous fine spiral lines and raised lines of growth, but without ribs. Canal short, nearly straight. Spire rather short, regularly tapered, acute. AVhorls five or six, evenly rounded, rather convex. Suture well impressed, sim- j)le. The nucleus is very small, smooth, with the apical whorl mi- nute, regularly spiral and largely concealed by the next whorl. Faint spiral lines commence on the second whorl. On the first whorl be- low the nucleus there are four or five thin, sharp cinguli ; on the next these increase to ten or twelve, which are nearly equal, mod- erately raised, and separated by interspaces of about their own width ; on the body-Avhorl the cinguli become very numerous and very regular, covering the whole surface to the base of the canal, but some of those around the periphery are somewhat thicker than the rest, with the summit somewliat obtuse or flattened ; alternating with tliese are others of smaller size and thinner. The whole sur- face, both of the cinguli and interspaces, is crossed by very nume- rous, close, thin, raised, lanielliform lines of growth, which recede on the more convex part of the whorl, but bend forward toward the A. E. Verrill — MoUnsca of the Nevi England Coast. 175 siitnre. Aperture rather broad-ovate, narrowing gradually to the canal, without any marked constriction. Canal short, rather broad, wide at base, narrowing toward the tip. Columella nearly straight, slightly sigmoid tow^ard the tip. Operculum small, pear-shaped, narrowed anteriorly, with the inner edge slightly incurved, and with a minute notch close to the tip, just behind the ihinute subspiral nucleus, which is situated just within the margin, much as in the preceding species and S. parvus. Epidermis thin, occasionally rising into minute scales and points along the lines of growth, especially near the suture. Color, in alcohol, dull pinkish white. Nuclear W'horls pale brownish. Length of one of the largest specimens, 14""" ; breadth, 7-5"'"' ; length of body-whorl and canal, 10"""; length of aperture, S'""' ; its breadth, 8-5""". Station 2115, N. lat. 35^ 49' 30", W. long. 74° 34' 45", in 843 fathoms, three living specimens (No. 35,573) ; and station 2055, N. lat. 42' 32", W. long. 68° 17', in 99-5 fathoms, one dead specimen. This species has some resemblance to 3fohnia Mohnii Friele, for a specimen of which I am indebted to tlie kindness of Mr. Friele. The latter is a less delicate shell, with coarser spiral lines, and with much larger nuclear whorls, and the operculum is much more dis- tinctly spiral, its nucleus being larger and farther from the edge. S. concinn.Ks [Eitsus concinnus Jeff.), is also similar to our species in form and size. Sipho leptaleUS Verrill, sp. nov. Plate XXXT, figure 14. Shell small, fusiform, glossy white, with five whorls, which are very convex, slightly carinated and angulated in the middle, on the lower whorls. Suture well impressed. Spire elevated, regularly tapered, acute. The sculpture consists of numerous regular, thin, delicate, raised, longitudinal ribs, which are bent in a sigmoid curve, the part corresponding to the most prominent angle of the whorls strongly receding ; and of fine, microscopic, wavy revolving lines between the ribs. There is usually a distinct internal line, just below the suture. Aperture irregularly ovate, rather narrow, elon- gated. Outer lip thin, rounded to the base of the canal, which is somewhat lengthened, oblique, and a little twisted. The columella- margin of the canal forms a sigmoid curve. Nucleus prominent, rounded, consisting of about one whorl and a half, covered with fine spiral lines. 176 A. E. Verrill — 3follusca of the Neto Enqland Coast. l^ength, 3-5""" ; breadth, 2""" ; leiiglli of body-whoil and canal, 2-3'""'; length of aperture, 2'""'; its breadth, about 1'""". Ofl' Martlia's Vineyard, station 1143, in 452 fathoms, soft mud, 1882. One specimen. The affinities of this shell are doubtful, as the animal and oj)ercu- luni are both unknown. The sculpture resembles that of some Pleurotomidje. Trophon Lintoni Vemll and Smith, MSS. A'erriU, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xiiv. p. 365, November, 1882. Plate XXIX, figure 1. Shell stout, rough, with six very convex, somewhat shouldered whorls, crossed by about nine very prominent, thick, obtuse ribs ; whole surface covered with strong, elevated, obtuse, scaly, revolving cino-uli, usually alternately larger and smaller, separated by narrow, deep grooves; they are crossed by arched scales or lines of growth. Aperture broad ; canal short, narrow, a little curved ; umbilical pit distinct, but small. Length, 28"""; breadth, 17"""; length of canal and body-whorl, 19'"'"; length of aperture, 15-5""" ; its breadth, 7-5'""'. Xamed in honor of Professor E. Linton, a member of the Fish Commission parties in 1882 and 1883. Off Martha's Vineyard, station 1118, in 70 fathoms, Fish Hawk, 1882. One specimen. No other example has been taken. Trophon clavatus G. 0. Sars. Moll. Keg. Arct. Norvegia;, p. 249, pi. 15, fig. 12; pi. 23, fig. 14, ami pi. IX, fig. 17 (dentition). This species is rather common in our deeper drcdgings. It ao-rees very well with Sars's descriptions and figures. Among our numerous sfftcimens there is considerable variation in form, and in the number and prominence of the thin elevated ribs. It occurred at station 2035, in 1362 fathoms; sta. 2037, in 1731 fath. ; sta. 2(^38, in 2033 fath. ; sta. 2041, in 1608 fatli. ; sta. 2042, in 55 fath. ; sta. 2043, in 1467 fath. ; sta. 2076, in 900 fath. ; sta. 2084, in 1290 fath.; sta. 2096, in 1451 fath.; sta. 2115, >iu 843 fath. It was most abundant at sta. 2038, N. lat. 38° 30' 30", W. long. 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fath., twenty specimens (No. 34,847) ; sta. 2076. N. lat. 41° 13", W. long. 66° 00' 50", in 906 fath. (No. 38,041), A. E. Yerrill — Mollusca of the Nexo England Coast. 177 eighteen living specimens; and sta. 2115, N. lat. 35° 49' 30", W. long. 74° 34' 45", in 843 fath. (No. 35,583), forty living. It was taken by Sars, off Lofoden, in 120 to 200 fath. T^NIOG-LOSSA. Benthodolium YerriU, gen. nov. Shell rather large, shape somewhat intermediate between Bncci- mnn and Dolhan. Spire moderately elevated. Whorls convex, last one ventricose. Aperture large, broad, somewhat semicircular, ('anal very short, scarcely differentiated from the aperture, formed chiefly by the eversion and turning np of the anterior end of the colum^ella-margin. The coluraella-lip is thickened and sinuous, ex- tending over the umbilical region. A distinct, w^ell defined layer of enamel, on the body-Avhorl, connects the outer lip with the colu- mella. No umbilicus. The operculum is large, moderately thick, horny, ovate or subcordate, with a large, spiral nucleus, situated a little within the margin of the broad anterior end, which is slightly emarginate in the middle, opposite the nucleus. The animal, in alcohol, has a broad head, with large, stout, taper- ing, acute tentacles, apparently without any trace of eyes. Pro- boscis moderately long. The siphon is indicated only by a short rounded fold of tlie mantle-edge. The foot is short and broad, bhintly rounded behind, with a deep transverse groove in the front margin. Gills very unequal in size, the lower only about half the length of the u]^per. The odontophore, in the type-species, is small and short, with teeth somewhat like those of Dolium. The rachidian tooth is broad, Avith a large, shaj-p central cusp and six or more small denticles on each side ; the inner lateral tooth is large, strongly curved, with a sharp terminal cusp, and several small lateral denticles on the outer margin; the tw^o outer rows are much alike; these teeth are long, slender, curved, with sharp tips. On each side of .^jthe cavity of the proboscis there is a chitinous patch, closely covered with small chiti- nous scales or denticles, which are closely crowded together and im- bricated ; the largest of these denticles are flattened and have their free end lanceolate and acute. Benthodolium abySSOrum Verrill and Smith, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figubes 12, 12a, \1h. Shell large, thin, stout, with inflated whorls, and a short, obtuse spire. Whorls five, below the nucleus, rapidly increasing, evenly 178 A. K Verrill — Mollusca of the Neio England Coast. rounded, strongly convex, the last wliorl occupying more than one- half the length of the shell. Suture deep, well impressed, the whorls rising abruptly from the suture produce a well rounded shoulder. Aperture broadly ovate ; outer lip thin, sharp, with a nearly evenly rounded outline, the edge receding a little at the shoulder and slightly everted near its junction with the whorl ; inner lip continued as a thin lustrous coat of white enamel on the previous whorl, becom- ing raised, sharp, and- slightly sinuous in the umbilical region, and turning outward so. as to nearly conceal a narrow umbilical chink. Columella short, not much thickened, with a slight sigmoid curva- ture. Canal very short, and wide, scarcely projecting beyond the margin of the outer lip, with which it is directly continuous. Sculpture consists of numerous small, but very distinct, elevated, spiral cinguli, somewhat unequal in size, but rather evenly spaced, and separated by much wider concave interspaces (aboiit 1"*"^ broad), crossed by rather conspicuous and regular, raised lines of growth, which also cross the ribs. There is no indication of longitudinal ribs. Epidermis distinct, thin, brownish yellow, not hairy. The apical whorls are eroded. Operculum spiral, large, thin, ovate, in- equilateral ; the outer edge evenly rounded ; the inner edge not so strongly convex and slightly sinuous posteriorly ; the anterior edge slightly eraarginate, where the spiral portion turns inward. The anterior portion shows a distinct spiral whorl, having its center a little distance from the anterior border, and tlie lines are curved radially from the center. Color of the shell white and translucent beneath the yellowish epidermis. The operculuni is horn-color, translucent. The only specimen in the collection is a female. The tentacles are large, broad, stout, rapidly tapering to the acuminate tips. No eyes can be detected in the preserved specimen. Length, 45"'"'; breadth, 35"'"' ; length of spire, 18""" ; length of aperture, 37"""; its breadth, 18"'"'; length of operculum, 19'""'; breadth, 14'""'. Station 2098, N. lat. 37° 40' 30", W. long. 70° 37' 30", in 2221 fathoms, one living specimen (No. 35,273), and station 2105, N. lat. 37° 50", W. long. 73" 03' 50", in 1395 fathoms, one dead specimen (No. 35,364). Trichotropis inflata Krioie. Catalog;- ijorweg. Nurdiueer-exp. Si)ilzl)0if>'Oii fiul'iiud. Mollnsken, p. 275, 1871). Shell ;sniall, ovate, witli llie last wlioil large and sunu'wiiat viMitri- cose, spire small, turreted, with a rather acute apex antl a strongly A. E. Yerrill — Mollusca of the New England Coast. ITO marked, somewhat impressed suture. Whorls four, increasing rap- idly, rising abruptly from the suture to the strongly convex shoulder, and somewhat flattened at the periphery. The apical whorl is not very small, but rather prominent. The body-whorl forms much the larger part of the shell, and is rather evenly rounded in the middle, strongly produced anteriorly, and narrowed gradually to the tip of the short canal. The sculpture consists of very thin, raised, rather close and regularly spaced revolving cinguli, of which there are about twelve on the penultimate whorl ; on one specimen one of these is a little more prominent than the rest. Fine, close, regular, and distinctly raised flexuous lines of growth also cover the whole surface of the lower whorls, crossing both the cinguli and their inter- stices, but most distinctly the latter; these lines of growth are much finer and more numerous than the cinguli ; the two upper whorls are smooth. Aperture somewhat crescent-shaped, not very broad, pretty evenly rounded on the outside, prolonged anteriorly into a short rudimentary canal, and with the inner margin rather flexuous, the columella-margin being straight or a little convex in the middle, while there is a marked excurvature in the umbilical region; the lip is thin, simple, but striated within by revolving lines which show through. The canal is not difierentiated from the aperture by any constriction, and ends in a simple and slightly prominent notch ; the columella-lip is reflexed over the umbilicus, nearly concealing it in a front view. The umbilicus seen in an end view is narrow and deep. Length, 6"""; breadth, 3'8'"""; length of body-whorl, 5'"'"; length of aperture, 3 •S'"'"; its breadth, l-S"'". Station 2084, N. lat. 40° 16' 50", W. long. 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms. Two living specimens (No. 38,077). The original specimens described by Friele were from 223 and 656 fathoms, and from 650 fathoms, ofFTromso. This shell agrees closely with the description and figure quoted. It seems to me very doubtful whether it really belongs to the genus Trichotropis. It may prove to belong to Admete. Cingnla brychia Verrill, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 9. Shell brown, small, rather thick, short and stout, composed of about three rapidly increasing whorls, which are crossed by strong transverse ribs, but are destitute of spiral lines. The apical whorl is relatively rather large, regularly rounded, making a small, obtuse Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 23 May 26, 1884. 180 A. E. Verrill — Molluscd of the Nev) England Coast. tip. The second whorl is crossed by about twelve rather prominent and obtuse ribs, which are most elevated at the periphery ; their in- terspaces are concave and wider than the ribs. On the last whorl, which forms the greater part of the shell, there are about fourteen ribs, most prominent on the shoulder, fading out a short distance below the periphery, and also disappearing close to the suture ; the base is somewhat produced and is destitute of sculpture. There is a minute umbilical chink or groove, partially concealed by the edge of the lip. The suture is strongly impressed. Aperture rather large, obovate, broadly rounded posteriorly, narrowing nearly to a point anteriorly, at the junction of the outer lip and columella ; the outer lip is rather thin, without a varix, strongly convex at the shoulder, and a little produced anteriorly, where it forms a distinct, prominent angle at its junction with the columella-margin, which is straighter than in most species, though somewhat excurved. In some speci- mens there appears to be a rudimentary notch at tlie anterior angle of the lip, somewhat like that of Trichotropis and LHiopa. The inner lip is usually not continuous on the body-whorl. Color dark reddish brown, varying to light brown and brownish yellow, fre- quently more or less coated with iron oxide. Length, 2-3™'"; breadth, 2'"™; length of aperture, 1'"'". Station 892, in 487 fathoms (No. 38,021), 1880; five living, one dead, station 1093 (No. 38,086), in 349 fathoms, 1882; dredged by the steamer Fish Hawk, Stations 2072 (No. 38,089) ; 2076 (No. 38,073) ; 2078 (No. 38,074); and 2084 (No. 38,099), in 499 to 1290 fathoms, 1883, steamer Albatross. In color and general appearance this species resembles the young of C. Jan-May eni. It is, however, a shorter and stouter species, and is destitute of the spiral lines, which render the ribs on the shoulder conspicuously nodulous in the latter. Cingula syngenes Verrill, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 11. Shell small, white, long-ovate, with a regularly tapering, blunt- tipped spire ; a strongly impressed suture ; and four to five evenly convex whorls, which are rather finely and regularly reticulated by transverse ribs and revolving cinguli of nearly equal strength, except on the base, which has only the spiral sculpture. Apical whorl rela- tively large, obtusely rounded, nearly smooth ; on the second turn a A. JS. Yerrill — Molhisca of the JVeto England Coast. 181 few revolving lines appear ; the lower whoi-ls are crossed hy about fourteen to sixteen, regular, rather elevated, but not broad, rounded ribs, which are nearly straight and separated by pretty regular inter- spaces, usually about twice as broad as the ribs. On all except the last whorl, the ribs extend from suture to suture ; on the last whorl they fade out a little below the periphery. The whole shell, excejit the nucleus, is covered with well developed, rather thin, revolving cinguli, which are about the same height as the ribs, though rather thinner, but in crossing the ribs they do not form nodules, so that the surface is cancellated with a regular net-work, of which the meshes are squarish, or elongated in the direction of the revolving lines, but below the periphery of the last whorl the cinguli become stronger and the ribs fainter, while the greater part of the base is occupied with cinguli only, which are here rather closely crowded. On the penultimate whorl there are about six or seven cinguli ; on the body-whorl there are sixteen to nineteen, of which eight or nine are posterior to the lip, and six or seven anterior to it. The surface is also marked with very fine revolving stri®, visible under the microscope. Umbilicus none. Aperture rounded or very broadly ovate, usually "slightly narrowed and obtusely angled posteriorly ; broadly rounded and slightly flaring in front ; outer lip sometimes thin and sharp, sometimes distinctly thickened, but without a varix ; anteriorly it is slightly effuse, and sometimes forms there a faint rounded angle; the inner lip is continuous, forming a regular curve, but not quite so convex as the outer margin ; the portion in contact with the body-whorl has a free edge, and in the umbilical region the margin is a little reflexed, often leaving a slight furrow beneath it. Length, 3"^"^; breadth, 1-6"""; length of aperture, 1-2"'^; its breadth, "S"^"'. Other specimens are somewhat more slender than the one measured. Station 2109, in 142 fathoms, off Cape Hatteras, N. lat. 35° 14' 20", W. long. 74° 59' 10". Several specimens, living and dead (No. 35,453). This species belongs to the same group as C. arenaria, C. carinata^ and C. areolata of our northern coasts. From all these it differs in having a finer and more regular sculpture, both the ribs and revolv' ing lines being much more numerous and more regular. Nor do either of the northern species possess the microscopic striae. In this last character it resembles C. harpa and C. leptalea; but C harpa is a stouter shell, with much finer and more numerous revolving lines, which do not give it a cancellated appearance. C. leptalea is 182 A. E. Verrill — MoUusca of the New England Coast. entirely destitute of the transverse ribs. The present species also resembles C. abyssicola of northern Europe, as figured by G. O. Sars, but tlie latter has a stronger sculpture, with fewer revolving lines, and the outer lip has a distinct varix. C. Jeffreysi diifers in nearly the same manner. Cingula leptalea Vemii, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 10. Shell of moderate size, thin, slender, composed of four very con- vex whorls sepai'ated by a deep suture, and with small spiral cinguli and microscopic, wavy, revolving lines. The apical whorl is rather large, smooth, regularly coiled, forming a small rounded apex. The lower whorls are covered with small, rounded cinguli, of which there are from eight to ten above the suture, on the penultimate whorl, those just below the suture becoming indistinct ; on the body-whorl there are about twenty ; they are separated by concave interspaces of somewhat greater width, the spaces becoming greater on the upper part of the whorl. Both the interspaces and cinguli are cov- ered by very delicate, microscopic, raised lines, which are bent into minute, close waves, giving the whole surface a microscopically ver- miculated appearance ; of these wavy lines there are mostly from four to six in the interspaces and four or five on the cinguli. The whorls are crossed by raised lines of growth, which in some places are pretty regular and nearly as prominent as the cinguli, which they cross so as to produce a finely reticulated sculpture ; this is seen most frequently near the shoulder, but is not constant, often fading- out both near the suture and anteriorly. There are also more or less distinct microscopic lines of growth which cross the minute revolv- ing lines, but are less distinct than the latter. The aperture is rather large, regularly ovate; the outer lip is a little thickened, but without a varix; it is regularly arched exteriorly and a little etfuse in front; the inner lip is well developed and continuous, though closely adherent to the body-whorl. There is no umbilicus, but a small chink is formed by the eversion of the columella-lip. Color, in alco- hol, pale yellowish white willi a tinge of greenish, and translucent ; when dry, white and opa<|ue. Length, 3'"'"; breadth, 1-8'"'"; length of aperture, J""". Station 2072, N. lat. 41° 53', W. long. 65° 35', in 858 fathoms (No. 38,060). One living specimen. A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the Nexo England Coast. 183 This species- is easily distinguished by the jjeciiliar, elegant, spiral microscopic lines, combined with the numerous spiral cinguli, visible under a lens. There are no regular transverse ribs. Cingula apicina Verriii, sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 8. Shell conical, rapidly tapering to a very acute, sub-stiliform tip. Nuclear whorls about four, smooth, dark brown ; the first is minute and obliquely incurved ; the others very gradually increase, so as to form a slender, somewhat stiliform nucleus, below which the normal whorls increase much more rapidly. The normal whorls, of which there are five, are very convex, evenly rounded, with a strongly impressed suture, and everywhere crossed by fine, distinct, obliquely raised, slightly flexuous lines of growth, some of which often appear as distinct riblets, but without any distinct spiral lines. Aperture nearly round, faintly angulated, a little in advance of the middle, by a very slight and rather indistinct ridge, which surrounds the base near the periphery. ' Columella-margin thin and somewhat reiiexed over the umbilical depression ; inner lip short, formed by a thin layer of enamel closely adherent to the body-whorl. Umbilicus small and deep, partially concealed in a front view by the reflexed edge of the lip, but distinctly visible in an end view. Epidermis thin, closely adiierent, light horn-color, Avithout much luster, and having a distinctly fibroiis appearance, under a lens. Shell grayish white. Operculum nearly round, very thin, pale horn-color, with very indistinct subspiral lines of growth. Length, 7'6™'"; breadth, 5'"™; length of body-whorl and canal, 5"'"'; length of aperture, 2-5'^"' ; its breadth, 2""". Station 2041, N. lat. 39° 22' 50", W. long. 68° 25', in 1608 fathoms. Steamer. Albatross, 18.83 (No. 38,070). A single living specimen of this species was obtained. The animal, in alcohol, has rather i-hort, stout, tapering tentacles, and is apparently without eyes. Its generic affinities are doubtful. It has some resemblance in sculpture and appearance to Lacuna glacialis, but the latter is a stouter shell, with a less distinct umbilicus, and without the j)eculiar stiliform nucleus seen in the present species. In the last character it approaches Litiopa., but it has not the notch, or rudiraentarv canal, characteristic of that sceiius. 184 A. K Verrill — Jlollusea of the Neio Englaiid Coast. Cithna tenella, var. costulata Jeff. Lacuna tenella Jeffrejs, Brit. Couch., p. 204, pi. 101, fig. 7. Cithna tenella, var. costulata Jeffreys, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 110. This species was taken at station 2038, N. lal. 38° 30' 30", W. long. 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms (No. 38,069). One living specimen. It has been taken on the European coasts at several localities, in 114 to 2050 fathoms, from ofl' the Faroe Islands to the Azores and Mediterranean. It was taken off Pernambuco, Brazil, and east of Japan by the Cliallenger (Jeffreys). It occurs in the Pliocene of Sicily and Calabria, according to Jeffreys. Cithna cingulata Verriii. sp. nov. Plate XXXII, figure 7. Shell small, rather solid, depressed, with a low spire, and angu- lated, spirally striated Avhorls. Rase broad, convex ; umbilicus small and deep. The nucleus is relatively large, nearly smooth, glossy, deep chestnut-brown, composed of about three rapidly in- creasing whorls, the last of which is finely spirally striated ; the apical whorl is minute and regularly coiled, not prominent; the change from the nucleus to the normal whorls is abrupt. Aside from the nucleus, there is rather more than one whorl, which increases rapidly and constitutes the bulk of the shell; this whorl is very convex at the periphery and more or less distinctly bicarinate ; one carina surrounds the periphery ; the other at a short distance above this forms a slight, rather indistinct shoulder ; the band between the upper carina and the suture is slightly convex and joins the preceding whorl nearly at right angles, bending inward at the suture so as to form a narrow and rather deep sutural groove. The whole surface, below the nucleus, both above and below, is covered by numerous, pretty regular, close, spiral cinguli, separated by grooves of about the same breadth on the periphery, but more crowded on the base ; the surface is also roughened by fine and minute lines of growth. On the last whorl there are four or five cin- guli between the carinte. The umbilicus is regular, somewhat fun- nel-shaped, narrow and deep. The aperture is rather large, roundish, with the anterior and inner borders slightly patulous, and the outer border expanded and more or less angulated at tlie carin:^; the inner lip is continuous, with a distinct edge along the narrow pai't, which is attached to the pillar. Columella-margin somewhat fiat- A. E. Yerrill — Ilollusca of the New England Coast. 185 tened and a little effuse anteriorly. Color white, below the brown nucleus. Height, 2-2"""; breadth, 3-6'"'"; breadth of aperture, 2""". A young specimen, preserv-ed in alcohol, and apparently of the same species, has a distinct epidermis, bearing small hair-like pro- cesses, most prominent on the carinse. Its nucleus is somewhat smaller than in the specimen described above, but has the same form and color. Station 2076, N. lat. 41° 13', W. long. 66° 00' 50", in 906 fathoms (No. ;J8,101); station 2084, N. lat. 40° 16' 50", W. long. 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms (No. 38,105). The young alcoholic specimen re- ferred to is from station 2043, in 1467 fathoms, N. lat. 39° 49', W. long. 68° 28' 30" (No. 38,104). Albatross, 1883. One specimen was taken at each locality, Cithna(?) olivacea Verriii, sp. nov. Plate XXIX, figure 5. Shell thin, translucent, naticoid, as broad as high, subglobular, with about four rapidly expanding, rounded whorls. Suture distinct, scarcely impressed. Surface smooth, glossy, covered with a green- ish yellow, thin, closely adherent epidermis. The upper whorls are obscured by a thin, smooth, chitinous deposit, which also fills the suture; beneath this the niiclear whorls appear to have a delicate sculpture, consisting of two or more revolving cinguli crossed by delicate lines of growth. Aperture very broad, ovate ; the outer lip is evenly rounded, forming nearly a semicircle. Columella-lip nearly straight, a little excurved in the middle, with the edge everted and a little thickened, slightly effuse, and forming a distinct, rounded angle and a rudimentary notch, where it joins the outer lip. The inner lip is continued from the columella-margin to the outer lip by a very thin smooth deposit of enamel, without a free edge. Spire very short, apex obtuse. Umbilicus wanting. Length, 4™'°; breadth, 4™"^; length of aperture, 2'25™'" ; breadth, omm Off Martha's Vineyard, station 1154, in 193 fathoms, 1882. An additional specimen from station 2084, in 1290 fathoms, 1883. Both specimens were without the animal, though fresh in appear- ance. The affinities of this shell are, therefore, very doubtful. 186 A. K Verrlli — Mollusca of the New England Coast. Family SEGUENZID^. The beautiful deep-sea shells included in the genus Seguemia., ^nth the closely allied forms [Basilissa, etc.), present several remarkable characters which ought, certainly, to entitle them to rank as a dis- tinct family. The shell is trochiform, with elegant revolving and transverse raised sculpture, and usually translucent, with more or less pearly luster, when fresh. Umbilicus open or closed. Aperture irregular, usually with a marked posterior sinus, a short or rudimentary canal, or anterior sinus, and sometimes with two anterior sinuses. Oper- culum thin, rounded-ovate or ear-shaped, with a subcentral nucleus and fine concentric lines. Jaws ovate, with tesselated surface and denticulated edge. Odontophore (in Segxienzia) minute, Tcenioglos- sate/ the central tooth small, with one denticle ; the inner laterals smaller, with ciirved unarmed tip; the two outer laterals slender, sharp, strongly curved. By Jeffreys this group was placed near kiolariimi (Ptenoglossa) ; by Watson in the Trochidm (Rhiphidoglossa). It has really no affinity with either of those groups, but belongs to the Tmnioglossa. It seems more nearly related to Aporrhais and allied forms, than to any of our other shalloAV water groups. Seguenzia formosa Jeffreys. Jeffreys, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, vol. xxv, pp.200, 201, 1876 (wood-cuts); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 319, April, 1876. Boog "Watson, Molhisca Chajlenger Exp., Part III, Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. xiv, p. 587, 1879. Plate XXXI, figures 14, 14o. \lh. Several living specimens were dredged by the Albatross in 1883, in 1290 to 2033 fathoms. Station 2037, N. lat. 38° 53', W. long. 69° 23' 30", in nsi fathoms, one young specimen (No. 38,232) ; station 2038, N. lat. 38° 30' 30", AV. long. 69° 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms, two living specimens (No. 38,078) ; station 2084, N. lat. 40° 16' 50", W. long. 67° 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms, two living specimens (No. 38,247). These specimens sliow some variation in sculpture and in the presence or absence of a small umbilical perforation or channel. In the typical form of formosa the body-whorl is surrounded by three principal carinas, Avhich are prominent and rather sharp. One of these, around the periphery, is coincident with the posterior angle of the aperture, and, therefore, with the suture, which it usually con- A. E. Verrill — MoUusca of the Nevi England Coast. 187 ceals ; both above and below this, at about equal distances, there is another less prominent carina, the lower one defining the basal area; the upper one is about midway between the median carina and the suture. The intervals between these carinse are bi'oadly concave and crossed by numerous pretty regularly spaced, thin, raised and curved riblets ; those between the upper carina and the suture have their concave side toward the aperture and terminate posteriorly in a small, slightly prominent lobe or crest in crossing the sutural carina; those in the two peripheral zones have their convex side toward the aperture and do not cross the carinse, On the base there are about seven to nine rather prominent revolving cinguli, besides the carina already refei'red to ; the intervals between these are con- cave and variable in width, and are crossed by numerous, small, oblique riblets. The surface of the whorls between the riblets is covered by fine revolving lines, visible with a lens. The umbilicus is represented only by a narrow spiral groove or channel, nearly concealed by the strongly recurved or reflected margin of the colu- mella-lip, and boimded outwardly by a spiral ridge. The aperture is rather large and angulated, or lobed, with a deep, rather broad posterior sinus, which is deepest just above the upper carina, where the corresponding riblets are most strongly excurved ; below this the outer lip is thin, and bends outward and inward, corresponding to the external carinas and their interspaces ; below the periphery and opposite the most convex part of the base the outer lip bends out- ward and shows another shallow sinus ; there is also a small sinus or rudimentary canal at the junction of the lip with the extremity of the columella, which terminates in a small, somewhat prominent angle. The columel la-margin is strongly spirally twisted, much excurved opposite the umbilical region, beyond whicli it curves strongly forward and outward, forming there a small, prominent, sometimes slender tooth, which is often broken. The operculum is ear-shaped or broad-ovate, with an emargination on one side, thii), translucent, pale yellow, with a very delicate, concentric structure. The nucleus is sub-central ; around it are numerous thin, close, con- centric lines, most distinct about midway between the center and margin ; the outer part is transparent and shows no distinct lines ; the muscular attachment is ovate, not very large, and excentric to the center. Jaws thin, brown, irregularly ovate, the outer half covered with small tesselated elevations, becoming more prominent, blunt or spatuate at the mai'gin. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. VI. 24 May 26, 1884, 188 A. E. Verrill — Molhisca oj the Nein England Coast. Odontophore very small and slender; median tooth minute, thiu, with the tip bent forward and ending in a minute central denticle; inner laterals, with the tip small, curved forward, flat, unarmed, almost half as wide as the median ; outer laterals long, slender, very acute, strongly curved. Length of the largest specimen, 5""" ; breadth, 4™"" ; breadth of aperture, 2"™. At station 2084, two younger specimens were obtained. These, while agreeing with the larger specimens in form and sculpture, have a narrow but deep umbilical peiforation, which is only partially concealed by the reflexed columella-margin. One specimen has five, the other six spiral carinae on the base. The columella-margin is thin and shows only a small tooth at its extremity. The nucleus, as in the typical form, is small, smooth, turned up oblitjuely, and some- what prominent. The presence of the umbilical perforation seems to be due only to immaturity. Seguenzia formosa, var. nitida Yerriii, nov. This shell agrees nearly in form and size with typical S. formosa, but is thinner, more translucent, with the spire a little less acute, and with more delicate sculpture. It differs chiefly in having more numerous and closer spiral lines on the base, the number below the median carina of the whorl being ten to twelve, the intervals be- tween them diminishing as they approach the umbilical region. Our specimens have a narrow, spirally twisted, deep umbilical perfo- ration and channel, mostly concealed in a front view by the reflexed edge of the columella-lip ; the umbilical pore is bordered externally by the innermost spiral ridge. The columella is much excurved at base, strongly spirally twisted, and projects at the end in a some- what prominent, excurved angle, forming a small canal, but has no distinct tooth on the inner margin like that seen in the typical S. formosa, but this may be due to injury; the outer lip is more regu- larly convex and has a less developed posterior sinus. The two principal carina^ on the whorls are elevated and rather prominent, with the edge a little thickened, often obtuse and finely spirally lined, not interrupted by the transverse riblets, which fade out at a little distance below the crest, except on the sutural carina, which they cross. The riblets are rather thinner, more delicate, and more numerous than in the typical S. formosa, and are less elevated. They- are also more strongly curved and decidedly closer together, especially those between the two peripheral carina\ There is, also, A. E. Verrill — Mollusca of the Nevi England Coast. 189 in some cases, a distinct, subsutural raised line. Tlie fine spiral lines between the carinje are rather more regular and distinct than in the typical form. The nuclear whorl is a little prominent and turned uj), rounded, smooth, glossy, and rather larger than in the latter. Lengtli, S-"'" ; breadth, 4""" ; length of aperture, 2-8'"™ ; its breadth, 2 mm Station 2038, in 2033 fathoms, with S. formosa^ three living examples (No. 38,078). Seguenzia eritima Veniii, sp. nov. Plate XXXI, figure 15. Shell thin, delicate, stout-conical, with a rather high, regularly tapered, acute spire, a narrow, deep umbilical ])ore, and a somewhat produced base, which is sculptured by numerous (15 to 20) small, spiral cinguli. Whorls seven, rapidly increasing, strongly angulated and cari- nated in the middle. Suture distinct, very slightly impressed, boi'dered below by a small, slightly i-aised, spiral ridge ; from this the wide subsutural band rises, at an abrupt angle, to the carina of the shoulder, forming a flat or somewhat concave upper slope on the whorls. On the spire the shoulder is situated at about the middle of the whorls, and the periphery, below the carina, is flattened and descends nearly perpendicularly to the suture. On the last whorl a second sharp carina surrounds the periphery, the space between the two being a little greater than that above the first carina, the per- ipheral band being here somewhat concave. Below the peripheral carina the base is covered by fifteen to twenty smaller and distinctly raised, thin cinguli, of which the two or three outermost are but little smaller than the carinse, and separated by spaces two or three times their own breadth ; near the umbilicus the spirals again become a little stronger and wider apart, while over the greater part of the base they are slender and very close set, the grooves between being scarcely as wide as the lines; midway between the center and circumference there is a low, ill-defined spiral ridge, corresponding to the anterior einus of the lip; the innermost spiral line forms a thickened border for the umbilicus. The spaces between the carinse are crossed by numerous, very delicate, flexuotis, raised riblets, which are close and very regularly spaced, and rather more promi- nent on the last whorl than on the spire; those on the subsutural ino A. E. Verrill — MoUiisea of the New Eiigland Coast. band, which are closer together than the others, are excurved in the middle, bending abruptly forward to join the shoulder-carina, which they do not cross, nor do they form prominences on the sutural carina; those of the peripheral band curve in the opposite direction, their convex side being toward the aperture. In the narrower spaces between the outer basal cinguli similar riblets are also present, but are here oblique, iiner, and less distinct; the spaces between the carinae are also marked by fine, raised spiral lines, visi- ble with a lens, which do not interrupt the riblets; often some of these, near the median carina, are larger than the rest. The apical whorl is a little prominent, small, regular, smooth and glassy. The suture often appears slightly channeled, when the sutural carina is a little removed from it, owing to the fact that the peripheral carina of the previous whorl is nearly coincident with the suture. The carina defining the shoulder often appears double or grooved at its summit, on the last whorl. The umbilicus is narrow, but deep and spirally twisted, being more or less encroached upon by the incurved colu- mella-edge. The aperture is irregularly angulated and somewhat three-lobed, with two distinct, somewhat j^roduced, narrow sinuses in front ; a deep., rather wide notch or posterior sinus corresponding to the subsutural band ; and a strongly excavated, rounded sinus at the base of the columella. The outer lip is thin, sharp, angulated at the terminations of the carinae, and projects strongly forward at the periphery and bends outward in the form of two very short, rather narrow, rounded canals anteriorly. These are nearly equal in size, the outermost corresponding to a slight convex ridge on the outer part of the base, the inner one corresponding to the termination of the columella-margin ; the latter projects forward as a rudimentary canal. The columella-margin is short, somewhat thickened, very strongly spirally curved, and much excurved near its junction with the body-whorl, opposite the umbilicus, beyond which it bears a small, slightly prominent, obtuse tooth. Color translucent white, with a pearly luster or iridescence in fresh specimens. Operculum thin, pale yellowish horn-color. Length, 4-5™"' ; breadth, 3""" ; length of body-whorl and aperture, 3'"'"; breadth of aperture, i-7™m One living specimen from station 2038, N. lat. 38* 30' 30", W. long. CO" 08' 25", in 2033 fathoms (No. 38,092), the figured type ; four specimens from station 2084, K lat. 40° iC 50", W. long. 67" 05' 15", in 1290 fathoms (No. 38,249), one living ; station 2043, in 1467 fathoms, one dead (No. 38,269). A. E, Verrill —Mollusca of the New England Coast. 191 In size, form, and the general character of the sculpture this spe- cies resembles /8. formosa J., from which it differs mainly in the more delicate character of the sculpture, less acute carinoe, finer and closer ribiets, and much more numerous and finer lines on the base. The typical form of jS. formosa is destitute of an umbilicus, although a narrow one appears in some of the small specimens. This species seems to be a thinner and more delicate shell than any of the varie- ties of S. formosa, and has a more convex base and a smaller nucleus, but a less acute spire. From S. carinata Jeff, and *S. ionica Watson it differs in having a higher and more acute spire, and decid- edl}^ in the sculpture and the narrowness of the umbilicus, which in this form is a deep, narrow, spiral perforation. I have seen no de- scription of S. elegans Jeff., other than the statement that it is umbilicated. PilisCUS COmmoduS (Middendorff.) Pilidium coriiinoduin Middendorff, Beit. Malacozoologia Rossica, pi. 17, figs. 4-11, 1847. f Pilidium radiatum M. Sars ; G. 0. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norvegiaj, p. 144, pi. 8, figs. 6, a-d, pi. V, figs. I, a,h (dentition). Pilidium commodum Friele, Nyt. Mag. Naturvid,, xxiii, 1877, [sep. copy, p. 2], pi., figs. 2, 2a, dentition. Shell very thin, translucent, bonnet-shaped, with the antei'ior slope rising gradually to the apex, which recurves and overhangs the posterior margin. Aperture very large, broad-ovate, a little nar- rowed posteriorly, broadly rounded in front. Apex prominent, situ- ated near the posterior end, curved backward and inward, and twisted obliquely to the right ; the extreme apex is rather large, bluntly rounded, incurved, and appressed against the body of the shell posteriorly ; this nuclear portion expands at first only grad- ually, and appears to be minutely punctate under a lens. The body of the shell is covei'ed with rather conspicuous, close, raised lines of growth, but is destitute of any i-adiating lines. The whole surface, except the apex, is covered with a thin, fibrous, concentrically corru- gated, yellowish white epidermis, which easily peels off when dried. Margin very thin and sharp, flar